In Nov. 2005, the macrobenthic community and niche analysis at creeks in three diked tidal flats were studied at Lingkun Island, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province. The result revealed 31 species belonging to 19 families...In Nov. 2005, the macrobenthic community and niche analysis at creeks in three diked tidal flats were studied at Lingkun Island, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province. The result revealed 31 species belonging to 19 families, 7 classes and 6 phyla most of which were gastropoda, lamellibranchia, crustacea and polychaeta. In the different habitats of the creeks (the grass flat, the bank of creek and the bottom of the creek), the composition and abundance of the macrobenthic differed. There were 16 species in the grass flat, 21 species in the bank of the creek and 13 species at the bottom of creek. The macrobenthic structure and life forms of the creeks were different in these three habitats, and showed that the creeks changed regularly with the environment factors. In general, the Margalef’s species diversity index: BaC > BoC > GF; the Shannon-Wiener’s index: BaC > Boc > GF; the Pielou’s index: BoC > BaC > GF; the Simpson’s index: GF > BaC > BoC. The analysis of the niche breadth and niche overlap showed that these two were closed related to the distribution and density of the species, which revealed that the niche breadth and the niche overlaps reflect the species distribution, the abundance and the species ability of utilizing the environmental resource. Combined with the data of the four times extraction of the density of macrobenthic species, using the Hierarchical Cluster of between-groups linkage method and the Non-matric Multidimentional Scaling method, these species could be assigned to several groups.展开更多
China has made many strides in large-scale development and centralized integration of wind power in recent years.The wind power penetration of some regions has reached a high level,which brings significant challenges ...China has made many strides in large-scale development and centralized integration of wind power in recent years.The wind power penetration of some regions has reached a high level,which brings significant challenges for power system dispatch due to the inherent variability and uncertainty of wind resources.To increase the dispatch capabilities of wind power generation,the spatial smoothing effect among adjacent wind farms needs to be fully utilized.This paper presents the concept of hierarchical coordinated dispatch for wind power based on a new concept of a virtual power generator.The spatial smoothing effect of wind power is analyzed first.Next,the virtual power generator method of a wind farm cluster is defined and established.Then,the hierarchical coordinated dispatch mode is compared with an existing wind power dispatch mode for individual wind farms.Finally,the proposed concept is implemented on a simulation case to demonstrate applicability and effectiveness.展开更多
文摘In Nov. 2005, the macrobenthic community and niche analysis at creeks in three diked tidal flats were studied at Lingkun Island, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province. The result revealed 31 species belonging to 19 families, 7 classes and 6 phyla most of which were gastropoda, lamellibranchia, crustacea and polychaeta. In the different habitats of the creeks (the grass flat, the bank of creek and the bottom of the creek), the composition and abundance of the macrobenthic differed. There were 16 species in the grass flat, 21 species in the bank of the creek and 13 species at the bottom of creek. The macrobenthic structure and life forms of the creeks were different in these three habitats, and showed that the creeks changed regularly with the environment factors. In general, the Margalef’s species diversity index: BaC > BoC > GF; the Shannon-Wiener’s index: BaC > Boc > GF; the Pielou’s index: BoC > BaC > GF; the Simpson’s index: GF > BaC > BoC. The analysis of the niche breadth and niche overlap showed that these two were closed related to the distribution and density of the species, which revealed that the niche breadth and the niche overlaps reflect the species distribution, the abundance and the species ability of utilizing the environmental resource. Combined with the data of the four times extraction of the density of macrobenthic species, using the Hierarchical Cluster of between-groups linkage method and the Non-matric Multidimentional Scaling method, these species could be assigned to several groups.
基金supported in part by Chinese National Key Technologies R&D Program(2013BAA01B03)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51190101)industrial project of State Grid Corporation of China(No.NY71-13-043).
文摘China has made many strides in large-scale development and centralized integration of wind power in recent years.The wind power penetration of some regions has reached a high level,which brings significant challenges for power system dispatch due to the inherent variability and uncertainty of wind resources.To increase the dispatch capabilities of wind power generation,the spatial smoothing effect among adjacent wind farms needs to be fully utilized.This paper presents the concept of hierarchical coordinated dispatch for wind power based on a new concept of a virtual power generator.The spatial smoothing effect of wind power is analyzed first.Next,the virtual power generator method of a wind farm cluster is defined and established.Then,the hierarchical coordinated dispatch mode is compared with an existing wind power dispatch mode for individual wind farms.Finally,the proposed concept is implemented on a simulation case to demonstrate applicability and effectiveness.