The location pattern of different commercial stores in Shichahai, a historic conservation area in Beijing, was investigated from a street centrality perspective. Many previous studies have investigated the relationshi...The location pattern of different commercial stores in Shichahai, a historic conservation area in Beijing, was investigated from a street centrality perspective. Many previous studies have investigated the relationship between street centrality and land use patterns or commercial activities at interurban or intraurban scales. We considered Shichahai in this study to determine if street centrality applied at the street scale and if the street network was the only factor influencing the selection of store location. First, the nearest neighbor index, nearest neighbor hierarchical spatial cluster(NNHSC), and kernel density estimation(KDE) methods were used to provide baseline spatial distributions of commercial stores. Second, urban network analysis(UNA) tools were used to measure the street centrality indices under two conditions, with and without the weighting of cultural relics calculated by a principal component analysis(PCA). Finally, both store locations and centrality values at nodes were transformed to one unit(raster pixel) for a correlation analysis.The results showed that three of the four store types were clustered and had their own hotspots that were mostly located in the eastern and central parts of city blocks. The most momentous findings were determined from the street centrality indices. Among the three store types with correlation coefficients above 0.5, all centrality indices with landmark weighting, except straightness, had higher correlations,with closeness with landmark weighting having the highest correlation, followed by betweenness with landmark weighting. Therefore,we statistically concluded that street centrality could apply at the street scale and that the street network was not the only factor that influenced store location pattern, with landmarks also playing a significant role. The results provide guidance in determining the selection strategy for stores in a historic conservation area.展开更多
西南地区处于青藏高原东缘川滇、巴颜喀拉和华南三大活动块体的交接部位,是我国地震活动最强烈的地区之一.然而该区大多数历史地震震源参数均存在缺失或者不准确的问题.本文主要通过以下三点工作:(1)基于西南地区地震地质及区域构造应...西南地区处于青藏高原东缘川滇、巴颜喀拉和华南三大活动块体的交接部位,是我国地震活动最强烈的地区之一.然而该区大多数历史地震震源参数均存在缺失或者不准确的问题.本文主要通过以下三点工作:(1)基于西南地区地震地质及区域构造应力场研究结果,推断了西南地区M≥6.0的部分历史地震(1900年至1970年)断层面参数,并对结果的不确定性进行了分析,发现该推断断层面参数的方法在西南地区复杂的构造应力场条件下的适用程度有限;(2)使用1900年至1970年之间Shide Circulars(British Association for the Advancement ofScience,Seismological Committee(BAASSC),1900—1912),《国际地震资料汇编》(ISS)和EHB Bulletin的P波和S波到时,对该时间范围内41个地震事件重新定位,得到了其中32个地震事件的可靠定位结果;(3)使用1933年(ISS从1933年开始收录P波初动记录)至1970年之间ISS的P波初动,对该时间范围内的29个地震事件求解震源机制解,得到了其中14个地震事件的震源机制解的可靠结果,从而丰富了西南地区1900年来历史强震目录震源参数资料.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51478007,51178016)Project of Fundamental Research of Chinese Cultural Heritage Research Institute(No.2016-JBKY-08)
文摘The location pattern of different commercial stores in Shichahai, a historic conservation area in Beijing, was investigated from a street centrality perspective. Many previous studies have investigated the relationship between street centrality and land use patterns or commercial activities at interurban or intraurban scales. We considered Shichahai in this study to determine if street centrality applied at the street scale and if the street network was the only factor influencing the selection of store location. First, the nearest neighbor index, nearest neighbor hierarchical spatial cluster(NNHSC), and kernel density estimation(KDE) methods were used to provide baseline spatial distributions of commercial stores. Second, urban network analysis(UNA) tools were used to measure the street centrality indices under two conditions, with and without the weighting of cultural relics calculated by a principal component analysis(PCA). Finally, both store locations and centrality values at nodes were transformed to one unit(raster pixel) for a correlation analysis.The results showed that three of the four store types were clustered and had their own hotspots that were mostly located in the eastern and central parts of city blocks. The most momentous findings were determined from the street centrality indices. Among the three store types with correlation coefficients above 0.5, all centrality indices with landmark weighting, except straightness, had higher correlations,with closeness with landmark weighting having the highest correlation, followed by betweenness with landmark weighting. Therefore,we statistically concluded that street centrality could apply at the street scale and that the street network was not the only factor that influenced store location pattern, with landmarks also playing a significant role. The results provide guidance in determining the selection strategy for stores in a historic conservation area.
文摘西南地区处于青藏高原东缘川滇、巴颜喀拉和华南三大活动块体的交接部位,是我国地震活动最强烈的地区之一.然而该区大多数历史地震震源参数均存在缺失或者不准确的问题.本文主要通过以下三点工作:(1)基于西南地区地震地质及区域构造应力场研究结果,推断了西南地区M≥6.0的部分历史地震(1900年至1970年)断层面参数,并对结果的不确定性进行了分析,发现该推断断层面参数的方法在西南地区复杂的构造应力场条件下的适用程度有限;(2)使用1900年至1970年之间Shide Circulars(British Association for the Advancement ofScience,Seismological Committee(BAASSC),1900—1912),《国际地震资料汇编》(ISS)和EHB Bulletin的P波和S波到时,对该时间范围内41个地震事件重新定位,得到了其中32个地震事件的可靠定位结果;(3)使用1933年(ISS从1933年开始收录P波初动记录)至1970年之间ISS的P波初动,对该时间范围内的29个地震事件求解震源机制解,得到了其中14个地震事件的震源机制解的可靠结果,从而丰富了西南地区1900年来历史强震目录震源参数资料.
