This paper uses the HS2 extension cancellation in November 2021 as a quasi-experiment to study its impact on house prices and rents in Leeds.Using a DiD approach on repeat sales and monthly rents,I compare property va...This paper uses the HS2 extension cancellation in November 2021 as a quasi-experiment to study its impact on house prices and rents in Leeds.Using a DiD approach on repeat sales and monthly rents,I compare property values near the HS2 station and proposed construction site before and after the announcement.Results show a 3.6%decrease in house prices and a 3.9%decline in rents near the station,while properties near the construction site experienced a 2.4%increase in prices and a 2.1%rise in rents.This is the first paper to analyse the HS2 cancellation effect using panel data methods.展开更多
Our previous studies showed that some nuclear proteins that were expressed especially during terminal differentiation of erythroid cells might interact directly or indirectly with HS2 sequence to form the HS2-protein ...Our previous studies showed that some nuclear proteins that were expressed especially during terminal differentiation of erythroid cells might interact directly or indirectly with HS2 sequence to form the HS2-protein complexes and thus play an important role in the globin gene regulation and erythroid differentiation. Monoclonal antibodies against the nuclear proteins of terminal differentiated erythroid cells, including intermediate and late erythroblasts of human fetal liver and hemin induced K562 cells, were prepared by hybridoma technique. The monoclonal antibodies were used to screen λ-gtll human cDNA expression library of fetal liver in order to obtain the relevant cDNA clones. By the analysis of their cDNA clones and the identification of the proteins' functions, the regulation mechanism of the HS2 binding proteins might be better understood. Two cDNA clones (GenBank accession number AF040247 and AF040248 respectively) were obtained and one of them owns a full length and the other encodes a protein characterized by a leu-cine-zipper domain. Both of them were expressed differentially in K562 cells and hemin-induced K562 cells. The evidence suggested that both of them were involved in erythroid differentiation. We investigated the expression pattern of EDRF1 and EDRF2 by RT-PCR technique. The results of RT-PCR suggested that EDRF1 and EDRF2 might play a critical role in early stage of organ development and histological differentiation. EDRF1 and EDRF2 might start the program of erythroid development, and also regulate the development of erythroid tissue and the expression of globin gene at different stage of the development.展开更多
Erythroid differentiation depends on the establishment of specific patterns of gene expression. Hypersensitive site 2 (HS2, serving as a major enhancer of globin genes)-binding proteins may be involved in its natural ...Erythroid differentiation depends on the establishment of specific patterns of gene expression. Hypersensitive site 2 (HS2, serving as a major enhancer of globin genes)-binding proteins may be involved in its natural open chromosomal environment formation. Previously we prepared monoclonal antibodies against HS2-binding nuclear proteins of terminal differentiated erythroid cells. By utilizing the monoclonal antibodies, we screened λ-gt11 human fetal liver cDNA expression library and obtained one cDNA clone, which was named erythroid differentiation related gene (EDRF1, Genbank accession number AF040247) , encompassing an entire open reading frame. We investigated the expression pattern of EDRF1 by RT-PCR technique. And a clue to the function of EDRF1 has been found from confirmation of high levels of EDRF1 mRNA in differentiated K562 and human fetal liver tissue. To illuminate the function of EDRF1 in K562 cells, sense and antisense EDRF1 constructs were prepared and transfected into K562 cells, α-globin mRNA was down-regulated and EpoR (erythropoietin receptor) mRNA expression was increased in antisense transfected cells. Cells transfected with sense construct grew more slowly than control cells suggested by [3H] thimidine incorporation experiments. Suppression of K562 proliferation was accompanied by increased spontaneous hemoglobin synthesis demonstrated by spectrometry.K562 cells transfected with sense construct exhibited reduced clongenicity compared with control cells in methycellulose culture. These data provided the evidence that EDRF1 can influence globin expression and hemoglobin synthesis in K562 cells and modulated self-renewal in K562 cells.展开更多
HMG proteins are abundant chromosomal non-histone proteins. It has been suggested that the HMG proteins may play an important role in the structure and function of chromatin. In the present study, the binding of HMG p...HMG proteins are abundant chromosomal non-histone proteins. It has been suggested that the HMG proteins may play an important role in the structure and function of chromatin. In the present study, the binding of HMG proteins (HMG1/2 and HMG14/17) to the core DNA sequence of DNasel hypersensitive site 2 (HS2core DNA sequence, -10681-10970 bp) in the locus control region (LCR) of the human β-like globin gene cluster has been examined by using both the in vitro nucleosome reconstitution and the gel mobility shift assays. Here we show that HMG1/2 can bind to the naked HS2core DNA sequence, however, HMG 14/17 cannot. Using the in vitro nucleosome reconstitution we demonstrate that HMG14/17 can bind to the HS2core DNA sequence which is assembled into nucleosomes with the core histone octamer transferred from chicken erythrocytes. In contrast, HMG 1/2 cannot bind to the nucleosomes reconstituted in vitro with the HS2core DNA sequence. These results indicate that the binding patterns between HMG proteins and the HS2core DNA sequence which exists in different states (the naked DNA or the in vitro reconstituted nucleosomal DNA) are quite different. We speculate that HMG proteins might play a critical role in the regulation of the human β-like globin gene's expression.展开更多
The DNasel hypersensitive site 2 (HS2) of human β-globin locus control region (LCR) is required fOr the high level expression of human d-globin genes. In the present study, a stage-specific protein factor (LPF-β) wa...The DNasel hypersensitive site 2 (HS2) of human β-globin locus control region (LCR) is required fOr the high level expression of human d-globin genes. In the present study, a stage-specific protein factor (LPF-β) was identified in the nuclear extract prepared from mouse fetal liver at d 18 of gestation, which could bind to the HS2 region of humanβ-globin LCRt We also found that the shift band of LPF-βfactor could be competed by humanβ-globin promoter. However, it couldn’t be competed by human E-globin promoter or by human Aβ-globin promoter. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that the binding-sequence of LPF-d factor is 5’CACACCCTA 3’,which is located at the HS2 region ofβ-LCR (from -10845 to -10853 bp) and humanβ-globin promoter (from -92 to -84 bp). We speculated that these regions containing the CACCC box in both the humallβ-globin promoter and HS2 might function as stage selector elements in the regulation of humanβd-globin switching and the LPF-βfactor might be a stage-specific protein factor involved in the regulation of humanβ-globin gene expression.展开更多
A globally accurate single-sheeted double many-body expansion potential energy surface is reported for the first excited state of HS_2 by fitting the accurate ab initio energies, which are calculated at the multirefer...A globally accurate single-sheeted double many-body expansion potential energy surface is reported for the first excited state of HS_2 by fitting the accurate ab initio energies, which are calculated at the multireference configuration interaction level with the aug-cc-pVQZ basis set. By using the double many-body expansion-scaled external correlation method,such calculated ab initio energies are then slightly corrected by scaling their dynamical correlation. A grid of 2767 ab initio energies is used in the least-square fitting procedure with the total root-mean square deviation being 1.406 kcal · mol^（-1）.The topographical features of the HS_2（A_2A＇） global potential energy surface are examined in detail. The attributes of the stationary points are presented and compared with the corresponding ab initio results as well as experimental and other theoretical data, showing good agreement. The resulting potential energy surface of HS_2（A_2A＇） can be used as a building block for constructing the global potential energy surfaces of larger S/H molecular systems and recommended for dynamic studies on the title molecular system.展开更多
The self assembled monolayer(SAM) of 11 mercaptoundecanoic acid [HS(CH 2) 10 COOH] was formed on a gold electrode and the effect of the charge of end group on the electrochemical response of Fe(CN) 3- 6 at the SAM mod...The self assembled monolayer(SAM) of 11 mercaptoundecanoic acid [HS(CH 2) 10 COOH] was formed on a gold electrode and the effect of the charge of end group on the electrochemical response of Fe(CN) 3- 6 at the SAM modified electrode was studied by cyclic voltammetry. At high pH, when the —COOH groups are dissociated, the current of Fe(CN) 3- 6 is suppressed; as the solution pH is lowered, the current of Fe(CN) 3- 6 increases. The electrochemical titration curve was obtained by correlating the currents of Fe(CN) 3- 6 to the different pH values of electrolyte, from which the surface p K a was obtained to be 3.0±0.2. Furthermore, the reason of small p K a value was explained using SAMs of different surface coverage.展开更多
文摘This paper uses the HS2 extension cancellation in November 2021 as a quasi-experiment to study its impact on house prices and rents in Leeds.Using a DiD approach on repeat sales and monthly rents,I compare property values near the HS2 station and proposed construction site before and after the announcement.Results show a 3.6%decrease in house prices and a 3.9%decline in rents near the station,while properties near the construction site experienced a 2.4%increase in prices and a 2.1%rise in rents.This is the first paper to analyse the HS2 cancellation effect using panel data methods.
文摘Our previous studies showed that some nuclear proteins that were expressed especially during terminal differentiation of erythroid cells might interact directly or indirectly with HS2 sequence to form the HS2-protein complexes and thus play an important role in the globin gene regulation and erythroid differentiation. Monoclonal antibodies against the nuclear proteins of terminal differentiated erythroid cells, including intermediate and late erythroblasts of human fetal liver and hemin induced K562 cells, were prepared by hybridoma technique. The monoclonal antibodies were used to screen λ-gtll human cDNA expression library of fetal liver in order to obtain the relevant cDNA clones. By the analysis of their cDNA clones and the identification of the proteins' functions, the regulation mechanism of the HS2 binding proteins might be better understood. Two cDNA clones (GenBank accession number AF040247 and AF040248 respectively) were obtained and one of them owns a full length and the other encodes a protein characterized by a leu-cine-zipper domain. Both of them were expressed differentially in K562 cells and hemin-induced K562 cells. The evidence suggested that both of them were involved in erythroid differentiation. We investigated the expression pattern of EDRF1 and EDRF2 by RT-PCR technique. The results of RT-PCR suggested that EDRF1 and EDRF2 might play a critical role in early stage of organ development and histological differentiation. EDRF1 and EDRF2 might start the program of erythroid development, and also regulate the development of erythroid tissue and the expression of globin gene at different stage of the development.
文摘Erythroid differentiation depends on the establishment of specific patterns of gene expression. Hypersensitive site 2 (HS2, serving as a major enhancer of globin genes)-binding proteins may be involved in its natural open chromosomal environment formation. Previously we prepared monoclonal antibodies against HS2-binding nuclear proteins of terminal differentiated erythroid cells. By utilizing the monoclonal antibodies, we screened λ-gt11 human fetal liver cDNA expression library and obtained one cDNA clone, which was named erythroid differentiation related gene (EDRF1, Genbank accession number AF040247) , encompassing an entire open reading frame. We investigated the expression pattern of EDRF1 by RT-PCR technique. And a clue to the function of EDRF1 has been found from confirmation of high levels of EDRF1 mRNA in differentiated K562 and human fetal liver tissue. To illuminate the function of EDRF1 in K562 cells, sense and antisense EDRF1 constructs were prepared and transfected into K562 cells, α-globin mRNA was down-regulated and EpoR (erythropoietin receptor) mRNA expression was increased in antisense transfected cells. Cells transfected with sense construct grew more slowly than control cells suggested by [3H] thimidine incorporation experiments. Suppression of K562 proliferation was accompanied by increased spontaneous hemoglobin synthesis demonstrated by spectrometry.K562 cells transfected with sense construct exhibited reduced clongenicity compared with control cells in methycellulose culture. These data provided the evidence that EDRF1 can influence globin expression and hemoglobin synthesis in K562 cells and modulated self-renewal in K562 cells.
文摘HMG proteins are abundant chromosomal non-histone proteins. It has been suggested that the HMG proteins may play an important role in the structure and function of chromatin. In the present study, the binding of HMG proteins (HMG1/2 and HMG14/17) to the core DNA sequence of DNasel hypersensitive site 2 (HS2core DNA sequence, -10681-10970 bp) in the locus control region (LCR) of the human β-like globin gene cluster has been examined by using both the in vitro nucleosome reconstitution and the gel mobility shift assays. Here we show that HMG1/2 can bind to the naked HS2core DNA sequence, however, HMG 14/17 cannot. Using the in vitro nucleosome reconstitution we demonstrate that HMG14/17 can bind to the HS2core DNA sequence which is assembled into nucleosomes with the core histone octamer transferred from chicken erythrocytes. In contrast, HMG 1/2 cannot bind to the nucleosomes reconstituted in vitro with the HS2core DNA sequence. These results indicate that the binding patterns between HMG proteins and the HS2core DNA sequence which exists in different states (the naked DNA or the in vitro reconstituted nucleosomal DNA) are quite different. We speculate that HMG proteins might play a critical role in the regulation of the human β-like globin gene's expression.
文摘The DNasel hypersensitive site 2 (HS2) of human β-globin locus control region (LCR) is required fOr the high level expression of human d-globin genes. In the present study, a stage-specific protein factor (LPF-β) was identified in the nuclear extract prepared from mouse fetal liver at d 18 of gestation, which could bind to the HS2 region of humanβ-globin LCRt We also found that the shift band of LPF-βfactor could be competed by humanβ-globin promoter. However, it couldn’t be competed by human E-globin promoter or by human Aβ-globin promoter. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that the binding-sequence of LPF-d factor is 5’CACACCCTA 3’,which is located at the HS2 region ofβ-LCR (from -10845 to -10853 bp) and humanβ-globin promoter (from -92 to -84 bp). We speculated that these regions containing the CACCC box in both the humallβ-globin promoter and HS2 might function as stage selector elements in the regulation of humanβd-globin switching and the LPF-βfactor might be a stage-specific protein factor involved in the regulation of humanβ-globin gene expression.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11304185)the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province,China+3 种基金the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.ZR2014AM022)the Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program,China(Grant No.J15LJ03)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2014M561957)the Post-doctoral Innovation Project of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.201402013)
文摘A globally accurate single-sheeted double many-body expansion potential energy surface is reported for the first excited state of HS_2 by fitting the accurate ab initio energies, which are calculated at the multireference configuration interaction level with the aug-cc-pVQZ basis set. By using the double many-body expansion-scaled external correlation method,such calculated ab initio energies are then slightly corrected by scaling their dynamical correlation. A grid of 2767 ab initio energies is used in the least-square fitting procedure with the total root-mean square deviation being 1.406 kcal · mol^（-1）.The topographical features of the HS_2（A_2A＇） global potential energy surface are examined in detail. The attributes of the stationary points are presented and compared with the corresponding ab initio results as well as experimental and other theoretical data, showing good agreement. The resulting potential energy surface of HS_2（A_2A＇） can be used as a building block for constructing the global potential energy surfaces of larger S/H molecular systems and recommended for dynamic studies on the title molecular system.
文摘The self assembled monolayer(SAM) of 11 mercaptoundecanoic acid [HS(CH 2) 10 COOH] was formed on a gold electrode and the effect of the charge of end group on the electrochemical response of Fe(CN) 3- 6 at the SAM modified electrode was studied by cyclic voltammetry. At high pH, when the —COOH groups are dissociated, the current of Fe(CN) 3- 6 is suppressed; as the solution pH is lowered, the current of Fe(CN) 3- 6 increases. The electrochemical titration curve was obtained by correlating the currents of Fe(CN) 3- 6 to the different pH values of electrolyte, from which the surface p K a was obtained to be 3.0±0.2. Furthermore, the reason of small p K a value was explained using SAMs of different surface coverage.
