Today,nanocrystals enclosed by high-index facets(HIFs)are attracting widely attentions of researchers due to their tremendous potential in the field of catalysis,especially in electrocatalysis,such as electro-oxidatio...Today,nanocrystals enclosed by high-index facets(HIFs)are attracting widely attentions of researchers due to their tremendous potential in the field of catalysis,especially in electrocatalysis,such as electro-oxidation of small organic molecule(such as formic acid,methanol,and ethanol),oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),as well as the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).However,the practical applications of nanocrystals enclosed by HIFs still face many limitations in preparations of advanced electrocatalysts,including preparation strategy,limited life-time and stability.The development of advanced electrocatalysts enclosed with HIFs is crucial for solving these problems if the large-scale application of them is to be realized.Herein,we firstly detailedly demonstrate the identification methods of nanocrystals enclosed by HIFs,and then preparation strategies are elaborated in detail in this review.Current advanced nanocrystals enclosed by HIFs in electrocatalytic application are also summarized and we present representative achievements to further reveal the relationship of excellent electrocatalytic performance and nanocrystals with HIFs.Finally,we predict the remaining challenges and present our perspectives with regards of design strategies of improving electrocatalytic performance of Ptbased catalysts in the future.展开更多
The development of highly efficient Pt-based alloy nanocatalysts is important but remains challenging for fuel cells commercialization.Here,a new class of zigzag-like platinum-zinc (Pt-Zn) alloy nanowires (NWs) with r...The development of highly efficient Pt-based alloy nanocatalysts is important but remains challenging for fuel cells commercialization.Here,a new class of zigzag-like platinum-zinc (Pt-Zn) alloy nanowires (NWs) with rough surface and controllable composition is reported.The merits of anisotropic one-dimensional nanostructure,stable high-index facets and coordinatively unsaturated Pt sites endow the composition-optimal Pt94Zn6 NWs with a mass activity of 7.2 and 6.2 times higher than that of commercial Pt black catalysts toward methanol/ethanol oxidation,respectively.Alloying-induced d-band electron modulation and lattice strain effects weaken the adsorption strength of poisoning species,which originally enhances the catalytic activity of Pt-Zn NWs.This study provides a new perspective of Pt-Zn electrocatalysts with intrinsic mechanism for enhanced catalytic performance.展开更多
Surface engineering is known as an effective strategy to enhance the catalytic properties of Pt-based nanomaterials.Herein,we report on surface engineering Ni-Pt nanoalloys with a facile method by varying the Ni dopin...Surface engineering is known as an effective strategy to enhance the catalytic properties of Pt-based nanomaterials.Herein,we report on surface engineering Ni-Pt nanoalloys with a facile method by varying the Ni doping concentration and oleylamine/oleicacid surfactant-mix.The alloy-composition,exposed facet condition,and surface lattice strain are,thereby manipulated to optimize the catalytic efficiency of such nanoalloys for methanol oxidation reaction(MOR).Exemplary nanoalloys including Ni_(0.69)Pt_(0.31)truncated octahedrons,Ni_(0.45)Pt_(0.55)nanomultipods and Ni_(0.20)Pt_(0.80)nanoflowers are thoroughly characterized,with a commercial Pt/C catalyst as a common benchmark.Their variations in MOR catalytic efficiency are significant:2.2 A/mgPt for Ni_(0.20)Pt_(0.80)nanoflowers,1.2 A/mgPt for Ni_(0.45)Pt_(0.55)nanomultipods,0.7 A/mgPt for Ni_(0.69)Pt_(0.31)truncated octahedrons,and 0.6 A/mgPt for the commercial Pt/C catalysts.Assisted by density functional theory calculations,we correlate these observed catalysis-variations particularly to the intriguing presence of surface interplanar-strains,such as{111}facets with an interplanar-tensile-strain of 2.6%and{200}facets with an interplanar-tensile-strain of 3.5%,on the Ni_(0.20)Pt_(0.80)nanoflowers.展开更多
Cu-based electrocatalysts have provoked much attention for their high activity and selectivity in carbon dioxide(CO_(2))conversion into multi-carbon hydrocarbons.However,during the electrochemical reaction,Cu catalyst...Cu-based electrocatalysts have provoked much attention for their high activity and selectivity in carbon dioxide(CO_(2))conversion into multi-carbon hydrocarbons.However,during the electrochemical reaction,Cu catalysts inevitably undergo surface reconstruction whose impact on CO_(2)conversion performance remains contentious.Here we report that polycrystalline Cu nanoparticles(denoted as Cu-s)with rich high-index facets,derived from Cu_(2−x)S through desulphurization and surface reconstruction,offer an excellent platform for investigating the role of surface reconstruction in electrocatalytic CO_(2)conversion.During the formation of Cu-s catalyst,the two stages of desulphurization and surface reconstruction can be clearly resolved by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and OH−adsorption characterizations,which are well correlated with the changes in electrocatalytic performance.It turns out that the high CO_(2)conversion performance,achieved by the Cu-s catalyst(Faradic efficiency of 68.6%and partial current density of 40.8 mA/cm^(2)in H-cell toward C_(2)H_(4)production),is attributed to the increased percentage of high-index facets in Cu-s during the surface reconstruction.Furthermore,the operando electrochemical Raman spectroscopy further reveals that the conversion of the CO_(2)into the C_(2)H_(4)on Cu-s is intermediated by the production of*COCHO.Our findings manifest that the surface reconstruction is an effective method for tuning the reaction intermediate of the CO_(2)conversion toward high-value multicarbon(C2+)chemicals,and highlight the significance of in situ characterizations in enhancing the understanding of the surface structure and its role in electrocatalysis.展开更多
Photocatalysis has been a research hotspot in recent years,and the design and modification of photocat-alysts have been the key points.Common methods for designing photocatalysts,including constructing heterojunctions...Photocatalysis has been a research hotspot in recent years,and the design and modification of photocat-alysts have been the key points.Common methods for designing photocatalysts,including constructing heterojunctions and homojunctions,have been developed on the basis of heterojunctions.In this study,two homojunctions of manganese dioxide(MnO_(2)),including a high-index crystal plane homojunction and a general homojunction,are prepared using a stepwise hydrothermal method.Using a capping agent,the high-index crystal surface of the MnO_(2)is exposed.It is found that the electron transport efficiency be-tween the two components of the homojunction with high-index planes is higher and the adsorption capacity of the oxygen is stronger,which leads to higher photocatalytic efficiency.In addition,the newly designed high-index homojunction is used for the treatment of bacterial infections,and it kills Staphy-lococcus aureus(S.aureus)and Escherichia coli(E.coli)at rates of 99.95%±0.04%and 99.31%±0.25%,respectively.It also has excellent therapeutic effects on mouse wounds,which implies superb practical application value.This work provides a new strategy for the improved design of homojunctions and the application of photocatalytic materials.展开更多
Electroreduction of carbon dioxide into fuels and feedstocks with renewable energy is an attractive route to mitigate carbon emission and solve energy crisis.However,how to improve the selectivity of high‐value multi...Electroreduction of carbon dioxide into fuels and feedstocks with renewable energy is an attractive route to mitigate carbon emission and solve energy crisis.However,how to improve the selectivity of high‐value multicarbon products is still challenging.Here,we demonstrate that the high‐index crystalline surface of copper could be designed and obtained through a simple square‐wave potential treatment on copper nanowires,which is beneficial to improve the selectivity of multi‐carbon products,especially the reaction route towards ethylene.The Faradaic efficiency of C_(2+)products can reach nearly 60%,and hydrogen can be suppressed to below 20%.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that(311)high‐index facet can activate CO_(2) effectively and promote adsorption of the*COCOH intermediate on copper for ethylene formation,therefore improves the selectivity of ethylene and inhibits the competing hydrogen evolution reaction.This method can be extended to the design of other catalytic systems and has inspirations for other electrochemical catalytic reactions.展开更多
Bimetallic PtxCuy nanocrystals （NCs） with well-defined hexa-pod morphology were synthesized via a wet chemistry approach. The as-synthesized convex NCs with dimensions of around 20 nm show exposed low-index （111） ...Bimetallic PtxCuy nanocrystals （NCs） with well-defined hexa-pod morphology were synthesized via a wet chemistry approach. The as-synthesized convex NCs with dimensions of around 20 nm show exposed low-index （111） facets on the seeds and various high-index facets on the pods. The growth mechanism involved preferred growth along the 〈100〉 crystallographic direction on cuboctahedral seeds. The synthetic protocol could be applied to the synthesis of PtxCuy NCs with various Cu/Pt ratios. The electro-catalytic activity of the hexa-pod PtxCuy NCs supported on carbon black towards the oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） was studied. The hexa-pod PtCu2/C catalysts exhibit the highest specific activity （3.7 mA/cm^2pt） and mass activity （2.4 A/mget） reported to date for PtxCuy. Comparison with other morphological forms of PtxCuy indicated that the enhanced activity originated from morphological factors. The existence of high-index facets as well as abundant edges and steps on the pods could reasonably explain the enhanced catalytic activity. The hexa-pod PtxCuy/C catalysts also show high morphological stability and activity after accelerated durability tests. The as-synthesized hexa-pod PtxCuy NCs have high potential as cathode electro-catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells.展开更多
Removal of trace heavy metal ions puts high demands on designing adsorbents with favorable surfaces.Crystal-plane engineering can provide controllable adsorption energy between surficial planes and adsorbents.Herein,w...Removal of trace heavy metal ions puts high demands on designing adsorbents with favorable surfaces.Crystal-plane engineering can provide controllable adsorption energy between surficial planes and adsorbents.Herein,we have creatively synthesized Mg-doped CaCO_(3)nanoarchitectures assembled by layered sheets(Mg-CaCO_(3)LSs)with high-index facets of(441)through a facile wet chemical process.Adsorption tests reveal that the layer-bylayer assembled sample exhibits a maximum Pb(II)adsorption capacity of 1961.9 mg·g^(-1),agreeing with the monolayer-adsorption Langmuir model.At an initial Pb(II)ion concentration of 20 mg·L^(-1),the adsorption can achieve a high removal rate near 99.0%within 1 min,and the adsorption kinetics follows a chemisorption pseudo-second-order model.Interestingly,the Mg-CaCO_(3)LSs show much-improved adsorption properties towards low-concentration Pb(II)ions,which could reduce the concentration from 1 mg·L^(-1)to~2.9μg·L^(-1)in 3 h(within 30 min decrease to less than 10μg·L^(-1),meeting drinking water standard from WHO).For comparison,the commercial CaCO_(3)and collected CaCO_(3)scale show much lower adsorption values with Pb(Ⅱ)ion residual concentration of~935.0 and~944.9μg·L^(-1)in 3 h,respectively.Xray diffraction(XRD),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and inductively coupled plasma(ICP)characterizations on the Mg-CaCO_(3)LSs before and after adsorbing Pb(Ⅱ)confirm that the high removal performance could be ascribed to fast metal ion exchange and excellent physical adsorption contributed by high-index planes.The density functional theory(DFT)calculations also confirm that the much-enhanced adsorption kinetics benefits from the optimal adsorption of the(441)planes.This work will provide a feasible route to design highefficient low-cost adsorbents through crystal-plane engineering.展开更多
Gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)have demonstrated great potential in chemical and biological sensing,catalysis,biomedicine,X-ray computed tomography,and other applications,owing to their unique properties.Au NPs with high-i...Gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)have demonstrated great potential in chemical and biological sensing,catalysis,biomedicine,X-ray computed tomography,and other applications,owing to their unique properties.Au NPs with high-index facets have attracted more attention in the past decade owing to their superior electrocatalytic activity in fuel cells and enhanced performance in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)applications.This review presents an overview of our achievements in the direct synthesis of Au NPs with controlled shapes in water using cationic surfactants.By deliberately adjusting the nature of the surfactant stabilizers,preformed Au NPs with simple shapes can be readily transformed into Au NPs with complicated shapes with controlled high-index facets by simple seeded growth.The high-index facets of the as-prepared Au NPs can be consistently correlated with their superior performance in the electrooxidation of methanol and ethanol and their enhanced SERS activity.展开更多
Noble-metal nanocrystals enclosed by high-index facets are of growing interest due to their enhanced catalytic performance in a variety of reactions.Herein,we report the deterministic synthesis of Pd nanocrystals enca...Noble-metal nanocrystals enclosed by high-index facets are of growing interest due to their enhanced catalytic performance in a variety of reactions.Herein,we report the deterministic synthesis of Pd nanocrystals encased by high-index facets by controlling the rate of deposition(V_(deposition))relative to that of surface diffusion(V_(diffusion)).For octahedral seeds with truncated corners,a reduction rate(and thus deposition rate)faster than that of surface diffusion(i.e.,V_(deposition)/V_(diffusion)>1)led to the formation of concave trisoctahedra(TOH)with high-index facets.When the reduction was slowed down,in contrast,surface diffusion dominated the growth pathway.In the case of V_(deposition)/V_(diffusion)≈1,truncated octahedra with enlarged sizes were produced.When the reduction rate was between these two extremes,we obtained concave tetrahexahedra(THH)without or with truncation.Similar growth patterns were also observed for the cuboctahedral seeds.When the Pd octahedra,concave TOH,and concave THH were tested for electrocatalyzing the formic acid oxidation(FAO)reaction,those with high-index facets were advantageous over the conventional Pd octahedra enclosed by{111}facets.This work not only contributes to the understanding of surface diffusion and its role in nanocrystal growth but also offers a general protocol for the synthesis of nanocrystals enclosed by high-index facets.展开更多
Surface engineering has been found to be an efficient strategy to boost the catalytic performance of noble-metal-based nanocatalysts.In this work,a small amount of P was doped to the surface of PtNi concave cube(P-PtN...Surface engineering has been found to be an efficient strategy to boost the catalytic performance of noble-metal-based nanocatalysts.In this work,a small amount of P was doped to the surface of PtNi concave cube(P-PtNi CNC).Interestingly,the P-PtNi CNC nanocatalyst shows an enhanced methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)performance with achieving 8.19 times of specific activity than that of comercial Pt/C.The electrochemical in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)results reveal that the surface P doping promotes the adsorption energy of OH,enhancing the resistance against CO poisoning.Therefore,the intermediate adsorbed CO(COads)reacted with adsorbed OH(OHads)through the Langmuir–Hinshelwood(LH)mechanism to generate CO_(2)and release surface active sites for further adsorption.This work provides a promising strategy via the incorporation of non-metallic elements into the PtNi alloys bounded with high-index facets(HIFs)as efficient fuel cell catalysts.展开更多
Precisely regulating of the surface structure of crystalline materials to improve their catalytic activity for lithium polysulfides is urgently needed for high-performance lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.Herein,high-ind...Precisely regulating of the surface structure of crystalline materials to improve their catalytic activity for lithium polysulfides is urgently needed for high-performance lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.Herein,high-index faceted iron oxide(Fe_(2)O_(3))nanocrystals anchored on reduced graphene oxide are developed as highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts,effectively improving the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries.The theoretical and experimental results all indicate that high-index Fe_(2)O_(3)crystal facets with abundant unsaturated coordinated Fe sites not only have strong adsorption capacity to anchor polysulfides but also have high catalytic activity to facilitate the redox transformation of polysulfides and reduce the decomposition energy barrier of Li_(2)S.The Li-S batteries with these bifunctional electrocatalysts exhibit high initial capacity of 1521 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C and excellent cycling performance with a low capacity fading of 0.025%per cycle during 1600 cycles at 2 C.Even with a high sulfur loading of 9.41 mg cm^(-2),a remarkable areal capacity of 7.61 mAh cm^(-2)was maintained after 85 cycles.This work provides a new strategy to improve the catalytic activity of nanocrystals through the crystal facet engineering,deepening the comprehending of facet-dependent activity of catalysts in Li-S chemistry,affording a novel perspective for the design of advanced sulfur electrodes.展开更多
Structure-engineered platinum-based nanoframes(NFs)at the atomic level can effectively improve the catalytic performance for fuel cells and other heterogeneous catalytic fields.We report herein,a microwave-assisted we...Structure-engineered platinum-based nanoframes(NFs)at the atomic level can effectively improve the catalytic performance for fuel cells and other heterogeneous catalytic fields.We report herein,a microwave-assisted wet-chemical method for the preparation of platinum-copper-cobalt NFs with tunable defect density and architecture,which exhibit enhanced activity and durability towards the electro-oxidation reactions of methanol(MOR)and formic acid(FAOR).By altering the reduction/capping agents and thus the nucleation/growth kinetics,trimetallic platinum-copper-cobalt hexapod NFs with different density high-index facets are achieved.Especially,the rough hexapod nanoframes(rh-NFs)exhibit excellent specific activities towards MOR and FAOR,7.25 and 5.20 times higher than those of benchmark Pt/C,respectively,along with prolonged durability.The excellent activities of the rh-NFs are assigned to a synergistic effect,including high density of defects and high-index facets,suitable d-band center,and open-framework structure.This synergistic working mechanism opens up a new way for enhancing their electrocatalytic performances by increasing defect density and high-index facets in open-framework platinum-based NFs.展开更多
Surface tailoring of Pt-based nanocatalysts is an effective pathway to promote their electrocatalytic performance and multifunctionality.Here,we report two kinds of one-dimensional(1D)ultrafine PtCu nanowires(smooth s...Surface tailoring of Pt-based nanocatalysts is an effective pathway to promote their electrocatalytic performance and multifunctionality.Here,we report two kinds of one-dimensional(1D)ultrafine PtCu nanowires(smooth surface&rugged surface)synthesized via a wet chemical method and their distinct catalytic performances in electro-oxidation of alcohols.The alloyed PtCu nanowires having rough surfaces with atomic steps exhibit superior catalytic activity toward multiple electrochemical reactions compared with the smooth counterpart.Density functional theory simulations show the excellent reactivity of rugged PtCu na-nowires and attribute it to the surface synergetic Pt-Cu site which accounts for the promotion of water dissociation and the dehydrogenation of the carboxyl intermediate.The current study provides an insight into reasonable design of alloy nanocatalysts in energy-related electrocatalytic systems.展开更多
High surface energy of high-index facets endows nanocrystals with high activities and thus promotes potential applications such as highly efficient catalysts,special optical,electrical and magnetic devices.But the hig...High surface energy of high-index facets endows nanocrystals with high activities and thus promotes potential applications such as highly efficient catalysts,special optical,electrical and magnetic devices.But the high surface energy of the high-index facets usually drives them to grow faster than the other facets and finally disappear during the crystal growth,which leads the synthesis of nanocrystals with high-indexed facets exposed to be a great challenge.Herein,we introduced two routes to control the synthesis of-Fe2O3polyhedrons with different sets of high-index facets,one using different metal ions(Ni2+,Cu2+or Zn2+)as structure-directing agents and the other applying polymer surfactant sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)as additive.The growth process of high-index-Fe2O3polyhedrons was also discussed and possible growth mechanism was proposed.展开更多
Noble metallic nanocrystals are used in a wide variety of applications,such as catalysis,batteries,and bio-and chemical sensors.Most of the previous studies focus on the preparation of thermodynamically stable nanocry...Noble metallic nanocrystals are used in a wide variety of applications,such as catalysis,batteries,and bio-and chemical sensors.Most of the previous studies focus on the preparation of thermodynamically stable nanocrystals enclosed by low-index facets and discuss their corresponding catalytic properties.Recently,researchers have found that the nanocrystals with high-index facets(HIFs)are of more interest for electrocatalysis.Herein,we review recent key progress in the synthesis of noble metallic nanoparticles enclosed with HIFs and their facetdependent electrocatalytic behaviors.First,we introduce the concept of HIFs,and establish the correlation between their surface structure and catalytic activity.Then,we discuss various synthetic approaches for controlling the shapes and composition of the nanocrystals enclosed by HIFs.Afterwards,we showcase the enhanced electrocatalytic performance realized by HIF-based nanostructures.Finally,we provide guidance on how to improve the electrocatalysis by engineering HIFs on noble metallic nanocrystals.展开更多
Herein,Co_(2)P nanorods(NRs)with exposure to high-index facets(HIFs)were prepared by a special assembly-calcination method using thioacetamide(TAA)as a structure-directing reagent.The analysis of adsorption energies o...Herein,Co_(2)P nanorods(NRs)with exposure to high-index facets(HIFs)were prepared by a special assembly-calcination method using thioacetamide(TAA)as a structure-directing reagent.The analysis of adsorption energies of S atoms on different facets as well as the surface energies of Co_(2)P indicate that the HIFs become more stable after adsorbing S atoms.With rich unsaturated sites on HIFs,the photochemical reduction rate of CO_(2)over Co_(2)P NRs is 14.5 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1)for the production of CO within 3 h.The analysis of electron transfer,bond lengths,bond angles and adsorption energies indicate that the CO_(2)molecules are more easily adsorbed and activated on the HIFs.The free energy calculations and d band theory demonstrate that the HIFs are conducive to reducing the formation energy barriers as well as improving the stability of the intermediate^(*)COOH,then enhancing the catalytic performance of CO_(2)reduction.展开更多
Strengthening the oxide-metal interfacial synergistic interaction in nanocatalysts is identified as potential strategy to boost intrinsic activities and the availability of active sites by regulating the surface/inter...Strengthening the oxide-metal interfacial synergistic interaction in nanocatalysts is identified as potential strategy to boost intrinsic activities and the availability of active sites by regulating the surface/interface environment of catalysts.Herein,the SnO_(2)/PtNi concave nanocubes(CNCs)enclosed by high-index facets(HIFs)with tunable SnO_(2)composition are successfully fabricated through combining the hydrothermal and self-assembly method.The interfacial interaction between ultrafine SnO_(2)nanoparticles and PtNi with HIFs surface structure is characterized by analytical techniques.The as-prepared 0.20%SnO_(2)/PtNi catalyst exhibits extraordinarily high catalytic performance for ethylene glycol electrooxidation(EGOR)in acidic conditions with specific activity of 3.06 mA/cm^(2),which represents 6.2-fold enhancement compared with the state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst.Additionally,the kinetic study demonstrates that the strong interfacial interaction between SnO_(2)and PtNi not only degrades the activation energy barrier during the process of EGOR but also enhances the CO-resistance ability and long-term stability.This study provides a novel perspective to construct highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts for energy conversions.展开更多
Radiotherapy is one of the most important clinical cancer treatments,which works mainly by delive ring a prescribed radiation dose to the tumor tissues.However,high doses of radiation may also lead many irreversible d...Radiotherapy is one of the most important clinical cancer treatments,which works mainly by delive ring a prescribed radiation dose to the tumor tissues.However,high doses of radiation may also lead many irreversible damages to the surrounding normal tissues.Thereby,how to effectively reduce these sideeffects has been a significant factor in influencing cancer therapeutic effect.In this work,we synthesized the hollow PtPd nanocubes with high-index facets,and investigated the radiation protection capability in vitro and in vivo.Our results showed the PtPd nanocrystals can decrease the ROS level and improve the survival rate of radiated cells.Meanwhile,survival rate of radiated mice can significantly increase from 0 to 30%after PtPd treatment.Consequently,the enzyme and ROS level in radiated mice can be recovered.展开更多
Anatase TiO2 as a promising photocatalyst has been widely employed in the decontamination treatment of polluted water, air purification and water splitting. Coupling TiO2 with other semiconductor materials could furth...Anatase TiO2 as a promising photocatalyst has been widely employed in the decontamination treatment of polluted water, air purification and water splitting. Coupling TiO2 with other semiconductor materials could further enhance the photocatalytic activity. Here, we successfully synthesized the SnOz/TiO2 catalyst by depositing SnO2 particles on the anatase TiO2 {105} facets through a gas phase oxidation process. The SnOz/TiO2 catalyst shows higher photocatalytic activity for decomposition of MB than that of the pure YiO2 catalyst. The enhanced photo- catalytic activity can be attributed to the efficient charge separation since TiO2 and SnO2 catalyst have staggered energy level.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22008135)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M670345)。
文摘Today,nanocrystals enclosed by high-index facets(HIFs)are attracting widely attentions of researchers due to their tremendous potential in the field of catalysis,especially in electrocatalysis,such as electro-oxidation of small organic molecule(such as formic acid,methanol,and ethanol),oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),as well as the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).However,the practical applications of nanocrystals enclosed by HIFs still face many limitations in preparations of advanced electrocatalysts,including preparation strategy,limited life-time and stability.The development of advanced electrocatalysts enclosed with HIFs is crucial for solving these problems if the large-scale application of them is to be realized.Herein,we firstly detailedly demonstrate the identification methods of nanocrystals enclosed by HIFs,and then preparation strategies are elaborated in detail in this review.Current advanced nanocrystals enclosed by HIFs in electrocatalytic application are also summarized and we present representative achievements to further reveal the relationship of excellent electrocatalytic performance and nanocrystals with HIFs.Finally,we predict the remaining challenges and present our perspectives with regards of design strategies of improving electrocatalytic performance of Ptbased catalysts in the future.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2016YFA0200400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51571100,51602305, 51522212,51421002,and 51672307)+1 种基金Program for JLU Science and Technology Innovative Research Team (JLUSTIRT,2017TD-09)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University.
文摘The development of highly efficient Pt-based alloy nanocatalysts is important but remains challenging for fuel cells commercialization.Here,a new class of zigzag-like platinum-zinc (Pt-Zn) alloy nanowires (NWs) with rough surface and controllable composition is reported.The merits of anisotropic one-dimensional nanostructure,stable high-index facets and coordinatively unsaturated Pt sites endow the composition-optimal Pt94Zn6 NWs with a mass activity of 7.2 and 6.2 times higher than that of commercial Pt black catalysts toward methanol/ethanol oxidation,respectively.Alloying-induced d-band electron modulation and lattice strain effects weaken the adsorption strength of poisoning species,which originally enhances the catalytic activity of Pt-Zn NWs.This study provides a new perspective of Pt-Zn electrocatalysts with intrinsic mechanism for enhanced catalytic performance.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFA0703700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11674008,11674023,and 51971025)+1 种基金Ministry of Education,China-111 Project(No.B170003)Scientific and Technological Innovation Foundation of Shunde Graduate School,USTB(No.BK19BE024).
文摘Surface engineering is known as an effective strategy to enhance the catalytic properties of Pt-based nanomaterials.Herein,we report on surface engineering Ni-Pt nanoalloys with a facile method by varying the Ni doping concentration and oleylamine/oleicacid surfactant-mix.The alloy-composition,exposed facet condition,and surface lattice strain are,thereby manipulated to optimize the catalytic efficiency of such nanoalloys for methanol oxidation reaction(MOR).Exemplary nanoalloys including Ni_(0.69)Pt_(0.31)truncated octahedrons,Ni_(0.45)Pt_(0.55)nanomultipods and Ni_(0.20)Pt_(0.80)nanoflowers are thoroughly characterized,with a commercial Pt/C catalyst as a common benchmark.Their variations in MOR catalytic efficiency are significant:2.2 A/mgPt for Ni_(0.20)Pt_(0.80)nanoflowers,1.2 A/mgPt for Ni_(0.45)Pt_(0.55)nanomultipods,0.7 A/mgPt for Ni_(0.69)Pt_(0.31)truncated octahedrons,and 0.6 A/mgPt for the commercial Pt/C catalysts.Assisted by density functional theory calculations,we correlate these observed catalysis-variations particularly to the intriguing presence of surface interplanar-strains,such as{111}facets with an interplanar-tensile-strain of 2.6%and{200}facets with an interplanar-tensile-strain of 3.5%,on the Ni_(0.20)Pt_(0.80)nanoflowers.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2017YFA0207301 and 2017YFA0403402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21725102,91961106,U1832156,and 22075267)+4 种基金Science and Technological Fund of Anhui Province for Outstanding Youth(No.2008085J05)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(No.2019444)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST,China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2019M652190 and 2020T130627)Users with Excellence Program of Hefei Science Center CAS(No.2020HSC-UE003)DNL Cooperation Fund,CAS(No.DNL201922).
文摘Cu-based electrocatalysts have provoked much attention for their high activity and selectivity in carbon dioxide(CO_(2))conversion into multi-carbon hydrocarbons.However,during the electrochemical reaction,Cu catalysts inevitably undergo surface reconstruction whose impact on CO_(2)conversion performance remains contentious.Here we report that polycrystalline Cu nanoparticles(denoted as Cu-s)with rich high-index facets,derived from Cu_(2−x)S through desulphurization and surface reconstruction,offer an excellent platform for investigating the role of surface reconstruction in electrocatalytic CO_(2)conversion.During the formation of Cu-s catalyst,the two stages of desulphurization and surface reconstruction can be clearly resolved by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and OH−adsorption characterizations,which are well correlated with the changes in electrocatalytic performance.It turns out that the high CO_(2)conversion performance,achieved by the Cu-s catalyst(Faradic efficiency of 68.6%and partial current density of 40.8 mA/cm^(2)in H-cell toward C_(2)H_(4)production),is attributed to the increased percentage of high-index facets in Cu-s during the surface reconstruction.Furthermore,the operando electrochemical Raman spectroscopy further reveals that the conversion of the CO_(2)into the C_(2)H_(4)on Cu-s is intermediated by the production of*COCHO.Our findings manifest that the surface reconstruction is an effective method for tuning the reaction intermediate of the CO_(2)conversion toward high-value multicarbon(C2+)chemicals,and highlight the significance of in situ characterizations in enhancing the understanding of the surface structure and its role in electrocatalysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52173251)the China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(No.51925104)+1 种基金NSFC-Guangdong Province Joint Program(Key program No.U21A2084)the Cen-tral Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province(No.226Z1303G).
文摘Photocatalysis has been a research hotspot in recent years,and the design and modification of photocat-alysts have been the key points.Common methods for designing photocatalysts,including constructing heterojunctions and homojunctions,have been developed on the basis of heterojunctions.In this study,two homojunctions of manganese dioxide(MnO_(2)),including a high-index crystal plane homojunction and a general homojunction,are prepared using a stepwise hydrothermal method.Using a capping agent,the high-index crystal surface of the MnO_(2)is exposed.It is found that the electron transport efficiency be-tween the two components of the homojunction with high-index planes is higher and the adsorption capacity of the oxygen is stronger,which leads to higher photocatalytic efficiency.In addition,the newly designed high-index homojunction is used for the treatment of bacterial infections,and it kills Staphy-lococcus aureus(S.aureus)and Escherichia coli(E.coli)at rates of 99.95%±0.04%and 99.31%±0.25%,respectively.It also has excellent therapeutic effects on mouse wounds,which implies superb practical application value.This work provides a new strategy for the improved design of homojunctions and the application of photocatalytic materials.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:21902009National Key Research and Development Project,Grant/Award Numbers:2018YFB1502401,2018YFA0702002+2 种基金Royal Society and the Newton Fund through the Newton Advanced Fellowship Award,Grant/Award Number:NAF\R1\191294Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovation Research Team in the University,Grant/Award Number:IRT1205Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and the longterm subsidy mechanism from the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Education of PRC。
文摘Electroreduction of carbon dioxide into fuels and feedstocks with renewable energy is an attractive route to mitigate carbon emission and solve energy crisis.However,how to improve the selectivity of high‐value multicarbon products is still challenging.Here,we demonstrate that the high‐index crystalline surface of copper could be designed and obtained through a simple square‐wave potential treatment on copper nanowires,which is beneficial to improve the selectivity of multi‐carbon products,especially the reaction route towards ethylene.The Faradaic efficiency of C_(2+)products can reach nearly 60%,and hydrogen can be suppressed to below 20%.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that(311)high‐index facet can activate CO_(2) effectively and promote adsorption of the*COCOH intermediate on copper for ethylene formation,therefore improves the selectivity of ethylene and inhibits the competing hydrogen evolution reaction.This method can be extended to the design of other catalytic systems and has inspirations for other electrochemical catalytic reactions.
基金We acknowledge the Microstructure Laboratory for Energy Materials （MLEM） at CUP for the technical support with TEM. We also acknowledge the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 21303265）, Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China （No. 20130007120012） and Young Talent Award of CUP （No. YJRC-2013-46）.
文摘Bimetallic PtxCuy nanocrystals （NCs） with well-defined hexa-pod morphology were synthesized via a wet chemistry approach. The as-synthesized convex NCs with dimensions of around 20 nm show exposed low-index （111） facets on the seeds and various high-index facets on the pods. The growth mechanism involved preferred growth along the 〈100〉 crystallographic direction on cuboctahedral seeds. The synthetic protocol could be applied to the synthesis of PtxCuy NCs with various Cu/Pt ratios. The electro-catalytic activity of the hexa-pod PtxCuy NCs supported on carbon black towards the oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） was studied. The hexa-pod PtCu2/C catalysts exhibit the highest specific activity （3.7 mA/cm^2pt） and mass activity （2.4 A/mget） reported to date for PtxCuy. Comparison with other morphological forms of PtxCuy indicated that the enhanced activity originated from morphological factors. The existence of high-index facets as well as abundant edges and steps on the pods could reasonably explain the enhanced catalytic activity. The hexa-pod PtxCuy/C catalysts also show high morphological stability and activity after accelerated durability tests. The as-synthesized hexa-pod PtxCuy NCs have high potential as cathode electro-catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51438011,51102005)the Academic Excellence Foundation of BUAA for Ph.D.students。
文摘Removal of trace heavy metal ions puts high demands on designing adsorbents with favorable surfaces.Crystal-plane engineering can provide controllable adsorption energy between surficial planes and adsorbents.Herein,we have creatively synthesized Mg-doped CaCO_(3)nanoarchitectures assembled by layered sheets(Mg-CaCO_(3)LSs)with high-index facets of(441)through a facile wet chemical process.Adsorption tests reveal that the layer-bylayer assembled sample exhibits a maximum Pb(II)adsorption capacity of 1961.9 mg·g^(-1),agreeing with the monolayer-adsorption Langmuir model.At an initial Pb(II)ion concentration of 20 mg·L^(-1),the adsorption can achieve a high removal rate near 99.0%within 1 min,and the adsorption kinetics follows a chemisorption pseudo-second-order model.Interestingly,the Mg-CaCO_(3)LSs show much-improved adsorption properties towards low-concentration Pb(II)ions,which could reduce the concentration from 1 mg·L^(-1)to~2.9μg·L^(-1)in 3 h(within 30 min decrease to less than 10μg·L^(-1),meeting drinking water standard from WHO).For comparison,the commercial CaCO_(3)and collected CaCO_(3)scale show much lower adsorption values with Pb(Ⅱ)ion residual concentration of~935.0 and~944.9μg·L^(-1)in 3 h,respectively.Xray diffraction(XRD),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and inductively coupled plasma(ICP)characterizations on the Mg-CaCO_(3)LSs before and after adsorbing Pb(Ⅱ)confirm that the high removal performance could be ascribed to fast metal ion exchange and excellent physical adsorption contributed by high-index planes.The density functional theory(DFT)calculations also confirm that the much-enhanced adsorption kinetics benefits from the optimal adsorption of the(441)planes.This work will provide a feasible route to design highefficient low-cost adsorbents through crystal-plane engineering.
基金supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(22072076 and 21773142)Taishan Schol-arship in Shandong Province(No.tsqn20161001)+1 种基金Fundamental Re-search Funds of Shandong University,Shandong Provincial Natural Sci-ence Foundation(ZR2020QE005)Young Doctor Cooperation Fund Project of Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sci-ences)(2019BSHZ0018).
文摘Gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)have demonstrated great potential in chemical and biological sensing,catalysis,biomedicine,X-ray computed tomography,and other applications,owing to their unique properties.Au NPs with high-index facets have attracted more attention in the past decade owing to their superior electrocatalytic activity in fuel cells and enhanced performance in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)applications.This review presents an overview of our achievements in the direct synthesis of Au NPs with controlled shapes in water using cationic surfactants.By deliberately adjusting the nature of the surfactant stabilizers,preformed Au NPs with simple shapes can be readily transformed into Au NPs with complicated shapes with controlled high-index facets by simple seeded growth.The high-index facets of the as-prepared Au NPs can be consistently correlated with their superior performance in the electrooxidation of methanol and ethanol and their enhanced SERS activity.
基金the NSF(CBET-2219546)and startup funds from the Georgia Institute of Technology.
文摘Noble-metal nanocrystals enclosed by high-index facets are of growing interest due to their enhanced catalytic performance in a variety of reactions.Herein,we report the deterministic synthesis of Pd nanocrystals encased by high-index facets by controlling the rate of deposition(V_(deposition))relative to that of surface diffusion(V_(diffusion)).For octahedral seeds with truncated corners,a reduction rate(and thus deposition rate)faster than that of surface diffusion(i.e.,V_(deposition)/V_(diffusion)>1)led to the formation of concave trisoctahedra(TOH)with high-index facets.When the reduction was slowed down,in contrast,surface diffusion dominated the growth pathway.In the case of V_(deposition)/V_(diffusion)≈1,truncated octahedra with enlarged sizes were produced.When the reduction rate was between these two extremes,we obtained concave tetrahexahedra(THH)without or with truncation.Similar growth patterns were also observed for the cuboctahedral seeds.When the Pd octahedra,concave TOH,and concave THH were tested for electrocatalyzing the formic acid oxidation(FAO)reaction,those with high-index facets were advantageous over the conventional Pd octahedra enclosed by{111}facets.This work not only contributes to the understanding of surface diffusion and its role in nanocrystal growth but also offers a general protocol for the synthesis of nanocrystals enclosed by high-index facets.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21573286)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(No.E2020408004)the Funded by Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department(No.QN2021124).
文摘Surface engineering has been found to be an efficient strategy to boost the catalytic performance of noble-metal-based nanocatalysts.In this work,a small amount of P was doped to the surface of PtNi concave cube(P-PtNi CNC).Interestingly,the P-PtNi CNC nanocatalyst shows an enhanced methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)performance with achieving 8.19 times of specific activity than that of comercial Pt/C.The electrochemical in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)results reveal that the surface P doping promotes the adsorption energy of OH,enhancing the resistance against CO poisoning.Therefore,the intermediate adsorbed CO(COads)reacted with adsorbed OH(OHads)through the Langmuir–Hinshelwood(LH)mechanism to generate CO_(2)and release surface active sites for further adsorption.This work provides a promising strategy via the incorporation of non-metallic elements into the PtNi alloys bounded with high-index facets(HIFs)as efficient fuel cell catalysts.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22078078)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.LH2020B008)the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology(No.2019DX13).
文摘Precisely regulating of the surface structure of crystalline materials to improve their catalytic activity for lithium polysulfides is urgently needed for high-performance lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.Herein,high-index faceted iron oxide(Fe_(2)O_(3))nanocrystals anchored on reduced graphene oxide are developed as highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts,effectively improving the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries.The theoretical and experimental results all indicate that high-index Fe_(2)O_(3)crystal facets with abundant unsaturated coordinated Fe sites not only have strong adsorption capacity to anchor polysulfides but also have high catalytic activity to facilitate the redox transformation of polysulfides and reduce the decomposition energy barrier of Li_(2)S.The Li-S batteries with these bifunctional electrocatalysts exhibit high initial capacity of 1521 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C and excellent cycling performance with a low capacity fading of 0.025%per cycle during 1600 cycles at 2 C.Even with a high sulfur loading of 9.41 mg cm^(-2),a remarkable areal capacity of 7.61 mAh cm^(-2)was maintained after 85 cycles.This work provides a new strategy to improve the catalytic activity of nanocrystals through the crystal facet engineering,deepening the comprehending of facet-dependent activity of catalysts in Li-S chemistry,affording a novel perspective for the design of advanced sulfur electrodes.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21808079 and 21878121)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2017BB029)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2017M610405)International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program Between Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH,OCPC and University of Jinan.
文摘Structure-engineered platinum-based nanoframes(NFs)at the atomic level can effectively improve the catalytic performance for fuel cells and other heterogeneous catalytic fields.We report herein,a microwave-assisted wet-chemical method for the preparation of platinum-copper-cobalt NFs with tunable defect density and architecture,which exhibit enhanced activity and durability towards the electro-oxidation reactions of methanol(MOR)and formic acid(FAOR).By altering the reduction/capping agents and thus the nucleation/growth kinetics,trimetallic platinum-copper-cobalt hexapod NFs with different density high-index facets are achieved.Especially,the rough hexapod nanoframes(rh-NFs)exhibit excellent specific activities towards MOR and FAOR,7.25 and 5.20 times higher than those of benchmark Pt/C,respectively,along with prolonged durability.The excellent activities of the rh-NFs are assigned to a synergistic effect,including high density of defects and high-index facets,suitable d-band center,and open-framework structure.This synergistic working mechanism opens up a new way for enhancing their electrocatalytic performances by increasing defect density and high-index facets in open-framework platinum-based NFs.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21571001,21631001U1532141)+2 种基金the Ministry of Education,and the Education Department of AnhuiSouthern University of Science and Technology(SUSTech),China(2020B121201002)the computational resource support from the Center for Computational Science and Engineering at SUSTech。
文摘Surface tailoring of Pt-based nanocatalysts is an effective pathway to promote their electrocatalytic performance and multifunctionality.Here,we report two kinds of one-dimensional(1D)ultrafine PtCu nanowires(smooth surface&rugged surface)synthesized via a wet chemical method and their distinct catalytic performances in electro-oxidation of alcohols.The alloyed PtCu nanowires having rough surfaces with atomic steps exhibit superior catalytic activity toward multiple electrochemical reactions compared with the smooth counterpart.Density functional theory simulations show the excellent reactivity of rugged PtCu na-nowires and attribute it to the surface synergetic Pt-Cu site which accounts for the promotion of water dissociation and the dehydrogenation of the carboxyl intermediate.The current study provides an insight into reasonable design of alloy nanocatalysts in energy-related electrocatalytic systems.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB935800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21071076,21021062 and 51172106)
文摘High surface energy of high-index facets endows nanocrystals with high activities and thus promotes potential applications such as highly efficient catalysts,special optical,electrical and magnetic devices.But the high surface energy of the high-index facets usually drives them to grow faster than the other facets and finally disappear during the crystal growth,which leads the synthesis of nanocrystals with high-indexed facets exposed to be a great challenge.Herein,we introduced two routes to control the synthesis of-Fe2O3polyhedrons with different sets of high-index facets,one using different metal ions(Ni2+,Cu2+or Zn2+)as structure-directing agents and the other applying polymer surfactant sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)as additive.The growth process of high-index-Fe2O3polyhedrons was also discussed and possible growth mechanism was proposed.
基金This work was financially supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(JQ18005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.51671003)+2 种基金National Basic Research Program of China(No.2016YFB0100201)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2017M620518)Open Project Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering,the start-up supports from Peking University and Young Thousand Talented Program.
文摘Noble metallic nanocrystals are used in a wide variety of applications,such as catalysis,batteries,and bio-and chemical sensors.Most of the previous studies focus on the preparation of thermodynamically stable nanocrystals enclosed by low-index facets and discuss their corresponding catalytic properties.Recently,researchers have found that the nanocrystals with high-index facets(HIFs)are of more interest for electrocatalysis.Herein,we review recent key progress in the synthesis of noble metallic nanoparticles enclosed with HIFs and their facetdependent electrocatalytic behaviors.First,we introduce the concept of HIFs,and establish the correlation between their surface structure and catalytic activity.Then,we discuss various synthetic approaches for controlling the shapes and composition of the nanocrystals enclosed by HIFs.Afterwards,we showcase the enhanced electrocatalytic performance realized by HIF-based nanostructures.Finally,we provide guidance on how to improve the electrocatalysis by engineering HIFs on noble metallic nanocrystals.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072165,51662031 and 51720105001)the general project of science and technology research of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education(DA202102160)+1 种基金the project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M653583)the starting research fund(EA202102179)。
文摘Herein,Co_(2)P nanorods(NRs)with exposure to high-index facets(HIFs)were prepared by a special assembly-calcination method using thioacetamide(TAA)as a structure-directing reagent.The analysis of adsorption energies of S atoms on different facets as well as the surface energies of Co_(2)P indicate that the HIFs become more stable after adsorbing S atoms.With rich unsaturated sites on HIFs,the photochemical reduction rate of CO_(2)over Co_(2)P NRs is 14.5 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1)for the production of CO within 3 h.The analysis of electron transfer,bond lengths,bond angles and adsorption energies indicate that the CO_(2)molecules are more easily adsorbed and activated on the HIFs.The free energy calculations and d band theory demonstrate that the HIFs are conducive to reducing the formation energy barriers as well as improving the stability of the intermediate^(*)COOH,then enhancing the catalytic performance of CO_(2)reduction.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21573286)the Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Project in Shandong Province(No.2019JZZY010343).
文摘Strengthening the oxide-metal interfacial synergistic interaction in nanocatalysts is identified as potential strategy to boost intrinsic activities and the availability of active sites by regulating the surface/interface environment of catalysts.Herein,the SnO_(2)/PtNi concave nanocubes(CNCs)enclosed by high-index facets(HIFs)with tunable SnO_(2)composition are successfully fabricated through combining the hydrothermal and self-assembly method.The interfacial interaction between ultrafine SnO_(2)nanoparticles and PtNi with HIFs surface structure is characterized by analytical techniques.The as-prepared 0.20%SnO_(2)/PtNi catalyst exhibits extraordinarily high catalytic performance for ethylene glycol electrooxidation(EGOR)in acidic conditions with specific activity of 3.06 mA/cm^(2),which represents 6.2-fold enhancement compared with the state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst.Additionally,the kinetic study demonstrates that the strong interfacial interaction between SnO_(2)and PtNi not only degrades the activation energy barrier during the process of EGOR but also enhances the CO-resistance ability and long-term stability.This study provides a novel perspective to construct highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts for energy conversions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.81673106,81471786 and 91859101)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Science (No.2017-12M-1012)
文摘Radiotherapy is one of the most important clinical cancer treatments,which works mainly by delive ring a prescribed radiation dose to the tumor tissues.However,high doses of radiation may also lead many irreversible damages to the surrounding normal tissues.Thereby,how to effectively reduce these sideeffects has been a significant factor in influencing cancer therapeutic effect.In this work,we synthesized the hollow PtPd nanocubes with high-index facets,and investigated the radiation protection capability in vitro and in vivo.Our results showed the PtPd nanocrystals can decrease the ROS level and improve the survival rate of radiated cells.Meanwhile,survival rate of radiated mice can significantly increase from 0 to 30%after PtPd treatment.Consequently,the enzyme and ROS level in radiated mice can be recovered.
基金This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China，SRF for ROCS,SEM,Programme for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning,Major Basic Research Programme of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality，Australian Research Council's Future Fellowships，Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation
文摘Anatase TiO2 as a promising photocatalyst has been widely employed in the decontamination treatment of polluted water, air purification and water splitting. Coupling TiO2 with other semiconductor materials could further enhance the photocatalytic activity. Here, we successfully synthesized the SnOz/TiO2 catalyst by depositing SnO2 particles on the anatase TiO2 {105} facets through a gas phase oxidation process. The SnOz/TiO2 catalyst shows higher photocatalytic activity for decomposition of MB than that of the pure YiO2 catalyst. The enhanced photo- catalytic activity can be attributed to the efficient charge separation since TiO2 and SnO2 catalyst have staggered energy level.
