This review focuses on research findings in the area of diagnosis and pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection over the last few decades.The information based on published literature provides an update on these...This review focuses on research findings in the area of diagnosis and pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection over the last few decades.The information based on published literature provides an update on these two aspects of HCV.HCV infection,previously called blood transmitted non-A,non-B infection,is prevalent globally and poses a serious public health problem worldwide.The diagnosis of HCV infection has evolved from serodetection of non-specific and low avidity anti-HCV antibodies to detection of viral nucleic acid in serum using the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)technique.Current PCR assays detect viral nucleic acid with high accuracy and the exact copy number of viral particles.Moreover,multiplex assays using real-time PCR are available for identification of HCV-genotypes and their isotypes.In contrast to previous methods,the newly developed assays are not only fast and eco-nomic,but also resolve the problem of the window period as well as differentiate present from past infection.HCV is a non-cytopathic virus,thus,its pathogenesis is regulated by host immunity and metabolic changes including oxidative stress,insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis.Both innate and adaptive immunity play an important role in HCV pathogenesis.Cytotoxic lymphocytes demonstrate crucial activity during viral eradication or viral persistence and are influenced by viral proteins,HCV-quasispecies and several metabolic factors regulating liver metabolism.HCV pathogenesis is a very complex phenomenon and requires further study to determine the other factors involved.展开更多
丙型肝炎(丙肝)是一种常见的病毒性肝炎,在世界范围内广泛流行,是欧、美、日本等国家导致肝硬化和肝癌的最主要的病因,也是我国输血后肝炎的主要病因.全球的丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)感染率约为3%,即感染人群约有1亿7千万[1]...丙型肝炎(丙肝)是一种常见的病毒性肝炎,在世界范围内广泛流行,是欧、美、日本等国家导致肝硬化和肝癌的最主要的病因,也是我国输血后肝炎的主要病因.全球的丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)感染率约为3%,即感染人群约有1亿7千万[1].在美国有1.8%～2%的人口(约4百万人)抗-HCV阳性.我国人群中抗-HCV阳性率约为1%～3%[2, 3],因此估计我国的抗-HCV阳性人群约有3千万.抗-HCV阳性率随年龄的增加有增加趋势,每10岁约增加0.3%～1.0%,30～40岁年龄段抗-HCV阳性率最高[4].丙肝的主要临床特点是在感染后极易慢性化,约75%～80%的急性丙肝患者转为慢性感染,其中大多数人发展为慢性肝炎.据估计,经过10～20年的慢性病程后,至少20%的患者发展为肝硬化,部分患者发展为肝癌.在欧、美国家,丙型肝炎肝硬化已成为肝移植的主要病因.展开更多
文摘This review focuses on research findings in the area of diagnosis and pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection over the last few decades.The information based on published literature provides an update on these two aspects of HCV.HCV infection,previously called blood transmitted non-A,non-B infection,is prevalent globally and poses a serious public health problem worldwide.The diagnosis of HCV infection has evolved from serodetection of non-specific and low avidity anti-HCV antibodies to detection of viral nucleic acid in serum using the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)technique.Current PCR assays detect viral nucleic acid with high accuracy and the exact copy number of viral particles.Moreover,multiplex assays using real-time PCR are available for identification of HCV-genotypes and their isotypes.In contrast to previous methods,the newly developed assays are not only fast and eco-nomic,but also resolve the problem of the window period as well as differentiate present from past infection.HCV is a non-cytopathic virus,thus,its pathogenesis is regulated by host immunity and metabolic changes including oxidative stress,insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis.Both innate and adaptive immunity play an important role in HCV pathogenesis.Cytotoxic lymphocytes demonstrate crucial activity during viral eradication or viral persistence and are influenced by viral proteins,HCV-quasispecies and several metabolic factors regulating liver metabolism.HCV pathogenesis is a very complex phenomenon and requires further study to determine the other factors involved.
文摘丙型肝炎(丙肝)是一种常见的病毒性肝炎,在世界范围内广泛流行,是欧、美、日本等国家导致肝硬化和肝癌的最主要的病因,也是我国输血后肝炎的主要病因.全球的丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)感染率约为3%,即感染人群约有1亿7千万[1].在美国有1.8%～2%的人口(约4百万人)抗-HCV阳性.我国人群中抗-HCV阳性率约为1%～3%[2, 3],因此估计我国的抗-HCV阳性人群约有3千万.抗-HCV阳性率随年龄的增加有增加趋势,每10岁约增加0.3%～1.0%,30～40岁年龄段抗-HCV阳性率最高[4].丙肝的主要临床特点是在感染后极易慢性化,约75%～80%的急性丙肝患者转为慢性感染,其中大多数人发展为慢性肝炎.据估计,经过10～20年的慢性病程后,至少20%的患者发展为肝硬化,部分患者发展为肝癌.在欧、美国家,丙型肝炎肝硬化已成为肝移植的主要病因.
