Aggrecan is the major proteoglycan in the articular cartilage. This molecule is important in the proper functioning of articular cartilage because it provides a hydrated gel structure (via its interaction with hyaluro...Aggrecan is the major proteoglycan in the articular cartilage. This molecule is important in the proper functioning of articular cartilage because it provides a hydrated gel structure (via its interaction with hyaluronan and link protein) that endows the cartilage with load-bearing properties. It is also crucial in chondroskeletal morphogenesis during development. Aggrecan is a multimodular molecule expressed by chondrocytes. Its core protein is composed of three globular domains (G1, G2, and G3) and a large extended region (CS) between G2 and G3 for glycosaminoglycan chain attachment. G1 comprises the amino terminus of the core protein. This domain has the same structural motif as link protein. Functionally, the G1 domain interacts with hyaluronan acid and link protein, forming stable ternary complexes in the extracellular matrix. G2 is homologous to the tandem repeats of G1 and of link protein and is involved in product processing. G3 makes up the carboxyl terminus of the core protein. It enhances glycosaminoglycan modification and product secretion. Aggrecan plays an important role in mediating chondrocyte-chondrocyte and chondrocyte-matrix interactions through its ability to bind hyaluronan.展开更多
目的:探讨黄芪多糖对大鼠骨关节炎(OA)的影响。方法:4%木瓜蛋白酶关节腔注射建立大鼠OA模型,1周后50只大鼠分成5组:正常组、模型组、0.10,0.25,0.50 g/L的黄芪多糖治疗组,分组后即开始用不同浓度的黄芪多糖关节腔注射治疗,每3 d 1次,每...目的:探讨黄芪多糖对大鼠骨关节炎(OA)的影响。方法:4%木瓜蛋白酶关节腔注射建立大鼠OA模型,1周后50只大鼠分成5组:正常组、模型组、0.10,0.25,0.50 g/L的黄芪多糖治疗组,分组后即开始用不同浓度的黄芪多糖关节腔注射治疗,每3 d 1次,每次双膝各注射0.2 ml,对照组注射生理盐水。6周后处死动物,抽取血液、取关节滑膜检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA),切取关节,进行大体及组织学观察,用免疫组织化学方法检测基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)、基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)在关节软骨中的表达。结果:黄芪多糖在高浓度可明显修复关节软骨的退变(P<0.01),降低关节滑膜、血清的MDA水平(均P<0.01),增加SOD活性(P<0.01);在低浓度时对关节软骨的修复作用并不明显(P>0.05),也不能显著降低关节滑膜、血清的MDA水平(均P>0.05)和增加SOD活性(P>0.05)。黄芪多糖可以抑制MMP-3在关节软骨中的表达(P<0.01),黄芪多糖在高浓度时可明显增加关节软骨中葡糖氨基聚糖(GAG)含量(P<0.01)。结论:黄芪多糖关节腔注射治疗大鼠OA可促进退变软骨的修复。展开更多
Versican belongs to the family of the large aggregating chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans located primarily within the extracellular matrix （ECM）. Versican, like other members of its family, has unique N- and C-term...Versican belongs to the family of the large aggregating chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans located primarily within the extracellular matrix （ECM）. Versican, like other members of its family, has unique N- and C-terminal globular regions, each with multiple motifs. A large glycosaminoglycan-binding region lies between them. This review will begin by outlining these structures, in the context of ECM proteoglycans. The diverse binding partners afforded to versican by virtue of its modular design will then be examined. These include ECM components, such as hyaluronan, type Ⅰ collagen, tenascin-R, fibulin-1, and -2, fibrillin-1, fibronectin, P- and L-selectins, and chemokines. Versican also binds to the cell surface proteins CD44, integrin β1, epidermal growth factor receptor, and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1. These multiple interactors play important roles in cell behaviour, and the roles of versican in modulating such processes are discussed.展开更多
目的研究扇贝裙边糖胺聚糖（glycosaminoglycan from Scallop Skirt，SS-GAG）体外抗单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型（HSV-Ⅰ）的作用。方法运用单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型（HSV-ⅠSM44株），并以非洲绿猴肾细胞（Vero细胞）为宿主细胞，通过观察病毒感染后的...目的研究扇贝裙边糖胺聚糖（glycosaminoglycan from Scallop Skirt，SS-GAG）体外抗单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型（HSV-Ⅰ）的作用。方法运用单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型（HSV-ⅠSM44株），并以非洲绿猴肾细胞（Vero细胞）为宿主细胞，通过观察病毒感染后的细胞变性反应（cytopathiceffect，CPE）和运用MTF比色法，检测不同浓度药物SS—GAG对Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒是否有直接的灭活作用、对HSV—Ⅰ感染复制的抑制活性以及对HSV—Ⅰ感染细胞的综合作用等，并观察药物对Vero细胞的毒性作用。结果与病毒对照组相比，SS-GAG各浓度组（100、50、25mg·L^-1）能有效地保护经HSV—Ⅰ感染的Vero细胞，使细胞活性增强（P〈0．01）；并减弱HSV—Ⅰ导致的病变效应，抑制病毒的复制。此作用随着药物浓度的增加而增强。但是SS—GAG对HSV—Ⅰ没有直接的灭活作用；SSGAG在50～1600mg·L^-1浓度范围内对Vero细胞无明显的细胞毒性。结论SS-GAG在体外实验系统中显示出明显的保护宿主细胞抵抗HSV-Ⅰ病毒感染的活性作用。展开更多
Chemokines are an indispensable component of our immune system through the regulation of directional migration and activation of leukocytes.CxCL8 is the most potent human neutrophil-attracting chemokine and plays cruc...Chemokines are an indispensable component of our immune system through the regulation of directional migration and activation of leukocytes.CxCL8 is the most potent human neutrophil-attracting chemokine and plays crucial roles in the response to infection and tissue injury.CXCL8 activity inherently depends on interaction with the human CXC chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2,the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR1,and glycosaminoglycans.Furthermore,(hetero)dimerization and tight regulation of transcription and translation,as well as post-translational modifications further fine-tune the spatial and temporal activity of CXCL8 in the context of inflammatory diseases and cancer.The CxCL8 interaction with receptors and glycosaminoglycans is therefore a promising target for therapy,as illustrated by multiple ongoing clinical trials.CXCL8-mediated neutrophil mobilization to blood is directly opposed by CXCL12,which retains leukocytes in bone marrow.CXCL12 is primarily a homeostatic chemokine that induces migration and activation of hematopoietic progenitor cells,endothelial cells,and several leukocytes through interaction with CXCR4,ACKR1,and ACKR3.Thereby,it is an essential player in the regulation of embryogenesis,hematopoiesis,and angiogenesis.However,CXCL12 can also exert inflammatory functions,as illustrated by its pivotal role in a growing list of pathologies and its synergy with CXCL8 and other chemokines to induce leukocyte chemotaxis.Here,we review the plethora of information on the CXCL8 structure,interaction with receptors and glycosaminoglycans,different levels of activity regulation,role in homeostasis and disease,and therapeutic prospects.Finally,we discuss recent research on CXCL12 biochemistry and biology and its role in pathology and pharmacology.展开更多
文摘Aggrecan is the major proteoglycan in the articular cartilage. This molecule is important in the proper functioning of articular cartilage because it provides a hydrated gel structure (via its interaction with hyaluronan and link protein) that endows the cartilage with load-bearing properties. It is also crucial in chondroskeletal morphogenesis during development. Aggrecan is a multimodular molecule expressed by chondrocytes. Its core protein is composed of three globular domains (G1, G2, and G3) and a large extended region (CS) between G2 and G3 for glycosaminoglycan chain attachment. G1 comprises the amino terminus of the core protein. This domain has the same structural motif as link protein. Functionally, the G1 domain interacts with hyaluronan acid and link protein, forming stable ternary complexes in the extracellular matrix. G2 is homologous to the tandem repeats of G1 and of link protein and is involved in product processing. G3 makes up the carboxyl terminus of the core protein. It enhances glycosaminoglycan modification and product secretion. Aggrecan plays an important role in mediating chondrocyte-chondrocyte and chondrocyte-matrix interactions through its ability to bind hyaluronan.
文摘目的:探讨黄芪多糖对大鼠骨关节炎(OA)的影响。方法:4%木瓜蛋白酶关节腔注射建立大鼠OA模型,1周后50只大鼠分成5组:正常组、模型组、0.10,0.25,0.50 g/L的黄芪多糖治疗组,分组后即开始用不同浓度的黄芪多糖关节腔注射治疗,每3 d 1次,每次双膝各注射0.2 ml,对照组注射生理盐水。6周后处死动物,抽取血液、取关节滑膜检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA),切取关节,进行大体及组织学观察,用免疫组织化学方法检测基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)、基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)在关节软骨中的表达。结果:黄芪多糖在高浓度可明显修复关节软骨的退变(P<0.01),降低关节滑膜、血清的MDA水平(均P<0.01),增加SOD活性(P<0.01);在低浓度时对关节软骨的修复作用并不明显(P>0.05),也不能显著降低关节滑膜、血清的MDA水平(均P>0.05)和增加SOD活性(P>0.05)。黄芪多糖可以抑制MMP-3在关节软骨中的表达(P<0.01),黄芪多糖在高浓度时可明显增加关节软骨中葡糖氨基聚糖(GAG)含量(P<0.01)。结论:黄芪多糖关节腔注射治疗大鼠OA可促进退变软骨的修复。
文摘Versican belongs to the family of the large aggregating chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans located primarily within the extracellular matrix （ECM）. Versican, like other members of its family, has unique N- and C-terminal globular regions, each with multiple motifs. A large glycosaminoglycan-binding region lies between them. This review will begin by outlining these structures, in the context of ECM proteoglycans. The diverse binding partners afforded to versican by virtue of its modular design will then be examined. These include ECM components, such as hyaluronan, type Ⅰ collagen, tenascin-R, fibulin-1, and -2, fibrillin-1, fibronectin, P- and L-selectins, and chemokines. Versican also binds to the cell surface proteins CD44, integrin β1, epidermal growth factor receptor, and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1. These multiple interactors play important roles in cell behaviour, and the roles of versican in modulating such processes are discussed.
文摘目的研究扇贝裙边糖胺聚糖（glycosaminoglycan from Scallop Skirt，SS-GAG）体外抗单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型（HSV-Ⅰ）的作用。方法运用单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型（HSV-ⅠSM44株），并以非洲绿猴肾细胞（Vero细胞）为宿主细胞，通过观察病毒感染后的细胞变性反应（cytopathiceffect，CPE）和运用MTF比色法，检测不同浓度药物SS—GAG对Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒是否有直接的灭活作用、对HSV—Ⅰ感染复制的抑制活性以及对HSV—Ⅰ感染细胞的综合作用等，并观察药物对Vero细胞的毒性作用。结果与病毒对照组相比，SS-GAG各浓度组（100、50、25mg·L^-1）能有效地保护经HSV—Ⅰ感染的Vero细胞，使细胞活性增强（P〈0．01）；并减弱HSV—Ⅰ导致的病变效应，抑制病毒的复制。此作用随着药物浓度的增加而增强。但是SS—GAG对HSV—Ⅰ没有直接的灭活作用；SSGAG在50～1600mg·L^-1浓度范围内对Vero细胞无明显的细胞毒性。结论SS-GAG在体外实验系统中显示出明显的保护宿主细胞抵抗HSV-Ⅰ病毒感染的活性作用。
基金KU Leuven(C1 grant C16/17/010),FWO-Vlaanderen(grant GOF8822N)the Rega Foundation.SC received a PhD fellowship from FWO-Vlaanderen(grant number 11A4220N).Figures 2-5 are created with BioRender.com.
文摘Chemokines are an indispensable component of our immune system through the regulation of directional migration and activation of leukocytes.CxCL8 is the most potent human neutrophil-attracting chemokine and plays crucial roles in the response to infection and tissue injury.CXCL8 activity inherently depends on interaction with the human CXC chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2,the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR1,and glycosaminoglycans.Furthermore,(hetero)dimerization and tight regulation of transcription and translation,as well as post-translational modifications further fine-tune the spatial and temporal activity of CXCL8 in the context of inflammatory diseases and cancer.The CxCL8 interaction with receptors and glycosaminoglycans is therefore a promising target for therapy,as illustrated by multiple ongoing clinical trials.CXCL8-mediated neutrophil mobilization to blood is directly opposed by CXCL12,which retains leukocytes in bone marrow.CXCL12 is primarily a homeostatic chemokine that induces migration and activation of hematopoietic progenitor cells,endothelial cells,and several leukocytes through interaction with CXCR4,ACKR1,and ACKR3.Thereby,it is an essential player in the regulation of embryogenesis,hematopoiesis,and angiogenesis.However,CXCL12 can also exert inflammatory functions,as illustrated by its pivotal role in a growing list of pathologies and its synergy with CXCL8 and other chemokines to induce leukocyte chemotaxis.Here,we review the plethora of information on the CXCL8 structure,interaction with receptors and glycosaminoglycans,different levels of activity regulation,role in homeostasis and disease,and therapeutic prospects.Finally,we discuss recent research on CXCL12 biochemistry and biology and its role in pathology and pharmacology.
