The horizontal to vertical spectral ratio(HVSR)methodology is used here to characterize pumice soils and to image the three-dimensional surface geometry of Guadalajara,Mexico.Similar to other Latin American cities,Gua...The horizontal to vertical spectral ratio(HVSR)methodology is used here to characterize pumice soils and to image the three-dimensional surface geometry of Guadalajara,Mexico.Similar to other Latin American cities,Guadalajara is exposed to high seismic risk,with the particularity of being the largest urban settlement in Latin America built on pumice soils.Methodology has not yet been tested to characterize subsoil depths in pumice sands.Due to the questionable use of traditional geotechnical tests for the analysis of pumice soils,HVSR provides an alternative for its characterization without altering its fragile and porous structure.In this work,resonance frequency(F0)and peak amplitude(A0)are used to constrain the depth of the major impedance contrast that represents the interface between bedrock and pumice soil.Results were compared with borehole depths and other available geotechnical and geophysical data and show good agreement.One of the profiles estimated on the riverbanks that cross the city,reveals different subsoil thickness that could have an impact on different site responses on riverine areas to an eventual earthquake.Government and academic efforts are combined in this work to characterize depth sediments,an important parameter that impacts the regulations for construction in the city.展开更多
To highlight the importance of small earthquakes in seismic hazard, a study of the 11 May 2016, Mw 4.9, Tesistan, Mexico earthquake is presented. Due to the close proximity of the event to the city, accelerations were...To highlight the importance of small earthquakes in seismic hazard, a study of the 11 May 2016, Mw 4.9, Tesistan, Mexico earthquake is presented. Due to the close proximity of the event to the city, accelerations were considerably higher than those caused by historical severe earthquakes (6.0 < Mw < 8.2). This paper addresses two objectives related to the Tesistan event: the fi rst is to estimate the focal mechanism solution in order to place the event in the context of the tectonic environment of this area. The second is focused on a vulnerability evaluation of buildings that suff ered resonance. Several building′s typologies with variations in construction system and height are assessed in terms of resonance with the structural and soil periods. The results show that around the Zapopan station, strong damage is expected in intermediate to high-rise buildings (12-30 m) with moment resistant frame systems and in reinforced concrete shear walls. Masonry structures around this station may not present resonance. In contrast, in the surroundings of the Guadalajara station, all intermediate height buildings from 9 to 21 m may present resonance.展开更多
Guadalajara city is the capital of the Mexican federal state of Jalisco. It is located close to the Pacific coast and is subjected to a large seismic risk. We present a seismic response study for some sites along the ...Guadalajara city is the capital of the Mexican federal state of Jalisco. It is located close to the Pacific coast and is subjected to a large seismic risk. We present a seismic response study for some sites along the city. We calculated response spectra of shear-waves by using seismic records of actual earthquakes registered on rock and near the source as Green functions and propagated them trough a flat and horizontal layered media using a linear equivalent method to compare them with the response spectra calculated according to the Federal Commission of Electricity (CFE) seismic design buildings Manual (MOC-2008, 2008) which is widely used as reference on construction projects in Mexico. Our results show that MOC-2008 manual underestimates the spectral amplitudes and frequency band for the response spectra.展开更多
Energy development plans involving the use of solar energy are very beneficial from an environmental perspective. Its impacts are specific to geographic location;taking advantage of the solar energy potential basicall...Energy development plans involving the use of solar energy are very beneficial from an environmental perspective. Its impacts are specific to geographic location;taking advantage of the solar energy potential basically depends on reliable estimates of the climatological amount of solar radiation received at the surface, which is a complex function of meteorological and environmental factors. Obtaining solar radiation data is essential for local development, to characterize them, there are several cutting-edge methods and technologies. One of them is the use of satellite images with high resolution. The aim of this paper is to assess the climatological aspects of incoming solar radiation in clear sky conditions in the State of Jalisco, Mexico and Guadalajara Metropolitan Zone. The results are intended to stimulate the use of solar radiation as an alternative energy source in an area where heavily relying on fossil fuel combustion.展开更多
Objectives:To determine whether air pollution or changes in SARS-CoV-2 lineages lead to an increase in mortality.Methods:Descriptive statistics were used to calculate rates of infection(2020-2021).RT ePCR was used to ...Objectives:To determine whether air pollution or changes in SARS-CoV-2 lineages lead to an increase in mortality.Methods:Descriptive statistics were used to calculate rates of infection(2020-2021).RT ePCR was used to compare viral loads from October 2020 to February 2021.Nextgeneration sequencing(NGS)(n=92)was used to examine and phylogenetically map SARS-CoV-2 lineages.A correlative“air pollution/temperature”index(I)was developed using regression analysis.PM_(2.5),PM_(10),O_(3),NO_(2),SO_(2),and CO concentrations were analyzed and compared to the mortality.Results:The mortality rate during the last year was~32%.Relative SARS-CoV-2 viral loads increased in December 2020 and January 2021.NGS revealed that approximately 80%of SARS-CoV-2 linages were B.1.243(33.7%),B1.1.222(11.2%),B.1.1(9%),B.1(7%),B.1.1.159(7%),and B.1.2(7%).Two periods were analyzed,the prehigh-and high-mortality periods and no significant lineage differences or new lineages were found.Positive correlations of air pollution/temperature index values with mortality were found for IPM_(2.5) and IPM_(10).INO_(2).ISO_(2),and ICO but not for O_(3).Using ICO,we developed a model to predict mortality with an estimated variation of~±5 deaths per day.展开更多
基金Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología of Mexico(CONACyT)under Grant No.1000473。
文摘The horizontal to vertical spectral ratio(HVSR)methodology is used here to characterize pumice soils and to image the three-dimensional surface geometry of Guadalajara,Mexico.Similar to other Latin American cities,Guadalajara is exposed to high seismic risk,with the particularity of being the largest urban settlement in Latin America built on pumice soils.Methodology has not yet been tested to characterize subsoil depths in pumice sands.Due to the questionable use of traditional geotechnical tests for the analysis of pumice soils,HVSR provides an alternative for its characterization without altering its fragile and porous structure.In this work,resonance frequency(F0)and peak amplitude(A0)are used to constrain the depth of the major impedance contrast that represents the interface between bedrock and pumice soil.Results were compared with borehole depths and other available geotechnical and geophysical data and show good agreement.One of the profiles estimated on the riverbanks that cross the city,reveals different subsoil thickness that could have an impact on different site responses on riverine areas to an eventual earthquake.Government and academic efforts are combined in this work to characterize depth sediments,an important parameter that impacts the regulations for construction in the city.
文摘To highlight the importance of small earthquakes in seismic hazard, a study of the 11 May 2016, Mw 4.9, Tesistan, Mexico earthquake is presented. Due to the close proximity of the event to the city, accelerations were considerably higher than those caused by historical severe earthquakes (6.0 < Mw < 8.2). This paper addresses two objectives related to the Tesistan event: the fi rst is to estimate the focal mechanism solution in order to place the event in the context of the tectonic environment of this area. The second is focused on a vulnerability evaluation of buildings that suff ered resonance. Several building′s typologies with variations in construction system and height are assessed in terms of resonance with the structural and soil periods. The results show that around the Zapopan station, strong damage is expected in intermediate to high-rise buildings (12-30 m) with moment resistant frame systems and in reinforced concrete shear walls. Masonry structures around this station may not present resonance. In contrast, in the surroundings of the Guadalajara station, all intermediate height buildings from 9 to 21 m may present resonance.
文摘Guadalajara city is the capital of the Mexican federal state of Jalisco. It is located close to the Pacific coast and is subjected to a large seismic risk. We present a seismic response study for some sites along the city. We calculated response spectra of shear-waves by using seismic records of actual earthquakes registered on rock and near the source as Green functions and propagated them trough a flat and horizontal layered media using a linear equivalent method to compare them with the response spectra calculated according to the Federal Commission of Electricity (CFE) seismic design buildings Manual (MOC-2008, 2008) which is widely used as reference on construction projects in Mexico. Our results show that MOC-2008 manual underestimates the spectral amplitudes and frequency band for the response spectra.
文摘Energy development plans involving the use of solar energy are very beneficial from an environmental perspective. Its impacts are specific to geographic location;taking advantage of the solar energy potential basically depends on reliable estimates of the climatological amount of solar radiation received at the surface, which is a complex function of meteorological and environmental factors. Obtaining solar radiation data is essential for local development, to characterize them, there are several cutting-edge methods and technologies. One of them is the use of satellite images with high resolution. The aim of this paper is to assess the climatological aspects of incoming solar radiation in clear sky conditions in the State of Jalisco, Mexico and Guadalajara Metropolitan Zone. The results are intended to stimulate the use of solar radiation as an alternative energy source in an area where heavily relying on fossil fuel combustion.
基金funded by Mexicana de Investigacion y Biotectogía,S.A.de C.V.
文摘Objectives:To determine whether air pollution or changes in SARS-CoV-2 lineages lead to an increase in mortality.Methods:Descriptive statistics were used to calculate rates of infection(2020-2021).RT ePCR was used to compare viral loads from October 2020 to February 2021.Nextgeneration sequencing(NGS)(n=92)was used to examine and phylogenetically map SARS-CoV-2 lineages.A correlative“air pollution/temperature”index(I)was developed using regression analysis.PM_(2.5),PM_(10),O_(3),NO_(2),SO_(2),and CO concentrations were analyzed and compared to the mortality.Results:The mortality rate during the last year was~32%.Relative SARS-CoV-2 viral loads increased in December 2020 and January 2021.NGS revealed that approximately 80%of SARS-CoV-2 linages were B.1.243(33.7%),B1.1.222(11.2%),B.1.1(9%),B.1(7%),B.1.1.159(7%),and B.1.2(7%).Two periods were analyzed,the prehigh-and high-mortality periods and no significant lineage differences or new lineages were found.Positive correlations of air pollution/temperature index values with mortality were found for IPM_(2.5) and IPM_(10).INO_(2).ISO_(2),and ICO but not for O_(3).Using ICO,we developed a model to predict mortality with an estimated variation of~±5 deaths per day.
