Diabetic nephropathy accounts for the most serious microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. It is suggested that the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy will continue to increase in future posing a major challe...Diabetic nephropathy accounts for the most serious microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. It is suggested that the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy will continue to increase in future posing a major challenge to the healthcare system resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. It occurs as a result of interaction between both genetic and environmental factors in individuals with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Genetic susceptibility has been proposed as an important factor for the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy, and various research efforts are being executed worldwide to identify the susceptibility gene for diabetic nephropathy. Numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms have been found in various genes giving rise to various gene variants which have been found to play a major role in genetic susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy. The risk of developing diabetic nephropathy is increased several times by inheriting risk alleles at susceptibility loci of various genes like ACE, IL, TNF-α, COL4A1, e NOS, SOD2, APOE, GLUT, etc. The identification of these genetic variants at a biomarker level could thus, allow the detection of those individuals at high risk for diabetic nephropathy which could thus help in the treatment, diagnosis and early prevention of the disease. The present review discusses about the various gene variants found till date to be associated with diabetic nephropathy.展开更多
几年前的一幕教学情景一直铭刻在笔者的脑海里：一天，我一走进教室，便说；“I am very tired today．”随后，我停止讲话，以等待的眼光看着学生，期待他们有所反应，可学生仍静静地坐着，以同样的目光等着老师讲课。停顿了一会儿后...几年前的一幕教学情景一直铭刻在笔者的脑海里：一天，我一走进教室，便说；“I am very tired today．”随后，我停止讲话，以等待的眼光看着学生，期待他们有所反应，可学生仍静静地坐着，以同样的目光等着老师讲课。停顿了一会儿后我继续说：“It’s so difficult for me to give you a lesson today．”随后，我又停止讲话，学生们不知发生了什么事。展开更多
Let K be a basic field of characteristic 0, and fi,i=1,…,r, be polynomials in K(x1,…Xn)Consider the system of algebraic equations which defines an algebraic variety V consisting of zeros of the system in an arbitrar...Let K be a basic field of characteristic 0, and fi,i=1,…,r, be polynomials in K(x1,…Xn)Consider the system of algebraic equations which defines an algebraic variety V consisting of zeros of the system in an arbitrary extension field of K. The study of the structure of V or that of the set展开更多
英语名词直接用作动词,而不发生任何词形、发音方面的变化,称为名词动用。这在构词法上叫作转换(conversion),是词类交叉转借的修辞手法之一.如He has papered the window for the winter,because it has not been glassed中的papered和...英语名词直接用作动词,而不发生任何词形、发音方面的变化,称为名词动用。这在构词法上叫作转换(conversion),是词类交叉转借的修辞手法之一.如He has papered the window for the winter,because it has not been glassed中的papered和glassed就是直接由名词paper和glass转借为动词的。展开更多
轻动词,也称“弱语义动词”,语义内容含量少,无法独立充当谓语,需要其他实词补充语义内容,共同构成谓语成分。英语中常见的轻动词短语结构是“轻动词+不定冠词+名词(由动词转化派生)”,例如:GIVE A N(V),然而,GIVE同时也是一个语义内容...轻动词,也称“弱语义动词”,语义内容含量少,无法独立充当谓语,需要其他实词补充语义内容,共同构成谓语成分。英语中常见的轻动词短语结构是“轻动词+不定冠词+名词(由动词转化派生)”,例如:GIVE A N(V),然而,GIVE同时也是一个语义内容充足的‘强语义动词’,可构成表“给予事件”的双及物结构。认知语言学认为语言形式与概念结构有仿拟关系,二者同构程度越高,越易存储和提取。这种仿拟可以是语码对经验的直接模仿,也可以是语码对图式化的其他语码的仿拟,本文认为轻动词短语GIVE A N(V)的形成机制就是对实义动词GIVE双及物结构的仿拟。仿拟一个语言结构必然会受到该结构概念的影响,本文认为轻动词短语GIVE A N(V)的认知原理是(GIVE)给予事件模型和N(V)中谓词事件模型整合生成的新事件模型。展开更多
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disorder and a number of bacterial pathogens are involved.However,30%-40% of sputum and purulent samples in good quality failed to grow any pathogenic bacteria,making it difficult to c...Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disorder and a number of bacterial pathogens are involved.However,30%-40% of sputum and purulent samples in good quality failed to grow any pathogenic bacteria,making it difficult to confirm the pathogen.In this study,we collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a bronchiectasis patient undergoing acute exacerbation,and sent for 16 S rDNA pyrosequencing by a 454 GS Junior machine.Metagenomic analysis showed the composition of bacterial community in sample was complex.More than a half of reads（51.3%） were from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.This result was corresponding with the culture result but came out 2 d earlier,which is meaningful for early diagnosis and treatment.The detection with 16 S rDNA pyrosequencing technology is more sensitive and rapid than routine culture,and can detect the co-infection or symbiosis in airway,giving us a novel and convenient approach to perform rapid diagnosis.展开更多
The Diet Mrs.Tan is worried about her weight,so she goes to see a doctor."Oh,I'm too fat,I need to lose some weight.""It isn't difficult to lose weight,"the doctor says."All you need t...The Diet Mrs.Tan is worried about her weight,so she goes to see a doctor."Oh,I'm too fat,I need to lose some weight.""It isn't difficult to lose weight,"the doctor says."All you need to do is go on a diet.Ill give you one.展开更多
Soup Sam and his father are sitting at the table.They are having their lunch."I don't like this soup.I don't want any,"says Sam,and puts down the spoon."All right,"says his father.After lun...Soup Sam and his father are sitting at the table.They are having their lunch."I don't like this soup.I don't want any,"says Sam,and puts down the spoon."All right,"says his father.After lunch,Sam works in the field with his father.They work very hard.In the evening,his father gives him a bowl of soup.展开更多
文摘Diabetic nephropathy accounts for the most serious microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. It is suggested that the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy will continue to increase in future posing a major challenge to the healthcare system resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. It occurs as a result of interaction between both genetic and environmental factors in individuals with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Genetic susceptibility has been proposed as an important factor for the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy, and various research efforts are being executed worldwide to identify the susceptibility gene for diabetic nephropathy. Numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms have been found in various genes giving rise to various gene variants which have been found to play a major role in genetic susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy. The risk of developing diabetic nephropathy is increased several times by inheriting risk alleles at susceptibility loci of various genes like ACE, IL, TNF-α, COL4A1, e NOS, SOD2, APOE, GLUT, etc. The identification of these genetic variants at a biomarker level could thus, allow the detection of those individuals at high risk for diabetic nephropathy which could thus help in the treatment, diagnosis and early prevention of the disease. The present review discusses about the various gene variants found till date to be associated with diabetic nephropathy.
文摘几年前的一幕教学情景一直铭刻在笔者的脑海里：一天，我一走进教室，便说；“I am very tired today．”随后，我停止讲话，以等待的眼光看着学生，期待他们有所反应，可学生仍静静地坐着，以同样的目光等着老师讲课。停顿了一会儿后我继续说：“It’s so difficult for me to give you a lesson today．”随后，我又停止讲话，学生们不知发生了什么事。
文摘Let K be a basic field of characteristic 0, and fi,i=1,…,r, be polynomials in K(x1,…Xn)Consider the system of algebraic equations which defines an algebraic variety V consisting of zeros of the system in an arbitrary extension field of K. The study of the structure of V or that of the set
文摘英语名词直接用作动词,而不发生任何词形、发音方面的变化,称为名词动用。这在构词法上叫作转换(conversion),是词类交叉转借的修辞手法之一.如He has papered the window for the winter,because it has not been glassed中的papered和glassed就是直接由名词paper和glass转借为动词的。
文摘轻动词,也称“弱语义动词”,语义内容含量少,无法独立充当谓语,需要其他实词补充语义内容,共同构成谓语成分。英语中常见的轻动词短语结构是“轻动词+不定冠词+名词(由动词转化派生)”,例如:GIVE A N(V),然而,GIVE同时也是一个语义内容充足的‘强语义动词’,可构成表“给予事件”的双及物结构。认知语言学认为语言形式与概念结构有仿拟关系,二者同构程度越高,越易存储和提取。这种仿拟可以是语码对经验的直接模仿,也可以是语码对图式化的其他语码的仿拟,本文认为轻动词短语GIVE A N(V)的形成机制就是对实义动词GIVE双及物结构的仿拟。仿拟一个语言结构必然会受到该结构概念的影响,本文认为轻动词短语GIVE A N(V)的认知原理是(GIVE)给予事件模型和N(V)中谓词事件模型整合生成的新事件模型。
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(National High-Tech R&D program:No.2006AA02Z4A9 and No.2012BAI05B0212th Five-Year Plan Major Scientific and Technological Program:No.2012ZX10004-206)the Ministry of Health of China(Special Fund for Health-scientific Research in the Public Interest Program:No.201202011)
文摘Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disorder and a number of bacterial pathogens are involved.However,30%-40% of sputum and purulent samples in good quality failed to grow any pathogenic bacteria,making it difficult to confirm the pathogen.In this study,we collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a bronchiectasis patient undergoing acute exacerbation,and sent for 16 S rDNA pyrosequencing by a 454 GS Junior machine.Metagenomic analysis showed the composition of bacterial community in sample was complex.More than a half of reads（51.3%） were from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.This result was corresponding with the culture result but came out 2 d earlier,which is meaningful for early diagnosis and treatment.The detection with 16 S rDNA pyrosequencing technology is more sensitive and rapid than routine culture,and can detect the co-infection or symbiosis in airway,giving us a novel and convenient approach to perform rapid diagnosis.
文摘The Diet Mrs.Tan is worried about her weight,so she goes to see a doctor."Oh,I'm too fat,I need to lose some weight.""It isn't difficult to lose weight,"the doctor says."All you need to do is go on a diet.Ill give you one.
文摘Soup Sam and his father are sitting at the table.They are having their lunch."I don't like this soup.I don't want any,"says Sam,and puts down the spoon."All right,"says his father.After lunch,Sam works in the field with his father.They work very hard.In the evening,his father gives him a bowl of soup.
