Background:Global climate change has had significant effects on animal distribution and population dynamics in mid-latitude alpine areas,but we know little about the basic ecology of high-altitude species due to the d...Background:Global climate change has had significant effects on animal distribution and population dynamics in mid-latitude alpine areas,but we know little about the basic ecology of high-altitude species due to the difficulties of conducting field research in the harsh climate and habitat present at high elevations.The Tibetan Snowcock(Tetraogallus tibetanus) is a little-known phasianid distributing in alpine areas at extremely high elevations in the mountains surrounding the Tibetan Plateau.Estimating the species occupancy rate and discussing the factors affecting its distribution based on infrared-triggered camera techniques would provide both a baseline to measure the influence of global warming and valuable information on its conservation and ecology.Methods:We used infrared-triggered cameras to investigate the Tibetan Snowcock on the western slope of Mt.Gongga from June to November 2016.We used the R package "overlap" to visualize its activity pattern,and used an occupancy model to both examine its habitat use as well as to determine the most influential variables affecting its habitat use.Results:Using 103 camera traps over 9213 camera-days,we recorded 428 instances of Tibetan Snowcock.The diel activity peaks of Tibetan Snowcock occurred during the periods of 8:00-10:00 am and 18:00-20:00 pm.The model estimate of occupancy for Tibetan Snowcock(0.830) was slightly higher than the na?ve site occupancy based on camera detections(0.663),indicating a wider use of habitat than the camera traps recorded.Elevation,slope,settlement density,road density,and EVI(enhanced vegetation index) were the most influential variables for its habitat use.Conclusions:The Tibetan Snowcock is confirmed to be diurnal.This species prefers an environment with a high elevation,gentle slope,and low EVI,apparently facing a trade-off between predator risk,foraging efficiency,and food availability.When human impact was low,there was a positive correlation between the habitat use of the Tibetan Snowcock and both its road and settlement den展开更多
Background:Disentangling the relative importance of environmental variables and interspecific interaction in modulating co-occurrence patterns of sympatric species is essential for understanding the mechanisms of comm...Background:Disentangling the relative importance of environmental variables and interspecific interaction in modulating co-occurrence patterns of sympatric species is essential for understanding the mechanisms of community assembly and biodiversity. For the two sympatric Galliformes, Silver Pheasants (Lophura nycthemera) and Whitenecklaced Partridges (Arborophila gingica), we know little about the role of habitat use and interspecific interactions in modulating their coexistence. Methods:We adopted a probabilistic approach incorporating habitat preference and interspecific interaction using occupancy model to account for imperfect detection,and used daily activity pattern analysis to investigate the cooccurrence pattern of these two sympatric Galliformes in wet and dry seasons. Results: We found that the detection probability of Silver Pheasant and White-necklaced Partridge were related to habitat variables and interspecific interaction. The presence of Silver Pheasant increases the detection probability of White-necklaced Partridge in both the wet and dry season. However, the presence of White-necklaced Partridges increases the detection probability of Silver Pheasants in the wet season, but decreases the probability in the dry season. Further, Silver Pheasants were detected frequently in the sites of high values of enhanced vegetable index (EVI) in both the wet and dry season, and in sites away from human residential settlement in the wet season. Whitenecklaced partridges were mainly detected in low EVI sites. The site use probabilities of two Galliformes were best explained by habitat variables, Silver Pheasants and White-necklaced Partridges preferred steeper areas during the wet and dry season. Both species mainly occurred in low EVI areas during the wet season and occupied sites away from the resident settlement during the dry season. Moreover, the site use probabilities of two species had opposite relationships with forest canopy coverage. Silver Pheasants preferred areas with high forest canopy coverage w展开更多
Disturbances caused by livestock grazing are considered as a key attributable factor for the habitat loss of red panda. The present study was carried out in Eastern Nepal mainly focusing on the habitat preferences of ...Disturbances caused by livestock grazing are considered as a key attributable factor for the habitat loss of red panda. The present study was carried out in Eastern Nepal mainly focusing on the habitat preferences of red panda and impacts of livestock grazing on it. In total, 15 linear transects were delineated at an elevation interval of 100 m assessing indirect signs of red panda and livestock. Habitat preferences of red panda, vegetation abundance, coverage percentage of vegetation layers (canopy and shrub layer) and distance to water source were recorded using randomly plotted 58 quadrats of 10 m × 10 m. Questionnaire survey and Key Informant Interviews were carried out to evaluate the perception of local community on conservation threats and importance of red panda conservation. Jaccard’s similarity index was used to determine the spatial habitat overlap of livestock and red panda. Litsea elongata, Lithocarpus pachyphylla and Rhododendron falconeri were the most common species in the study area. Grazing signs were observed from 51% of red panda habitats in the study area. Livestock herding has induced negative impacts on the habitat of red panda inside the community forests. The study findings will extend the existing body of knowledge regarding the status of red panda in Eastern Himalayas. In addition, this research will help in the formulation of effective legal and strategic framework of sustainable grazing management.展开更多
林麝(Moschus berezovskii)是重要的资源动物,也是生态系统中的重要一员,由于过度捕猎和栖息地破碎化等导致其种群急剧下降。恢复林麝种群的根本方法是保护和恢复其栖息地。林麝的排便点分布在其整个活动区内,且有很好的指示作用。本研...林麝(Moschus berezovskii)是重要的资源动物,也是生态系统中的重要一员,由于过度捕猎和栖息地破碎化等导致其种群急剧下降。恢复林麝种群的根本方法是保护和恢复其栖息地。林麝的排便点分布在其整个活动区内,且有很好的指示作用。本研究通过分析林麝排便点位置,了解林麝栖息地选择偏好。在唐家河国家级自然保护区内不同海拔梯度布置17个1 km × 1 km的样方,每个样方内至少1条样线,样线每隔400 m设置搜索样线,以发现排便点为中心设置1个10 m × 10 m 利用样方,若未发现排便点,在搜索样线中部设置1个10 m × 10 m 对照样方,并记录样方内的生境因子。采用Ivlev的选择性指数、广义线性模型及多重对应法分析林麝对生境因子的偏好。结果发现,林麝最为偏好的植被类型为针阔混交林(E=0.528),而规避常绿阔叶林(E=﹣1)、次生落叶阔叶林(E=﹣0.816)和常绿落叶阔叶林(E=﹣0.585)。此外,海拔、灌丛盖度和坡度也显著影响林麝栖息地偏好,其排便点集中分布在海拔2 000~2 600 m区间,并且偏好有一定灌丛盖度且坡度陡的生境。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31772478,31501851)the Administration of the Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve
文摘Background:Global climate change has had significant effects on animal distribution and population dynamics in mid-latitude alpine areas,but we know little about the basic ecology of high-altitude species due to the difficulties of conducting field research in the harsh climate and habitat present at high elevations.The Tibetan Snowcock(Tetraogallus tibetanus) is a little-known phasianid distributing in alpine areas at extremely high elevations in the mountains surrounding the Tibetan Plateau.Estimating the species occupancy rate and discussing the factors affecting its distribution based on infrared-triggered camera techniques would provide both a baseline to measure the influence of global warming and valuable information on its conservation and ecology.Methods:We used infrared-triggered cameras to investigate the Tibetan Snowcock on the western slope of Mt.Gongga from June to November 2016.We used the R package "overlap" to visualize its activity pattern,and used an occupancy model to both examine its habitat use as well as to determine the most influential variables affecting its habitat use.Results:Using 103 camera traps over 9213 camera-days,we recorded 428 instances of Tibetan Snowcock.The diel activity peaks of Tibetan Snowcock occurred during the periods of 8:00-10:00 am and 18:00-20:00 pm.The model estimate of occupancy for Tibetan Snowcock(0.830) was slightly higher than the na?ve site occupancy based on camera detections(0.663),indicating a wider use of habitat than the camera traps recorded.Elevation,slope,settlement density,road density,and EVI(enhanced vegetation index) were the most influential variables for its habitat use.Conclusions:The Tibetan Snowcock is confirmed to be diurnal.This species prefers an environment with a high elevation,gentle slope,and low EVI,apparently facing a trade-off between predator risk,foraging efficiency,and food availability.When human impact was low,there was a positive correlation between the habitat use of the Tibetan Snowcock and both its road and settlement den
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0503802)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017M 620905)
文摘Background:Disentangling the relative importance of environmental variables and interspecific interaction in modulating co-occurrence patterns of sympatric species is essential for understanding the mechanisms of community assembly and biodiversity. For the two sympatric Galliformes, Silver Pheasants (Lophura nycthemera) and Whitenecklaced Partridges (Arborophila gingica), we know little about the role of habitat use and interspecific interactions in modulating their coexistence. Methods:We adopted a probabilistic approach incorporating habitat preference and interspecific interaction using occupancy model to account for imperfect detection,and used daily activity pattern analysis to investigate the cooccurrence pattern of these two sympatric Galliformes in wet and dry seasons. Results: We found that the detection probability of Silver Pheasant and White-necklaced Partridge were related to habitat variables and interspecific interaction. The presence of Silver Pheasant increases the detection probability of White-necklaced Partridge in both the wet and dry season. However, the presence of White-necklaced Partridges increases the detection probability of Silver Pheasants in the wet season, but decreases the probability in the dry season. Further, Silver Pheasants were detected frequently in the sites of high values of enhanced vegetable index (EVI) in both the wet and dry season, and in sites away from human residential settlement in the wet season. Whitenecklaced partridges were mainly detected in low EVI sites. The site use probabilities of two Galliformes were best explained by habitat variables, Silver Pheasants and White-necklaced Partridges preferred steeper areas during the wet and dry season. Both species mainly occurred in low EVI areas during the wet season and occupied sites away from the resident settlement during the dry season. Moreover, the site use probabilities of two species had opposite relationships with forest canopy coverage. Silver Pheasants preferred areas with high forest canopy coverage w
文摘Disturbances caused by livestock grazing are considered as a key attributable factor for the habitat loss of red panda. The present study was carried out in Eastern Nepal mainly focusing on the habitat preferences of red panda and impacts of livestock grazing on it. In total, 15 linear transects were delineated at an elevation interval of 100 m assessing indirect signs of red panda and livestock. Habitat preferences of red panda, vegetation abundance, coverage percentage of vegetation layers (canopy and shrub layer) and distance to water source were recorded using randomly plotted 58 quadrats of 10 m × 10 m. Questionnaire survey and Key Informant Interviews were carried out to evaluate the perception of local community on conservation threats and importance of red panda conservation. Jaccard’s similarity index was used to determine the spatial habitat overlap of livestock and red panda. Litsea elongata, Lithocarpus pachyphylla and Rhododendron falconeri were the most common species in the study area. Grazing signs were observed from 51% of red panda habitats in the study area. Livestock herding has induced negative impacts on the habitat of red panda inside the community forests. The study findings will extend the existing body of knowledge regarding the status of red panda in Eastern Himalayas. In addition, this research will help in the formulation of effective legal and strategic framework of sustainable grazing management.
文摘林麝(Moschus berezovskii)是重要的资源动物,也是生态系统中的重要一员,由于过度捕猎和栖息地破碎化等导致其种群急剧下降。恢复林麝种群的根本方法是保护和恢复其栖息地。林麝的排便点分布在其整个活动区内,且有很好的指示作用。本研究通过分析林麝排便点位置,了解林麝栖息地选择偏好。在唐家河国家级自然保护区内不同海拔梯度布置17个1 km × 1 km的样方,每个样方内至少1条样线,样线每隔400 m设置搜索样线,以发现排便点为中心设置1个10 m × 10 m 利用样方,若未发现排便点,在搜索样线中部设置1个10 m × 10 m 对照样方,并记录样方内的生境因子。采用Ivlev的选择性指数、广义线性模型及多重对应法分析林麝对生境因子的偏好。结果发现,林麝最为偏好的植被类型为针阔混交林(E=0.528),而规避常绿阔叶林(E=﹣1)、次生落叶阔叶林(E=﹣0.816)和常绿落叶阔叶林(E=﹣0.585)。此外,海拔、灌丛盖度和坡度也显著影响林麝栖息地偏好,其排便点集中分布在海拔2 000~2 600 m区间,并且偏好有一定灌丛盖度且坡度陡的生境。
