The study developed an integrated reflectance model combining radiative transfer and geometric optical properties in order to inverse leaf area index(LAI) of semiarid natural grasslands.In order to better link remote ...The study developed an integrated reflectance model combining radiative transfer and geometric optical properties in order to inverse leaf area index(LAI) of semiarid natural grasslands.In order to better link remote sensing information with land plants,and facilitate regional and global climate change studies,the model introduced a simple but important geometrical similarity parameter related to plant crown shapes.The model revealed the influences of different plant crown shapes(such as spherical,cylindrical/cuboidal and conic crowns) on leaf/branch angle distribution frequencies,shadow ground coverage,shadowed or sunlit background fractions,canopy reflectance,and scene reflectance.The modeled reflectance data agreed with the measured ones in the three Leymus chinensis steppes with different degradation degrees,which validated the reflectance model.The lower the degradation degree was,the better the modeled data agreed with the measured data.After this reflectance model was coupled with the optimization inversion method,LAI over the entire study region was estimated once every eight days using the eight-day products of surface reflectance obtained by multi-spectral Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) during the growing seasons in 2002.The temporal and spatial patterns of inversed LAI for the steppes with different cover degrees,swamps,flood plains,and croplands agreed with the general laws and measurements very well.But for unused land cover types(sands,saline,and barren lands) and forestlands,totally accounting for about 10% of the study region,the reasonable LAI values were not derived by inversing,requiring further revising of the model or the development of a new model for them.展开更多
Geometric inversion is applied to two-dimensional Stokes flow in view to find new Stokes flow solutions. The principle of this method and the relations between the reference and inverse fluid velocity fields are prese...Geometric inversion is applied to two-dimensional Stokes flow in view to find new Stokes flow solutions. The principle of this method and the relations between the reference and inverse fluid velocity fields are presented. They are followed by applications to the flow between two parallel plates induced by a rotating or a translating cylinder. Thus hydrodynamic characteristics of flow around circular bodies obtained by inversion of the plates are thus deduced. Typically fluid flow patterns around two circular cylinders in contact placed in the centre of a rotating or a translating circular cylinder are illustrated.展开更多
In this paper, the conception of fractal geometry derived from geometric inversion is introduced. A ramified self-inverse fractal with symmetry and a self-inverse fractal dust set are constructed. The authors extend t...In this paper, the conception of fractal geometry derived from geometric inversion is introduced. A ramified self-inverse fractal with symmetry and a self-inverse fractal dust set are constructed. The authors extend the conception of the fractal osculation and propose a new notion-fractal envelope. Finally, two examples of self-inverse fractal (soap and egg) are given.展开更多
The leaf area index(LAI) is an important ecological parameter that characterizes the interface between vegetation canopy and the atmosphere.In addition,it is used by most process-oriented ecosystem models.This paper i...The leaf area index(LAI) is an important ecological parameter that characterizes the interface between vegetation canopy and the atmosphere.In addition,it is used by most process-oriented ecosystem models.This paper investigates the potential of HJ-1 CCD data combined with linear spectral unmixing and an inverted geometric-optical model for the retrieval of the shrub LAI in Wushen Banner of Inner Mongolia in the Mu Us Sandland.MODTRAN(Moderate Resolution Atmospheric Radiance and Transmittance Model) was used for atmospheric correction.Shrubland was extracted using the threshold of the normalized difference vegetation index,with which water bodies and farmland were separated,in combination with a vegetation map of the People's Republic of China(1:1000000).Using the geometric-optical model,we derive the per-pixel reflectance as a simple linear combination of two components,namely sunlit background and other.The fraction of sunlit background is related to the shrub LAI.With the support of HJ-1 CCD data,we employ linear spectral unmixing to obtain the fraction of sunlit background in an atmospherically corrected HJ image.In addition,we use the measured shrub canopy structural parameters for shrub communities to invert the geometric-optical model and retrieve the pixel-based shrub LAI.In total,18 sample plots collected in Wushen Banner of Inner Mongolia are used for validation.The results of the shrub LAI show good agreement with R2 of 0.817 and a root-mean-squared error of 0.173.展开更多
叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)是森林生态系统中最重要的参数之一。以多角度数据MISR和MODIS土地覆盖类型数据为数据源,采用5-Scale几何光学模型与统计模型相结合的方法反演小兴安岭地区植被叶面积指数。研究结果表明:比值植被指数(s...叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)是森林生态系统中最重要的参数之一。以多角度数据MISR和MODIS土地覆盖类型数据为数据源,采用5-Scale几何光学模型与统计模型相结合的方法反演小兴安岭地区植被叶面积指数。研究结果表明:比值植被指数(simple ratio,SR)与研究区LAI的相关性最好,最适合该区LAI的遥感提取。反演精度为95.7%,均方差为0.34,误差均在合理范围之内。反演精度较高,反演结果较好。研究区域植被LAI随着纬度的增加呈现递减趋势,LAI均值为1.21,最大值为9.28,最小值为0.83,以多角度数据为信息源采用5-Scale模型与统计模型相结合的方法为大区域LAI的遥感反演提供一个有效途径。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.30500076)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2007CB714407)the President Foundation of Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.YZJJ200205)
文摘The study developed an integrated reflectance model combining radiative transfer and geometric optical properties in order to inverse leaf area index(LAI) of semiarid natural grasslands.In order to better link remote sensing information with land plants,and facilitate regional and global climate change studies,the model introduced a simple but important geometrical similarity parameter related to plant crown shapes.The model revealed the influences of different plant crown shapes(such as spherical,cylindrical/cuboidal and conic crowns) on leaf/branch angle distribution frequencies,shadow ground coverage,shadowed or sunlit background fractions,canopy reflectance,and scene reflectance.The modeled reflectance data agreed with the measured ones in the three Leymus chinensis steppes with different degradation degrees,which validated the reflectance model.The lower the degradation degree was,the better the modeled data agreed with the measured data.After this reflectance model was coupled with the optimization inversion method,LAI over the entire study region was estimated once every eight days using the eight-day products of surface reflectance obtained by multi-spectral Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) during the growing seasons in 2002.The temporal and spatial patterns of inversed LAI for the steppes with different cover degrees,swamps,flood plains,and croplands agreed with the general laws and measurements very well.But for unused land cover types(sands,saline,and barren lands) and forestlands,totally accounting for about 10% of the study region,the reasonable LAI values were not derived by inversing,requiring further revising of the model or the development of a new model for them.
文摘Geometric inversion is applied to two-dimensional Stokes flow in view to find new Stokes flow solutions. The principle of this method and the relations between the reference and inverse fluid velocity fields are presented. They are followed by applications to the flow between two parallel plates induced by a rotating or a translating cylinder. Thus hydrodynamic characteristics of flow around circular bodies obtained by inversion of the plates are thus deduced. Typically fluid flow patterns around two circular cylinders in contact placed in the centre of a rotating or a translating circular cylinder are illustrated.
文摘In this paper, the conception of fractal geometry derived from geometric inversion is introduced. A ramified self-inverse fractal with symmetry and a self-inverse fractal dust set are constructed. The authors extend the conception of the fractal osculation and propose a new notion-fractal envelope. Finally, two examples of self-inverse fractal (soap and egg) are given.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40871173)Special Grant for Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Grant No.2008ZX10004-012)National State Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB714404)
文摘The leaf area index(LAI) is an important ecological parameter that characterizes the interface between vegetation canopy and the atmosphere.In addition,it is used by most process-oriented ecosystem models.This paper investigates the potential of HJ-1 CCD data combined with linear spectral unmixing and an inverted geometric-optical model for the retrieval of the shrub LAI in Wushen Banner of Inner Mongolia in the Mu Us Sandland.MODTRAN(Moderate Resolution Atmospheric Radiance and Transmittance Model) was used for atmospheric correction.Shrubland was extracted using the threshold of the normalized difference vegetation index,with which water bodies and farmland were separated,in combination with a vegetation map of the People's Republic of China(1:1000000).Using the geometric-optical model,we derive the per-pixel reflectance as a simple linear combination of two components,namely sunlit background and other.The fraction of sunlit background is related to the shrub LAI.With the support of HJ-1 CCD data,we employ linear spectral unmixing to obtain the fraction of sunlit background in an atmospherically corrected HJ image.In addition,we use the measured shrub canopy structural parameters for shrub communities to invert the geometric-optical model and retrieve the pixel-based shrub LAI.In total,18 sample plots collected in Wushen Banner of Inner Mongolia are used for validation.The results of the shrub LAI show good agreement with R2 of 0.817 and a root-mean-squared error of 0.173.
文摘叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)是森林生态系统中最重要的参数之一。以多角度数据MISR和MODIS土地覆盖类型数据为数据源,采用5-Scale几何光学模型与统计模型相结合的方法反演小兴安岭地区植被叶面积指数。研究结果表明:比值植被指数(simple ratio,SR)与研究区LAI的相关性最好,最适合该区LAI的遥感提取。反演精度为95.7%,均方差为0.34,误差均在合理范围之内。反演精度较高,反演结果较好。研究区域植被LAI随着纬度的增加呈现递减趋势,LAI均值为1.21,最大值为9.28,最小值为0.83,以多角度数据为信息源采用5-Scale模型与统计模型相结合的方法为大区域LAI的遥感反演提供一个有效途径。
