A fixed-geometry two-dimensional mixed-compression supersonic inlet with sweep-forward high-light and bleed slot in an inverted ＂X＂-form layout was tested in a wind tunnel. Results indicate： （1） with increases of...A fixed-geometry two-dimensional mixed-compression supersonic inlet with sweep-forward high-light and bleed slot in an inverted ＂X＂-form layout was tested in a wind tunnel. Results indicate： （1） with increases of the free stream Mach number, the total pressure recovery decreases, while the mass flow ratio increases to the maximum at the design point and then decreases; （2） when the angle of attack, a, is less than 6°, the total pressure recovery of both side inlets tends to decrease, but, on the lee side inlet, its values are higher than those on the windward side inlet, and the mass flow ratio on lee side inlet increases first and then falls, while on the windward side it keeps declining slowly with the sum of mass flow on both sides remaining almost constant; （3） with the attack angle, a, rising from 6° to 9°, both total pressure recovery and mass flow ratio on the lee side inlet fall quickly, but on the windward side inlet can be observed decreases in the total pressure recovery and increases in the mass flow ratio; （4） by comparing the velocity and back pressure characterristics of the inlet with a bleed slot to those of the inlet without, it stands to reason that the existence of a bleed slot has not only widened the steady working range of inlet, but also made an enormous improvement in its performance at high Mach numbers. Besides, this paper also presents an example to show how this type of inlet is designed.展开更多
High-light stress strongly limits agricultural production in subtropical and tropical regions owing to photo-oxidative damage,decreased growth,and decreased yield.Here,we investigated whether beneficial mi-crobes can p...High-light stress strongly limits agricultural production in subtropical and tropical regions owing to photo-oxidative damage,decreased growth,and decreased yield.Here,we investigated whether beneficial mi-crobes can protect plants under high-light stress.We found that Enterobacter sp.SA187(SA187)supports the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana under high-light stress by reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and maintaining photosynthesis.Under high-light stress,SA187 triggers dynamic changes in the expression of Arabidopsis genes related to fortified iron metabolism and redox regulation,thereby enhancing the antioxidative glutathione/glutaredoxin redox system of the plant.Genetic analysis showed that the enhancement of iron and sulfur metabolism by SA187 is coordinated by ethylene signaling.In sum-mary,beneficial microbes could be an effective and inexpensive means of enhancing high-light-stress tolerance in plants.展开更多
Development and utilization of“liquid sunshine”could be one of key solutions to deal with the issues of fossil fuel depletion and increasing carbon dioxide.Cyanobacteria are the only prokaryotes capable of performin...Development and utilization of“liquid sunshine”could be one of key solutions to deal with the issues of fossil fuel depletion and increasing carbon dioxide.Cyanobacteria are the only prokaryotes capable of performing oxygenic photosynthesis,and their activity accounts for~25%of the total carbon fixation on earth.More importantly,besides their traditional roles as primary producers,cyanobacteria could be modified as“photosynthetic cell factories”to produce renewable fuels and chemicals directly from CO_(2) driven by solar energy,with the aid of cutting-edging synthetic biology technology.Towards their large-scale biotechnological application in the future,many challenges still need to be properly addressed,among which is cyanobacterial cell factories inevitably suffer from high light(HL)stress during large-scale outdoor cultivation,resulting in photodamage and even cell death,limiting their productivity.In this review,we critically summarized recent progress on deciphering molecular mechanisms to HL and developing HL-tolerant chassis in cyanobacteria,aiming at facilitating construction of HLresistant chassis and promote the future application of the large-scale outdoor cultivation of cyanobacterial cell factories.Finally,the future directions on cyanobacterial chassis engineering were discussed.展开更多
平方公里阵SKA(Square Kilometre Array)是计划建造的世界最大综合孔径射电望远镜,致力于回答宇宙起源和基本力等问题.自1993年概念提出,全球已有20个国家67个科研机构的天文学家和工程师参与SKA预研究.中国在SKA发起、选址、工程概念...平方公里阵SKA(Square Kilometre Array)是计划建造的世界最大综合孔径射电望远镜,致力于回答宇宙起源和基本力等问题.自1993年概念提出,全球已有20个国家67个科研机构的天文学家和工程师参与SKA预研究.中国在SKA发起、选址、工程概念及技术研发等方面起到了重要推进作用.目前SKA已进入建设准备阶段,包括中国在内的许多国家正在进行先导天线、相位阵馈源等SKA关键技术试验研究.中国持续参与SKA国际合作,组建团队探索有限科学目标、致力于高精度轻型天线设计与工艺研究、宽频带大视场接收机技术研究,将跨越式提升我国天文学和技术水平、我国工程和制造业水平,实现国际重大科学工程的"中国创造"里程碑.其可行性已通过多方分析和论证,SKA是中国参与21世纪国际重大科学工程千载难逢的机遇.展开更多
文摘A fixed-geometry two-dimensional mixed-compression supersonic inlet with sweep-forward high-light and bleed slot in an inverted ＂X＂-form layout was tested in a wind tunnel. Results indicate： （1） with increases of the free stream Mach number, the total pressure recovery decreases, while the mass flow ratio increases to the maximum at the design point and then decreases; （2） when the angle of attack, a, is less than 6°, the total pressure recovery of both side inlets tends to decrease, but, on the lee side inlet, its values are higher than those on the windward side inlet, and the mass flow ratio on lee side inlet increases first and then falls, while on the windward side it keeps declining slowly with the sum of mass flow on both sides remaining almost constant; （3） with the attack angle, a, rising from 6° to 9°, both total pressure recovery and mass flow ratio on the lee side inlet fall quickly, but on the windward side inlet can be observed decreases in the total pressure recovery and increases in the mass flow ratio; （4） by comparing the velocity and back pressure characterristics of the inlet with a bleed slot to those of the inlet without, it stands to reason that the existence of a bleed slot has not only widened the steady working range of inlet, but also made an enormous improvement in its performance at high Mach numbers. Besides, this paper also presents an example to show how this type of inlet is designed.
基金King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)base fund for H.H.no.BAS/1/1062-01-01.J.-P.R.was supported by the Agropolis Fondation(Flagship Project CalClim grant no.1802-002).
文摘High-light stress strongly limits agricultural production in subtropical and tropical regions owing to photo-oxidative damage,decreased growth,and decreased yield.Here,we investigated whether beneficial mi-crobes can protect plants under high-light stress.We found that Enterobacter sp.SA187(SA187)supports the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana under high-light stress by reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and maintaining photosynthesis.Under high-light stress,SA187 triggers dynamic changes in the expression of Arabidopsis genes related to fortified iron metabolism and redox regulation,thereby enhancing the antioxidative glutathione/glutaredoxin redox system of the plant.Genetic analysis showed that the enhancement of iron and sulfur metabolism by SA187 is coordinated by ethylene signaling.In sum-mary,beneficial microbes could be an effective and inexpensive means of enhancing high-light-stress tolerance in plants.
基金This research was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0904600,2018YFA0903600,2020YFA0906800 and 2018YFA0903000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31770035,31972931,91751102,31770100,31901017,31901016,32070083 and 21621004)Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Capacity Improvement Project(No.TSBICIP-KJGG-007).
文摘Development and utilization of“liquid sunshine”could be one of key solutions to deal with the issues of fossil fuel depletion and increasing carbon dioxide.Cyanobacteria are the only prokaryotes capable of performing oxygenic photosynthesis,and their activity accounts for~25%of the total carbon fixation on earth.More importantly,besides their traditional roles as primary producers,cyanobacteria could be modified as“photosynthetic cell factories”to produce renewable fuels and chemicals directly from CO_(2) driven by solar energy,with the aid of cutting-edging synthetic biology technology.Towards their large-scale biotechnological application in the future,many challenges still need to be properly addressed,among which is cyanobacterial cell factories inevitably suffer from high light(HL)stress during large-scale outdoor cultivation,resulting in photodamage and even cell death,limiting their productivity.In this review,we critically summarized recent progress on deciphering molecular mechanisms to HL and developing HL-tolerant chassis in cyanobacteria,aiming at facilitating construction of HLresistant chassis and promote the future application of the large-scale outdoor cultivation of cyanobacterial cell factories.Finally,the future directions on cyanobacterial chassis engineering were discussed.
文摘平方公里阵SKA(Square Kilometre Array)是计划建造的世界最大综合孔径射电望远镜,致力于回答宇宙起源和基本力等问题.自1993年概念提出,全球已有20个国家67个科研机构的天文学家和工程师参与SKA预研究.中国在SKA发起、选址、工程概念及技术研发等方面起到了重要推进作用.目前SKA已进入建设准备阶段,包括中国在内的许多国家正在进行先导天线、相位阵馈源等SKA关键技术试验研究.中国持续参与SKA国际合作,组建团队探索有限科学目标、致力于高精度轻型天线设计与工艺研究、宽频带大视场接收机技术研究,将跨越式提升我国天文学和技术水平、我国工程和制造业水平,实现国际重大科学工程的"中国创造"里程碑.其可行性已通过多方分析和论证,SKA是中国参与21世纪国际重大科学工程千载难逢的机遇.
