This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of global human trafficking trends over a twenty-year period, leveraging a robust dataset from the Counter Trafficking Data Collaborative (CTDC). The study unfolds in a sys...This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of global human trafficking trends over a twenty-year period, leveraging a robust dataset from the Counter Trafficking Data Collaborative (CTDC). The study unfolds in a systematic manner, beginning with a detailed data collection phase, where ethical and legal standards for data usage and privacy are strictly observed. Following collection, the data undergoes a rigorous preprocessing stage, involving cleaning, integration, transformation, and normalization to ensure accuracy and consistency for analysis. The analytical phase employs time-series analysis to delineate historical trends and utilizes predictive modeling to forecast future trajectories of human trafficking using the advanced analytical capabilities of Power BI. A comparative analysis across regions—Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe—is conducted to identify and visualize the distribution of human trafficking, dissecting the data by victim demographics, types of exploitation, and duration of victimization. The findings of this study not only offer a descriptive and predictive outlook on trafficking patterns but also provide insights into the regional nuances that influence these trends. The article underscores the prevalence and persistence of human trafficking, identifies factors contributing to its evolution, and discusses the implications for policy and law enforcement. By integrating a methodological approach with quantitative analysis, this research contributes to the strategic planning and resource allocation for combating human trafficking. It highlights the necessity for continued research and international cooperation to effectively address and mitigate this global issue. The implications of this research are significant, offering actionable insights for policymakers, law enforcement, and advocates in the ongoing battle against human trafficking.展开更多
Mutations in the small genome present in mitochondria often result in severe pathologies.Different genetic strategies have been explored,aiming to rescue such mutations.A number of these strategies were based on the c...Mutations in the small genome present in mitochondria often result in severe pathologies.Different genetic strategies have been explored,aiming to rescue such mutations.A number of these strategies were based on the capacity of human mitochondria to import RNAs from the cytosol and designed to repress the replication of the mutated genomes or to provide the organelles with wild-type versions of mutant transcripts.However,the mutant RNAs present in mitochondria turned out to be an obstacle to therapy and little attention has been devoted so far to their elimination.Here,we present the development of a strategy to knockdown mitochondrial RNAs in human cells using the transfer RNA-like structure of Brome mosaic virus or Tobacco mosaic virus as a shuttle to drive trans-cleaving ribozymes into the organelles in human cell lines.We obtained a specific knockdown of the targeted mitochondrial ATP6 mRNA,followed by a deep drop in ATP6 protein and a functional impairment of the oxidative phosphorylation chain.Our strategy provides a powerful approach to eliminate mutant organellar transcripts and to analyse the control and communication of the human organellar genetic system.展开更多
Studies on coat protein I （COPI） have contributed to a basic understanding of how coat proteins generate vesicles to initiate intracellular transport. The core component of the COPI complex is coatomer, which is a m...Studies on coat protein I （COPI） have contributed to a basic understanding of how coat proteins generate vesicles to initiate intracellular transport. The core component of the COPI complex is coatomer, which is a multimeric complex that needs to be recruited from the cytosol to membrane in order to function in membrane bending and cargo sorting. Previous structural studies on the clathrin adaptors have found that membrane recruitment induces a large conformational change in promoting their role in cargo sorting. Here, pursuing negative-stain electron microscopy coupled with single- particle analyses, and also performing CXMS （chemical cross-linking coupled with mass spectrometry） for vali- dation, we have reconstructed the structure of coatomer in its soluble form. When compared to the previously elucidated structure of coatomer in its membrane-bound form we do not observe a large conformational change. Thus, the result uncovers a key difference between how COPI versus clathrin coats are regulated by membrane recruitment.展开更多
文摘This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of global human trafficking trends over a twenty-year period, leveraging a robust dataset from the Counter Trafficking Data Collaborative (CTDC). The study unfolds in a systematic manner, beginning with a detailed data collection phase, where ethical and legal standards for data usage and privacy are strictly observed. Following collection, the data undergoes a rigorous preprocessing stage, involving cleaning, integration, transformation, and normalization to ensure accuracy and consistency for analysis. The analytical phase employs time-series analysis to delineate historical trends and utilizes predictive modeling to forecast future trajectories of human trafficking using the advanced analytical capabilities of Power BI. A comparative analysis across regions—Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe—is conducted to identify and visualize the distribution of human trafficking, dissecting the data by victim demographics, types of exploitation, and duration of victimization. The findings of this study not only offer a descriptive and predictive outlook on trafficking patterns but also provide insights into the regional nuances that influence these trends. The article underscores the prevalence and persistence of human trafficking, identifies factors contributing to its evolution, and discusses the implications for policy and law enforcement. By integrating a methodological approach with quantitative analysis, this research contributes to the strategic planning and resource allocation for combating human trafficking. It highlights the necessity for continued research and international cooperation to effectively address and mitigate this global issue. The implications of this research are significant, offering actionable insights for policymakers, law enforcement, and advocates in the ongoing battle against human trafficking.
基金supported by a grant from the Polish Medical Research Agency(2021/ABM/05/00004)The research was further funded by grants from the Polish National Science Centre(2016/21/N/NZ1/00564)+2 种基金the French State Program‘Investments for the future’(LABEX ANR-11-LABX-0057_MITOCROSS and ANR-10-LABX-0040-SPS)the French National Research Agency(ANR-06-MRAR-037-02 and ANR-09-BLAN-0240-01)R.V.was supported by a fellowship from CNRS and the French Région Alsace.
文摘Mutations in the small genome present in mitochondria often result in severe pathologies.Different genetic strategies have been explored,aiming to rescue such mutations.A number of these strategies were based on the capacity of human mitochondria to import RNAs from the cytosol and designed to repress the replication of the mutated genomes or to provide the organelles with wild-type versions of mutant transcripts.However,the mutant RNAs present in mitochondria turned out to be an obstacle to therapy and little attention has been devoted so far to their elimination.Here,we present the development of a strategy to knockdown mitochondrial RNAs in human cells using the transfer RNA-like structure of Brome mosaic virus or Tobacco mosaic virus as a shuttle to drive trans-cleaving ribozymes into the organelles in human cell lines.We obtained a specific knockdown of the targeted mitochondrial ATP6 mRNA,followed by a deep drop in ATP6 protein and a functional impairment of the oxidative phosphorylation chain.Our strategy provides a powerful approach to eliminate mutant organellar transcripts and to analyse the control and communication of the human organellar genetic system.
文摘Studies on coat protein I （COPI） have contributed to a basic understanding of how coat proteins generate vesicles to initiate intracellular transport. The core component of the COPI complex is coatomer, which is a multimeric complex that needs to be recruited from the cytosol to membrane in order to function in membrane bending and cargo sorting. Previous structural studies on the clathrin adaptors have found that membrane recruitment induces a large conformational change in promoting their role in cargo sorting. Here, pursuing negative-stain electron microscopy coupled with single- particle analyses, and also performing CXMS （chemical cross-linking coupled with mass spectrometry） for vali- dation, we have reconstructed the structure of coatomer in its soluble form. When compared to the previously elucidated structure of coatomer in its membrane-bound form we do not observe a large conformational change. Thus, the result uncovers a key difference between how COPI versus clathrin coats are regulated by membrane recruitment.
