Breeding programs aim to improve the yield and quality of peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）; using association mapping to identify genetic markers linked to these quantitative traits could facilitate selection efficiency...Breeding programs aim to improve the yield and quality of peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）; using association mapping to identify genetic markers linked to these quantitative traits could facilitate selection efficiency. A peanut association panel was established consisting of 268 lines with extensive phenotypic and genetic variation, meeting the requirements for associa- tion analysis. These lines were grown over 3 years and the key agronomic traits, including protein and oil content were examined. Population structure （Q） analysis showed two subpopulations and clustering analysis was consistent with Q-based membership assignment and closely related to botanical type. Relative Kinship （K） indicated that most of the panel members have no or weak familial related- ness, with 52.78% of lines showing K=o. Linkagedisequilibrium （LD） analysis showed a high level of LD occurs in the panel. Model comparisons indicated false positives can be effectively controlled by taking Q and K into consideration and more false positives were generated by K than Q. A preliminary association analysis using a Q＋ K model found markers significantly associated with oil, protein, oleic acid, and linoleic acid, and identified a set of alleles with positive and negative effects. These results show that this panel is suitable for association analysis, providing a resource for marker-assisted selection for peanut improvement.展开更多
Atmospheric CO2 levels are rapidly increasing due to human activities. However, the effects of elevated CO2 （ECO2） on plant defense against insects and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we sho...Atmospheric CO2 levels are rapidly increasing due to human activities. However, the effects of elevated CO2 （ECO2） on plant defense against insects and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we show that ECO2 increased the photosynthetic rates and the biomass of tobacco and rice plants, and the chewing lepidopteran insects Spodoptera litura and Mythimna separata gained less and more mass on tobacco and rice plants, respectively. Consistently, under ECO2, the levels of jasmonic acid （JA）, the main phytohormone controlling plant defense against these lepidopteran insects, as well as the main defense-related metabolites, were increased and decreased in insectdamaged tobacco and rice plants. Importantly, bioassays and quantification of defense-related metabolites in tobacco and rice silenced in JA biosynthesis and perception indicate that ECO2 changes plant resistance mainly by affecting the JA pathway. We further demonstrate that the defensive metabolites, but not total N or protein, are the main factors contributing to the altered defense levels under ECO2. This study illustrates that ECO2 changes the interplay between plants and insects, and we propose that crops should be studied for their resistance to the major pests under ECO2 to predict the impact of ECO2 on future agroecosystems.展开更多
After the publication of History and Class Consciousness, the concept of totality became an important role through Georg Lukacs’ development of thought. Yet, this concept changed with his thinking. Indeed, totality a...After the publication of History and Class Consciousness, the concept of totality became an important role through Georg Lukacs’ development of thought. Yet, this concept changed with his thinking. Indeed, totality as an idea had emerged in his critique of capitalist culture in his pre-Marxism;we can claim that the concept of totality as Marxist dialectics originated in that period. Thus, it is necessary to interpret his idea of totality in pre-Marxism in order to understand wholly the concept of totality.展开更多
In the 40s and the 50s of the last century existed a largely shared conviction amongst the majority of social scientists in the US regarding the explanation of the theoretical philosophical roots of National Socialism...In the 40s and the 50s of the last century existed a largely shared conviction amongst the majority of social scientists in the US regarding the explanation of the theoretical philosophical roots of National Socialism. Contrarily to European writers, who searched its philosophical origins in irrational philosophical traditions, in the US, they relied upon the perception that Hegel＇s Philosophy of State was the most relevant ideological basis of National Socialism. Hegel＇s idea for the need of a strong state, seemed to clearly support the hypothesis. Herbert Marcuse, exiled in the United States, bad to confront himself with this conviction that academic colleague shared. This theoretical hypothesis was in tune to the Zeitgeist and the political context, in which anticommunism was growing stronger by the day and where the cold war was developing. Associating Hegel and National Socialism implied, for most of the hypothesis defenders yet another vantage point： it could discredit also Marx, for the tights links between his philosophical thinking and Hegel＇s one. For Marcuse this hypothesis was even more problematic knowing that in Germany, national socialist philosophers had rejected Hegel from the very first day their party came to power. In this article we try to analyze Marcuse＇s respective philosophical argument. The point of departure of this reconstruction is the philosophical interpretation of Hegel＇s theory of the State. Further than the historical context, the debate on Hegel and his theory of the State, is very relevant for today＇s debates, dominated by neoliberal ideologies, which often are starting from similar theoretical errors than the mentioned. In both cases exists a lack of understanding of the classic bourgeois content within the concept of the State, based on the French Revolution.展开更多
Both Kant and Hegel showed their attention to landscape architecture art in their aesthetic works,their aesthetic ideas were different but also related.This paper sorted out and interpreted the landscape architecture ...Both Kant and Hegel showed their attention to landscape architecture art in their aesthetic works,their aesthetic ideas were different but also related.This paper sorted out and interpreted the landscape architecture aesthetics of Kant and Hegel based on relevant aesthetic literature,analyzed the differences between them according to the historical background of landscape architecture development and their philosophic concepts,then summarized the historical causes for the development of their landscape architecture aesthetics.展开更多
公司的八头钻为德国海因里希乔格公司(Henrich Georg GMBH Maschinenfabrik)设计制造的钻孔专用设备。该设备的主要特点是:八个钻头高速同步加工,大大提高了加工效率。机床在高速运转的同时,相应的保护也是做得相当到位。例如,主轴或者...公司的八头钻为德国海因里希乔格公司(Henrich Georg GMBH Maschinenfabrik)设计制造的钻孔专用设备。该设备的主要特点是:八个钻头高速同步加工,大大提高了加工效率。机床在高速运转的同时,相应的保护也是做得相当到位。例如,主轴或者Z轴在检测到超负荷时,会自动将八个钻头同时提起到安全位置,从而保证了加工对象的精度要求。那么,该功能在机床内部是如何实现的呢?本文将对此功能的实现过程做一个简单的分析。展开更多
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-14)the Taishan Scholars at Seed Industry Talent ProjectPeanut Seed Industry Project in Shandong province of Chinathe earmarked fund for Agriculture Research System in Shandong province of China(SDAIT-04-03)
文摘Breeding programs aim to improve the yield and quality of peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）; using association mapping to identify genetic markers linked to these quantitative traits could facilitate selection efficiency. A peanut association panel was established consisting of 268 lines with extensive phenotypic and genetic variation, meeting the requirements for associa- tion analysis. These lines were grown over 3 years and the key agronomic traits, including protein and oil content were examined. Population structure （Q） analysis showed two subpopulations and clustering analysis was consistent with Q-based membership assignment and closely related to botanical type. Relative Kinship （K） indicated that most of the panel members have no or weak familial related- ness, with 52.78% of lines showing K=o. Linkagedisequilibrium （LD） analysis showed a high level of LD occurs in the panel. Model comparisons indicated false positives can be effectively controlled by taking Q and K into consideration and more false positives were generated by K than Q. A preliminary association analysis using a Q＋ K model found markers significantly associated with oil, protein, oleic acid, and linoleic acid, and identified a set of alleles with positive and negative effects. These results show that this panel is suitable for association analysis, providing a resource for marker-assisted selection for peanut improvement.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31470369 and 31401755)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB11050200)the General Project of Applied Basic Research Program of Yunnan(2014FB171)
文摘Atmospheric CO2 levels are rapidly increasing due to human activities. However, the effects of elevated CO2 （ECO2） on plant defense against insects and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we show that ECO2 increased the photosynthetic rates and the biomass of tobacco and rice plants, and the chewing lepidopteran insects Spodoptera litura and Mythimna separata gained less and more mass on tobacco and rice plants, respectively. Consistently, under ECO2, the levels of jasmonic acid （JA）, the main phytohormone controlling plant defense against these lepidopteran insects, as well as the main defense-related metabolites, were increased and decreased in insectdamaged tobacco and rice plants. Importantly, bioassays and quantification of defense-related metabolites in tobacco and rice silenced in JA biosynthesis and perception indicate that ECO2 changes plant resistance mainly by affecting the JA pathway. We further demonstrate that the defensive metabolites, but not total N or protein, are the main factors contributing to the altered defense levels under ECO2. This study illustrates that ECO2 changes the interplay between plants and insects, and we propose that crops should be studied for their resistance to the major pests under ECO2 to predict the impact of ECO2 on future agroecosystems.
文摘After the publication of History and Class Consciousness, the concept of totality became an important role through Georg Lukacs’ development of thought. Yet, this concept changed with his thinking. Indeed, totality as an idea had emerged in his critique of capitalist culture in his pre-Marxism;we can claim that the concept of totality as Marxist dialectics originated in that period. Thus, it is necessary to interpret his idea of totality in pre-Marxism in order to understand wholly the concept of totality.
文摘In the 40s and the 50s of the last century existed a largely shared conviction amongst the majority of social scientists in the US regarding the explanation of the theoretical philosophical roots of National Socialism. Contrarily to European writers, who searched its philosophical origins in irrational philosophical traditions, in the US, they relied upon the perception that Hegel＇s Philosophy of State was the most relevant ideological basis of National Socialism. Hegel＇s idea for the need of a strong state, seemed to clearly support the hypothesis. Herbert Marcuse, exiled in the United States, bad to confront himself with this conviction that academic colleague shared. This theoretical hypothesis was in tune to the Zeitgeist and the political context, in which anticommunism was growing stronger by the day and where the cold war was developing. Associating Hegel and National Socialism implied, for most of the hypothesis defenders yet another vantage point： it could discredit also Marx, for the tights links between his philosophical thinking and Hegel＇s one. For Marcuse this hypothesis was even more problematic knowing that in Germany, national socialist philosophers had rejected Hegel from the very first day their party came to power. In this article we try to analyze Marcuse＇s respective philosophical argument. The point of departure of this reconstruction is the philosophical interpretation of Hegel＇s theory of the State. Further than the historical context, the debate on Hegel and his theory of the State, is very relevant for today＇s debates, dominated by neoliberal ideologies, which often are starting from similar theoretical errors than the mentioned. In both cases exists a lack of understanding of the classic bourgeois content within the concept of the State, based on the French Revolution.
基金Sponsored by Henan Provincial Philosophical and Social Sciences Planning Program:Research on Display Art Forms of Geological Landscapes Science Popularization in Henan Geoparks from the Perspective of Natural Heritage Conservation(2018BYS025)。
文摘Both Kant and Hegel showed their attention to landscape architecture art in their aesthetic works,their aesthetic ideas were different but also related.This paper sorted out and interpreted the landscape architecture aesthetics of Kant and Hegel based on relevant aesthetic literature,analyzed the differences between them according to the historical background of landscape architecture development and their philosophic concepts,then summarized the historical causes for the development of their landscape architecture aesthetics.
文摘公司的八头钻为德国海因里希乔格公司(Henrich Georg GMBH Maschinenfabrik)设计制造的钻孔专用设备。该设备的主要特点是:八个钻头高速同步加工,大大提高了加工效率。机床在高速运转的同时,相应的保护也是做得相当到位。例如,主轴或者Z轴在检测到超负荷时,会自动将八个钻头同时提起到安全位置,从而保证了加工对象的精度要求。那么,该功能在机床内部是如何实现的呢?本文将对此功能的实现过程做一个简单的分析。
