Pre- and post-defoliation radial growth rates were used to examine the effects of silvicultural thinning and two consecutive years of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) defoliation on Quercus spp. wood volume production...Pre- and post-defoliation radial growth rates were used to examine the effects of silvicultural thinning and two consecutive years of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) defoliation on Quercus spp. wood volume production. In the first phase of the study, tree rings from 65 dissected stems, were used to develop polynomial models to estimate annual cumulative volume (m3) increment for the entire merchantable stem, as a function of dbh (tree diameter at 1.37 m above the ground). In Phase II of the study, 81 additional trees were sampled using only increment cores. Cumulative diameter increments from the cores were used in the polynomial models to compare tree volume growth changes during and after defoliation among the thinning treatments. Even though there was no significant difference in estimated volume lost during defoliation among treatments, post-defoliation growth was enhanced by thinning. Total volume reduction from defoliation ranged from 28,049 (±17,462) cm3 to 25,993 (±16,251) cm3 per tree. The stand receiving the thinning treatment with the lowest residual stocking produced significantly more volume (P = 0.002) after defoliation than the other treatments.展开更多
Starting from propargyl alcohol （12）, and on the basis of Zhou＇s modified Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, the sex pheromone of the Gypsy moth, disparlure （＋）-8 and its enantiomer （-）-8 have been synthesized,...Starting from propargyl alcohol （12）, and on the basis of Zhou＇s modified Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, the sex pheromone of the Gypsy moth, disparlure （＋）-8 and its enantiomer （-）-8 have been synthesized, each in six steps, with overall yields of 29% for （＋）-8 and 27% for （-）-8 （ee〉98%）. The use of the sequential coupling tactic renders the method flexible, which is applicable to the synthesis of other cis-epoxy pheromones.展开更多
文摘Pre- and post-defoliation radial growth rates were used to examine the effects of silvicultural thinning and two consecutive years of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) defoliation on Quercus spp. wood volume production. In the first phase of the study, tree rings from 65 dissected stems, were used to develop polynomial models to estimate annual cumulative volume (m3) increment for the entire merchantable stem, as a function of dbh (tree diameter at 1.37 m above the ground). In Phase II of the study, 81 additional trees were sampled using only increment cores. Cumulative diameter increments from the cores were used in the polynomial models to compare tree volume growth changes during and after defoliation among the thinning treatments. Even though there was no significant difference in estimated volume lost during defoliation among treatments, post-defoliation growth was enhanced by thinning. Total volume reduction from defoliation ranged from 28,049 (±17,462) cm3 to 25,993 (±16,251) cm3 per tree. The stand receiving the thinning treatment with the lowest residual stocking produced significantly more volume (P = 0.002) after defoliation than the other treatments.
基金This work was search Program supported by the （973 Program） National Basic Reof China （No. 2010CB833200）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 20832005） and the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China （No. 2011J01054）.
文摘Starting from propargyl alcohol （12）, and on the basis of Zhou＇s modified Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, the sex pheromone of the Gypsy moth, disparlure （＋）-8 and its enantiomer （-）-8 have been synthesized, each in six steps, with overall yields of 29% for （＋）-8 and 27% for （-）-8 （ee〉98%）. The use of the sequential coupling tactic renders the method flexible, which is applicable to the synthesis of other cis-epoxy pheromones.
