A new generation of numerical prediction system GRAPES (a short form of Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System) was set up in China Meteorological Administration (CMA). This paper focuses on the scientific...A new generation of numerical prediction system GRAPES (a short form of Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System) was set up in China Meteorological Administration (CMA). This paper focuses on the scientific design and preliminary results of the numerical prediction model in GRAPES, including basic idea and strategy of the general scientific design, multi-scale dynamic core, physical package configuration, architecture and parallelization of the codes. A series of numerical experiments using the real data with horizontal resolutions from 10 to 280 km and idealized experiments with very high resolution up to 100 m are conducted, giving encouraging results supporting the multi-scale application of GRAPES. The results of operational implementation of GRAPES model in some NWP centers are also presented with stress at evaluations of the capability to predict the main features of precipitation in China. Finally the issues to be dealt with for further development are discussed.展开更多
自80年代以来,国际城市(Global/WorldCity,又译全球城市、世界城市)的研究在西方主要发达国家一直方兴未艾。研究主要侧重于城市的功能、组织结构、形成机制、竞争力等方面。在国际城市研究的基础上,近年来另外2种新的现象也逐渐为研究...自80年代以来,国际城市(Global/WorldCity,又译全球城市、世界城市)的研究在西方主要发达国家一直方兴未艾。研究主要侧重于城市的功能、组织结构、形成机制、竞争力等方面。在国际城市研究的基础上,近年来另外2种新的现象也逐渐为研究者所注意。一是由国际城市及其周边腹地形成的国际域市区域(Global City-Region),另外就是在东亚、东南亚、中南美地区一些发展中国家的大城市,逐渐形成一种既难于归结到其所在国家城市体系中,又不能完全称之为国际城市的地域现象,学术界一般称之为“国际化城市”(Globalizing City)或“崛起中的国际城市”(Emerging Global City)。本文将对国际城市、国际城市区域以及国际化城市这3种地域现象的研究进行综合阐述,以期对中国城市在国际化时代的城市规划与建设提供参考。展开更多
利用GRAPES(Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System,全球/区域同化预报系统)三维变分同化系统,针对对流天气系统特点,用改进的郭晓岚对流参数化方案作为观测算子,同化广东省自动站记录的对流天气系统的雨量...利用GRAPES(Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System,全球/区域同化预报系统)三维变分同化系统,针对对流天气系统特点,用改进的郭晓岚对流参数化方案作为观测算子,同化广东省自动站记录的对流天气系统的雨量资料,并且与同化探空资料进行了比较。在雨带有明显改进的区域,分别同化这两种资料都可以调整大气低层水汽辐合增加(或辐散),对流层中下层增暖增湿(或变冷变干),从而增加(或减少)降水,表明降水的同化方案对初始场的调整在一定程度上符合探空观测。进一步讨论同时同化这两种资料对暴雨预报的影响,结果表明同化自动站降水资料对暴雨系统短时预报有正面影响,同时同化这两种资料,可以弥补资料的不足。展开更多
基金Key Technologies Research and Development Program (Grant No. 2001BA607B02)National Key Technology Research and Development Program (Grant No. 2006BAC02B03)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40575050)
文摘A new generation of numerical prediction system GRAPES (a short form of Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System) was set up in China Meteorological Administration (CMA). This paper focuses on the scientific design and preliminary results of the numerical prediction model in GRAPES, including basic idea and strategy of the general scientific design, multi-scale dynamic core, physical package configuration, architecture and parallelization of the codes. A series of numerical experiments using the real data with horizontal resolutions from 10 to 280 km and idealized experiments with very high resolution up to 100 m are conducted, giving encouraging results supporting the multi-scale application of GRAPES. The results of operational implementation of GRAPES model in some NWP centers are also presented with stress at evaluations of the capability to predict the main features of precipitation in China. Finally the issues to be dealt with for further development are discussed.
文摘自80年代以来,国际城市(Global/WorldCity,又译全球城市、世界城市)的研究在西方主要发达国家一直方兴未艾。研究主要侧重于城市的功能、组织结构、形成机制、竞争力等方面。在国际城市研究的基础上,近年来另外2种新的现象也逐渐为研究者所注意。一是由国际城市及其周边腹地形成的国际域市区域(Global City-Region),另外就是在东亚、东南亚、中南美地区一些发展中国家的大城市,逐渐形成一种既难于归结到其所在国家城市体系中,又不能完全称之为国际城市的地域现象,学术界一般称之为“国际化城市”(Globalizing City)或“崛起中的国际城市”(Emerging Global City)。本文将对国际城市、国际城市区域以及国际化城市这3种地域现象的研究进行综合阐述,以期对中国城市在国际化时代的城市规划与建设提供参考。
文摘利用GRAPES(Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System,全球/区域同化预报系统)三维变分同化系统,针对对流天气系统特点,用改进的郭晓岚对流参数化方案作为观测算子,同化广东省自动站记录的对流天气系统的雨量资料,并且与同化探空资料进行了比较。在雨带有明显改进的区域,分别同化这两种资料都可以调整大气低层水汽辐合增加(或辐散),对流层中下层增暖增湿(或变冷变干),从而增加(或减少)降水,表明降水的同化方案对初始场的调整在一定程度上符合探空观测。进一步讨论同时同化这两种资料对暴雨预报的影响,结果表明同化自动站降水资料对暴雨系统短时预报有正面影响,同时同化这两种资料,可以弥补资料的不足。
