The blockchain cross-chain is a significant technology for inter-chain interconnection and value transfer among different blockchain networks.Cross-chain overcomes the“information island”problem of the closed blockc...The blockchain cross-chain is a significant technology for inter-chain interconnection and value transfer among different blockchain networks.Cross-chain overcomes the“information island”problem of the closed blockchain network and is increasingly applied to multiple critical areas such as finance and the internet of things(IoT).Blockchain can be divided into three main categories of blockchain networks:public blockchains,private blockchains,and consortium blockchains.However,there are differences in block structures,consensus mechanisms,and complex working mechanisms among heterogeneous blockchains.The fragility of the cross-chain system itself makes the cross-chain system face some potential security and privacy threats.This paper discusses security defects on the cross-chain implementation mechanism,and discusses the impact of the structural features of blockchain networks on cross-chain security.In terms of cross-chain intercommunication,a cross-chain attack can be divided into a multi-chain combination attack,native chain attack,and inter-chain attack diffusion.Then various security threats and attack paths faced by the cross-chain system are analyzed.At last,the corresponding security defense methods of cross-chain security threats and future research directions for cross-chain applications are put forward.展开更多
At present, there is an urgent need for blockchain interoperability technology to realize interconnection between various blockchains, data communication and value transfer between blockchains, so as to break the ‘va...At present, there is an urgent need for blockchain interoperability technology to realize interconnection between various blockchains, data communication and value transfer between blockchains, so as to break the ‘value silo’ phenomenon of each blockchain. Firstly, it lists what people understand about the concept of interoperability. Secondly, it gives the key technical issues of cross-chain, including cross-chain mechanism, interoperability, eventual consistency, and universality. Then, the implementation of each cross-chain key technology is analyzed, including Hash-locking, two-way peg, notary schemes, relay chain scheme, cross-chain protocol, and global identity system. Immediately after that, five typical cross-chain systems are introduced and comparative analysis is made. In addition, two examples of cross-chain programmability and their analysis are given. Finally, the current state of cross-chain technology is summarized from two aspects: key technology implementation and cross-chain application enforcement. The cross-chain technology as a whole has formed a centralized fixed mechanism, as well as a trend of modular design, and some of the solutions to mature applications were established in the relevant standards organizations, and the cross-chain technology architecture tends to be unified, which is expected to accelerate the evolution of the open cross-chain network that supports the real needs of the interconnection of all chains.展开更多
区块链是近年来炙手可热的技术话题之一,与其相关的研究理论正在不断丰富。然而,距离区块链技术落地仍面临着吞吐量小、处理效率低的关键问题。针对该问题,跨链技术作为一种有潜力,同时具备扩大吞吐量处理能力、提升处理效率的区块链技...区块链是近年来炙手可热的技术话题之一,与其相关的研究理论正在不断丰富。然而,距离区块链技术落地仍面临着吞吐量小、处理效率低的关键问题。针对该问题,跨链技术作为一种有潜力,同时具备扩大吞吐量处理能力、提升处理效率的区块链技术而被广泛关注。文中给出了一种基于改进哈希时间锁的跨链资产交互协议(A Novel Hash-Time-Lock-Contract Based Cross-Chain Token Swap Mechanism,NCASP),创造性地为Fabric区块链引入账户体系,融合智能合约技术实现了在以太坊和Fabric联盟链网络之间的安全无缝资产交换。NCASP协议在每笔HTLC(Hash Time Lock Contract)转账中设置了不同的中间账户进行资产托管和转移,并在交易完成后及时销毁,使得在原有跨链交易速率不变的同时,保证了交易的安全性。通过对协议进行仿真模拟表明,该协议适用于以Fabric为代表的联盟链与比特币以及以以太坊为代表的公链,无需第三方区块链介入,即可实现高效安全的跨链资产交换,且在交易效率上比BSN(Blockchain Service Network)的跨链方案节省了约26.8%。改进的协议扩展了传统HTLC跨链资产方案的使用场景,使不同用户间的资产交换兼顾原子性、公平性以及透明性的特点。展开更多
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(4212008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62272031)+2 种基金the Open Foundation of Information Security Evaluation Center of Civil Aviation,Civil Aviation University of China(ISECCA-202101)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security(GCIS201915)supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20463,U22B2027)。
文摘The blockchain cross-chain is a significant technology for inter-chain interconnection and value transfer among different blockchain networks.Cross-chain overcomes the“information island”problem of the closed blockchain network and is increasingly applied to multiple critical areas such as finance and the internet of things(IoT).Blockchain can be divided into three main categories of blockchain networks:public blockchains,private blockchains,and consortium blockchains.However,there are differences in block structures,consensus mechanisms,and complex working mechanisms among heterogeneous blockchains.The fragility of the cross-chain system itself makes the cross-chain system face some potential security and privacy threats.This paper discusses security defects on the cross-chain implementation mechanism,and discusses the impact of the structural features of blockchain networks on cross-chain security.In terms of cross-chain intercommunication,a cross-chain attack can be divided into a multi-chain combination attack,native chain attack,and inter-chain attack diffusion.Then various security threats and attack paths faced by the cross-chain system are analyzed.At last,the corresponding security defense methods of cross-chain security threats and future research directions for cross-chain applications are put forward.
文摘At present, there is an urgent need for blockchain interoperability technology to realize interconnection between various blockchains, data communication and value transfer between blockchains, so as to break the ‘value silo’ phenomenon of each blockchain. Firstly, it lists what people understand about the concept of interoperability. Secondly, it gives the key technical issues of cross-chain, including cross-chain mechanism, interoperability, eventual consistency, and universality. Then, the implementation of each cross-chain key technology is analyzed, including Hash-locking, two-way peg, notary schemes, relay chain scheme, cross-chain protocol, and global identity system. Immediately after that, five typical cross-chain systems are introduced and comparative analysis is made. In addition, two examples of cross-chain programmability and their analysis are given. Finally, the current state of cross-chain technology is summarized from two aspects: key technology implementation and cross-chain application enforcement. The cross-chain technology as a whole has formed a centralized fixed mechanism, as well as a trend of modular design, and some of the solutions to mature applications were established in the relevant standards organizations, and the cross-chain technology architecture tends to be unified, which is expected to accelerate the evolution of the open cross-chain network that supports the real needs of the interconnection of all chains.
文摘区块链是近年来炙手可热的技术话题之一,与其相关的研究理论正在不断丰富。然而,距离区块链技术落地仍面临着吞吐量小、处理效率低的关键问题。针对该问题,跨链技术作为一种有潜力,同时具备扩大吞吐量处理能力、提升处理效率的区块链技术而被广泛关注。文中给出了一种基于改进哈希时间锁的跨链资产交互协议(A Novel Hash-Time-Lock-Contract Based Cross-Chain Token Swap Mechanism,NCASP),创造性地为Fabric区块链引入账户体系,融合智能合约技术实现了在以太坊和Fabric联盟链网络之间的安全无缝资产交换。NCASP协议在每笔HTLC(Hash Time Lock Contract)转账中设置了不同的中间账户进行资产托管和转移,并在交易完成后及时销毁,使得在原有跨链交易速率不变的同时,保证了交易的安全性。通过对协议进行仿真模拟表明,该协议适用于以Fabric为代表的联盟链与比特币以及以以太坊为代表的公链,无需第三方区块链介入,即可实现高效安全的跨链资产交换,且在交易效率上比BSN(Blockchain Service Network)的跨链方案节省了约26.8%。改进的协议扩展了传统HTLC跨链资产方案的使用场景,使不同用户间的资产交换兼顾原子性、公平性以及透明性的特点。
