Vertebrate interferon(IFN)expression is fine-tuned in order to avoid excessive tissue injury under normal conditions and during virus infection.FinTRIM(fish novel TRIM,FTR)proteins are reported to regulate the fish IF...Vertebrate interferon(IFN)expression is fine-tuned in order to avoid excessive tissue injury under normal conditions and during virus infection.FinTRIM(fish novel TRIM,FTR)proteins are reported to regulate the fish IFN response.Here,we identify a novel finTRIM gene from yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco),which is sequentially named PfFTR100 according to the nomenclature rule in zebrafish.Genome-wide analyses reveal that FTR100 is unique to Otomorpha fish,with a single copy in spite of additional genome duplication in some fish species.Considering that few of the 99 finTRIM genes identified in zebrafish are conserved in main fish branches and most,such as FTR100,are unique to distinct branches due to lineage-specific expansion of finTRIM genes,we develop a nomenclature for newly cloned finTRIM genes from different fish species.PfFTR100 mRNA is not induced by virus infection,with a relatively high expression level comparable to that of cellular IFN and some IFN-stimulated genes(ISGs)in virally-infected tissues.However,ectopically-expressed PfFTR100 protein is attenuated in virally-infected cells through the proteasomal-dependent pathway.Overexpression of PfFTR100 promotes SVCV replication by downregulating the constitutive and inducible IFN response via a mechanism by which PfFTR100 targets IRF3 and IRF7 to attenuate their mRNA levels rather than their protein levels.Our results indicate that yellow catfish FTR100 is essential for homeostatic regulation of fish tonic IFN response.展开更多
The community species abundance and diversity declined with bamboo invasion had been widely reported worldwide.However,the physiological strategies used during root competition between native species and invasive bamb...The community species abundance and diversity declined with bamboo invasion had been widely reported worldwide.However,the physiological strategies used during root competition between native species and invasive bamboo are poorly understood.To clarify the mechanisms underlying such strategies,the stoichiometric dynamics and homeostasis of nitrogen,phosphorus,organic carbon in root orders of Phyllostachys edulis(I du[=Ⅰ-Pe,years 1 and 2];Ⅱdu[=Ⅱ-Pe,years 3 and 4]),Cunninghamia lanceolata in transition and pure forests were analyzed.With increasing intensity of bamboo invasion,N,P,and C content of C.lanceolata root orders declined,N and P content in P.edulis rhizome orders declined,while C increased,the stoichiometric ratios in mixed forest interface mainly increased,and the stoichiometric differences within native and invasive species root orders narrowed.Meanwhile,the stoichiometric homeostasis index(H)of elements in the same root order and even the same elements in different root orders were not consistent.H of most root orders(except some HP)was greater than 4,the H ranked order wasⅠ-Pe>Cl>Ⅱ-Pe in mixed interfaces,and the N:P ratio of most species root orders was greater than 16,despite being affected by invasion.Our research concluded that the bamboo invasion narrows stoichiometric differences within root orders,and the juvenile bamboo rhizome has a stronger capacity for homeostatic regulation than in adult bamboo and C.lanceolata,which is a key determinant of bamboo invasion success.展开更多
The core G protein signaling module,which consists of Gαand extra-large Gα(XLG)subunits coupled with the Gβγdimer,is a master regulator of various stress responses.In this study,we compared the basal and salt stre...The core G protein signaling module,which consists of Gαand extra-large Gα(XLG)subunits coupled with the Gβγdimer,is a master regulator of various stress responses.In this study,we compared the basal and salt stress-induced transcriptomic,metabolomic and phenotypic profiles in Gα,Gβ,and XLG-null mutants of two plant species,Arabidopsis thaliana and Marchantia polymorpha,and showed that G protein mediates the shift of transcriptional and metabolic homeostasis to stress readiness status.We demonstrated that such stress readiness serves as an intrinsic protection mechanism against further stressors through enhancing the phenylpropanoid pathway and abscisic acid responses.Furthermore,WRKY transcription factors were identified as key intermediates of G protein-mediated homeostatic shifts.Statistical and mathematical model comparisons between A.thaliana and M.polymorpha revealed evolutionary conservation of transcriptional and metabolic networks over land plant evolution,whereas divergence has occurred in the function of plant-specific atypical XLG subunit.Taken together,our results indicate that the shifts in transcriptional and metabolic homeostasis at least partially act as the mechanisms of G protein-coupled stress responses that are conserved between two distantly related plants.展开更多
Humans have been using Cannabis and its extracts for a few thousand years as a medicinal and recreational drug. How- ever, the chemical component in Cannabis sativa, △9-tet- rahydrocannabinol （△9-THC）, an exogenou...Humans have been using Cannabis and its extracts for a few thousand years as a medicinal and recreational drug. How- ever, the chemical component in Cannabis sativa, △9-tet- rahydrocannabinol （△9-THC）, an exogenous cannabinoid, remained unknown until it was isolated and identified as the main psychoactive ingredient （Gaoni and Mechoulam, 1964）.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Normal male aging is associated with declines in levels of the sex steroid hormone testosterone. A large body of evidence supports a neurotrophic role for testosterone in central nervous system. Lipoprotein ...OBJECTIVE Normal male aging is associated with declines in levels of the sex steroid hormone testosterone. A large body of evidence supports a neurotrophic role for testosterone in central nervous system. Lipoprotein lipase(LPL) is also expressed in the brain with highest levels found in the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus, we previous reported LPL-deficient mice exhibited memory disfunction. Testosterone is known to be largely converted to estradiol following aromatization within the hippocampus. Although testosterone has been implicated in lipid metabolism, it remains elusive whether testosterone can regulate brain LPL through DNA methylation mechanism. In order to clarify DNA methylation control exerted by testosterone over LPL gene in central nervous system, and its effect on lipid metabolism, we examined the adult male rat hippocampus to determine whether castration induced testosterone deficiency can affect lipid profile and LPL gene expression through its altered methylation pattern. METHODS Model of aging with declines in levels of the sex steroid hormone testosterone was performed as our previous description. RESULTS(1) Serum testosterone and brain testosterone levels were significantly decreased, which were restored to the control level after testosterone replacement,respectively(P<0.01);(2) Androgen deficiency was not found in Morris water maze and motor performance, however, androgen deficiency increases neurological and cognitive impairment in aged rats.(3)Decreased expression of olfactory marker protein(OMP) in olfactory bulb of SD rats treated with androgen deficiency.(4) The expression of Fox O3 and OMP in the olfactory bulb of androgen deficient rats was down-regulated, accompanied by dysfunction of the olfactory limbic system.(5) Decreased LPL m RNA level and inversely increased LPL promoter methylation level were observed following androgen deficiency and reserved by testosterone replacement.(6) In contrast, androgen deficiency slightly increased estrogen receptor beta(ERβ) m RNA levels and展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1000302)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA24010308)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation(31972826 and 32102838)the Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Laboratory(2019FBZ04).
文摘Vertebrate interferon(IFN)expression is fine-tuned in order to avoid excessive tissue injury under normal conditions and during virus infection.FinTRIM(fish novel TRIM,FTR)proteins are reported to regulate the fish IFN response.Here,we identify a novel finTRIM gene from yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco),which is sequentially named PfFTR100 according to the nomenclature rule in zebrafish.Genome-wide analyses reveal that FTR100 is unique to Otomorpha fish,with a single copy in spite of additional genome duplication in some fish species.Considering that few of the 99 finTRIM genes identified in zebrafish are conserved in main fish branches and most,such as FTR100,are unique to distinct branches due to lineage-specific expansion of finTRIM genes,we develop a nomenclature for newly cloned finTRIM genes from different fish species.PfFTR100 mRNA is not induced by virus infection,with a relatively high expression level comparable to that of cellular IFN and some IFN-stimulated genes(ISGs)in virally-infected tissues.However,ectopically-expressed PfFTR100 protein is attenuated in virally-infected cells through the proteasomal-dependent pathway.Overexpression of PfFTR100 promotes SVCV replication by downregulating the constitutive and inducible IFN response via a mechanism by which PfFTR100 targets IRF3 and IRF7 to attenuate their mRNA levels rather than their protein levels.Our results indicate that yellow catfish FTR100 is essential for homeostatic regulation of fish tonic IFN response.
基金the Forestry Science and Technology Plan Project of Hunan Province(XLK201809)。
文摘The community species abundance and diversity declined with bamboo invasion had been widely reported worldwide.However,the physiological strategies used during root competition between native species and invasive bamboo are poorly understood.To clarify the mechanisms underlying such strategies,the stoichiometric dynamics and homeostasis of nitrogen,phosphorus,organic carbon in root orders of Phyllostachys edulis(I du[=Ⅰ-Pe,years 1 and 2];Ⅱdu[=Ⅱ-Pe,years 3 and 4]),Cunninghamia lanceolata in transition and pure forests were analyzed.With increasing intensity of bamboo invasion,N,P,and C content of C.lanceolata root orders declined,N and P content in P.edulis rhizome orders declined,while C increased,the stoichiometric ratios in mixed forest interface mainly increased,and the stoichiometric differences within native and invasive species root orders narrowed.Meanwhile,the stoichiometric homeostasis index(H)of elements in the same root order and even the same elements in different root orders were not consistent.H of most root orders(except some HP)was greater than 4,the H ranked order wasⅠ-Pe>Cl>Ⅱ-Pe in mixed interfaces,and the N:P ratio of most species root orders was greater than 16,despite being affected by invasion.Our research concluded that the bamboo invasion narrows stoichiometric differences within root orders,and the juvenile bamboo rhizome has a stronger capacity for homeostatic regulation than in adult bamboo and C.lanceolata,which is a key determinant of bamboo invasion success.
基金This study was supported by the Agency for Science,Technology and Research(A*STAR)Singapore under the Industry Alignment Fund Pre-positioning Program,the High Performance Precision Agriculture(HiPPA)system(A19E4a0101)the Singapore-MIT Aliance for Research and Technology,and Disruptive&Sustainable Technologies for Agricul-tural Precision(DISTAP)(to D.U.)a discovery grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(ARGPIN-2020-07097)(to K-LL)。
文摘The core G protein signaling module,which consists of Gαand extra-large Gα(XLG)subunits coupled with the Gβγdimer,is a master regulator of various stress responses.In this study,we compared the basal and salt stress-induced transcriptomic,metabolomic and phenotypic profiles in Gα,Gβ,and XLG-null mutants of two plant species,Arabidopsis thaliana and Marchantia polymorpha,and showed that G protein mediates the shift of transcriptional and metabolic homeostasis to stress readiness status.We demonstrated that such stress readiness serves as an intrinsic protection mechanism against further stressors through enhancing the phenylpropanoid pathway and abscisic acid responses.Furthermore,WRKY transcription factors were identified as key intermediates of G protein-mediated homeostatic shifts.Statistical and mathematical model comparisons between A.thaliana and M.polymorpha revealed evolutionary conservation of transcriptional and metabolic networks over land plant evolution,whereas divergence has occurred in the function of plant-specific atypical XLG subunit.Taken together,our results indicate that the shifts in transcriptional and metabolic homeostasis at least partially act as the mechanisms of G protein-coupled stress responses that are conserved between two distantly related plants.
基金supported by National Institutes of Health grants NS076815
文摘Humans have been using Cannabis and its extracts for a few thousand years as a medicinal and recreational drug. How- ever, the chemical component in Cannabis sativa, △9-tet- rahydrocannabinol （△9-THC）, an exogenous cannabinoid, remained unknown until it was isolated and identified as the main psychoactive ingredient （Gaoni and Mechoulam, 1964）.
基金NBRD Program of China(2016YFC1306302 2016YFC1305903)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81571044 81471633 61450004 and 81171015)
文摘OBJECTIVE Normal male aging is associated with declines in levels of the sex steroid hormone testosterone. A large body of evidence supports a neurotrophic role for testosterone in central nervous system. Lipoprotein lipase(LPL) is also expressed in the brain with highest levels found in the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus, we previous reported LPL-deficient mice exhibited memory disfunction. Testosterone is known to be largely converted to estradiol following aromatization within the hippocampus. Although testosterone has been implicated in lipid metabolism, it remains elusive whether testosterone can regulate brain LPL through DNA methylation mechanism. In order to clarify DNA methylation control exerted by testosterone over LPL gene in central nervous system, and its effect on lipid metabolism, we examined the adult male rat hippocampus to determine whether castration induced testosterone deficiency can affect lipid profile and LPL gene expression through its altered methylation pattern. METHODS Model of aging with declines in levels of the sex steroid hormone testosterone was performed as our previous description. RESULTS(1) Serum testosterone and brain testosterone levels were significantly decreased, which were restored to the control level after testosterone replacement,respectively(P<0.01);(2) Androgen deficiency was not found in Morris water maze and motor performance, however, androgen deficiency increases neurological and cognitive impairment in aged rats.(3)Decreased expression of olfactory marker protein(OMP) in olfactory bulb of SD rats treated with androgen deficiency.(4) The expression of Fox O3 and OMP in the olfactory bulb of androgen deficient rats was down-regulated, accompanied by dysfunction of the olfactory limbic system.(5) Decreased LPL m RNA level and inversely increased LPL promoter methylation level were observed following androgen deficiency and reserved by testosterone replacement.(6) In contrast, androgen deficiency slightly increased estrogen receptor beta(ERβ) m RNA levels and
