IS THERE ANYTHING NEW?Helicobacter pylori has been for many years aforgotten bacterium,since the first report on thisspiral organism dated from the 19th century.Asearly as in 1906,an association between a spiralorgani...IS THERE ANYTHING NEW?Helicobacter pylori has been for many years aforgotten bacterium,since the first report on thisspiral organism dated from the 19th century.Asearly as in 1906,an association between a spiralorganism and gastric carcinoma was suggested.Doenges reported in 1938 that on autopsy not展开更多
Objectives To investigate the relationship between H.pylori infection, gastric cancer and other gastric diseases through the changes in gastric mucosa and the status of different gastric diseases within 5 years after...Objectives To investigate the relationship between H.pylori infection, gastric cancer and other gastric diseases through the changes in gastric mucosa and the status of different gastric diseases within 5 years after H.pylori eradication in H.pylori-positive subjects in a high incidence region of gastric cancer. Methods One thousand and six adults were selected from the general population in Yantai, Shandong province, a high incidence region for gastric cancer in China. Gastroscopy and Campylobacter-like organism (CLO) testing were performed on all subjects. Biopsy samples from the gastric antrum and body were obtained for histology and assessment of H.pylori infection. All H.pylori-positive subjects were then randomly divided into two groups: treatment group receiving Omeprazole Amoxicillin Clarythromycin (OAC) triple therapy and placebo as controls. These subjects were endoscopically followed up in the second and fifth year. We compared the endoscopic appearance and histology of the biopsy specimens from the same site obtained at the first and last visits. Results All 552 H.pylori-positive subjects were randomly and evenly divided into treatment group or control group. During the five-year follow-up, the numbers of patients who continued to be negative or positive for H.pylori were 161 and 198, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that: ① At the initial visit, there were no significant differences in the severity and activity of inflammation, atrophy and intestinal metaplasia between the biopsy specimens from the antrum and body respectively in both groups. ② The severity and activity of inflammation in both the antrum and body were markedly reduced after H.pylori eradication (P=0.000). ③Within five years after H.pylori eradication, intestinal metaplasia in the antrum either regressed or had no progression, while the proportion of intestinal metaplasia in the H.pylori-positive group increased significantly (P=0.032). ④After H.pylori eradication, the atrophy in both the antrum and body had 展开更多
Chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） is an inflammatory condition characterized by the loss of gastric glandular structures which are replaced by connective tissue （non-metaplastic atrophy） or by glandular structures ...Chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） is an inflammatory condition characterized by the loss of gastric glandular structures which are replaced by connective tissue （non-metaplastic atrophy） or by glandular structures inappropriate for location （metaplastic atrophy）. Epidemiological data suggest that CAG is associated with two different types of tumors： Intestinal-type gastric cancer （GC） and type I gastric carcinoid （T I GC）. The pathophysiological mechanisms which lead to the development of these gastric tumors are different, It is accepted that a multistep process initiating from Helico- bacterpylori-related chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa progresses to CAG, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and, finally, leads to the development of GC. The T I GC is a gastrin-dependent tumor and the chronic elevation of gastrin, which is associated with CAG, stimulates the growth of enterochromaffin-like cells with their hyperplasia leading to the development of T I GC. Thus, several events occur in the gastric mucosa before the development of intestinatype GC and/ or T I GC and these take several years. Knowledge ofCAG incidence from superficial gastritis, its prevalence in different clinical settings and possible risk factors as- sociated with the progression of this condition to gastric neoplasias are important issues. This editorial intends to provide a brief review of the main studies regarding incidence and prevalence of CAG and risk factors for the development of gastric neoplasias.展开更多
Objective： To assess the efficacy and safety of Moluodan （摩罗丹~） in treating dysplasia in chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） patients. Methods： This was a multi-centered, double-blind, randomized controlled tria...Objective： To assess the efficacy and safety of Moluodan （摩罗丹~） in treating dysplasia in chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） patients. Methods： This was a multi-centered, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. The total of 196 subjects were assigned to receive either Moluodan or folic acid in a 2：1 ratio by blocked randomization. Mucosa marking targeting biopsy （MTB） was used to insure the accuracy and consistency between baseline and after 6-month treatment. Primary outcomes were histological score, response rate of pathological lesions and dysplasia disappearance rate. Secondary endpoints included gastroscopic findings, clinical symptom and patient reported outcome （PRO） instrument. Results： Dysplasia score decreased in Moluodan group （P=0.002）, significance was found between groups （P=0.045）. Dysplasia disappearance rates were 24.6% and 15.2% in Moluodan and folic acid groups respectively, no significant differences were found （P=0.127）. The response rate of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were 34.6% and 23.0% in Moluodan group, 24.3% and 13.6% in folic acid group. Moluodan could improve erythema （P=0.044）, and bile reflux （P=0.059）, no significance between groups. Moluodan was better than folic acid in improving epigastric pain, epigastric suffocation, belching and decreased appetite （P〈0.05）, with symptom disappearance rates of 37% to 83%. Conclusions： Moluodan improved dysplasia score in histopathology, and erythema and bile reflux score in endoscopy, and superior to folic acid in improving epigastric pain, epigastric suffocation, belching and decreased appetite.展开更多
Helicobacter pylori(Hp) is a major human pathogen causing chronic, progressive gastric mucosal damage and is linked to gastric atrophy and cancer. Hp-positive individuals constitute the major reservoir for transmissio...Helicobacter pylori(Hp) is a major human pathogen causing chronic, progressive gastric mucosal damage and is linked to gastric atrophy and cancer. Hp-positive individuals constitute the major reservoir for transmission of infection. There is no ideal treatment for Hp. Hp infection is not cured by a single antibiotic, and sometimes, a combined treatment with three or more antibiotics is ineffective. Atrophic gastritis(AG) is a chronic disease whose main features are atrophy and/or intestinal metaplasia of the gastric glands, which arise from long-standing Hp infection. AG is reportedly linked to an increased risk for gastric cancer, particularly when extensive intestinal metaplasia is present. Active or past Hp infection may be detected by conventional methods in about two-thirds of AG patients. By immunoblotting of sera against Hp whole-cell protein lysates, a previous exposure to Hp infection is detected in all AG patients. According to guidelines, AG patients with Hp positivity should receive eradication treatment. The goals of treatment are as follows:(1) Cure of infection, resolution of inflammation and normalization of gastric functions;(2) possible reversal of atrophic and metaplastic changes of the gastric mucosa; and(3) prevention of gastric cancer. An ideal antibiotic regimen for Hp should achieve eradication rates of approximately 90%, and complex multidrug regimens are required to reach this goal. Amongst the factors associated with treatment failure are high bacterial load, high gastric acidity, Hp strain, smoking, low compliance, overweight, and increasing antibiotic resistance. AG, when involving the corporal mucosa, is linked to reduced gastric acid secretion. At a non-acidic intra-gastric p H, the efficacy of the common treatment regimens combining proton pump inhibitors with one or more antibiotics may not be the same as that observed in patients with Hp gastritis in an acid-producing stomach. Although the efficacy of these therapeutic regimens has been thoroughly tested in subjects with Hp infec展开更多
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection underlies gastric ulcer disease, gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer disease. The disease expression reflects the pattern and extent of gastritis/gastric atrophy (i.e., duodenal...Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection underlies gastric ulcer disease, gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer disease. The disease expression reflects the pattern and extent of gastritis/gastric atrophy (i.e., duodenal ulcer with non-atrophic and gastric ulcer and gastric cancer with atrophic gastritis). Gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer have been known for thousands of years. Ulcers are generally non-fatal and until the 20<sup>th</sup> century were difficult to diagnose. However, the presence and pattern of gastritis in past civilizations can be deduced based on the diseases present. It has been suggested that gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer both arose or became more frequent in Europe in the 19<sup>th</sup> century. Here, we show that gastric cancer and gastric ulcer were present throughout the 17<sup>th</sup> to 19<sup>th</sup> centuries consistent with atrophic gastritis being the predominant pattern, as it proved to be when it could be examined directly in the late 19<sup>th</sup> century. The environment before the 20<sup>th</sup> century favored acquisition of H. pylori infection and atrophic gastritis (e.g., poor sanitation and standards of living, seasonal diets poor in fresh fruits and vegetables, especially in winter, vitamin deficiencies, and frequent febrile infections in childhood). The latter part of the 19<sup>th</sup> century saw improvements in standards of living, sanitation, and diets with a corresponding decrease in rate of development of atrophic gastritis allowing duodenal ulcers to become more prominent. In the early 20<sup>th</sup> century physician’s believed they could diagnose ulcers clinically and that the diagnosis required hospitalization for “surgical disease” or for “Sippy” diets. We show that while H. pylori remained common and virulent in Europe and the United States, environmental changes resulted in changes of the pattern of gastritis producing a change in the manifestations of H. pylori infections and subsequently to a rapi展开更多
文摘IS THERE ANYTHING NEW?Helicobacter pylori has been for many years aforgotten bacterium,since the first report on thisspiral organism dated from the 19th century.Asearly as in 1906,an association between a spiralorganism and gastric carcinoma was suggested.Doenges reported in 1938 that on autopsy not
文摘Objectives To investigate the relationship between H.pylori infection, gastric cancer and other gastric diseases through the changes in gastric mucosa and the status of different gastric diseases within 5 years after H.pylori eradication in H.pylori-positive subjects in a high incidence region of gastric cancer. Methods One thousand and six adults were selected from the general population in Yantai, Shandong province, a high incidence region for gastric cancer in China. Gastroscopy and Campylobacter-like organism (CLO) testing were performed on all subjects. Biopsy samples from the gastric antrum and body were obtained for histology and assessment of H.pylori infection. All H.pylori-positive subjects were then randomly divided into two groups: treatment group receiving Omeprazole Amoxicillin Clarythromycin (OAC) triple therapy and placebo as controls. These subjects were endoscopically followed up in the second and fifth year. We compared the endoscopic appearance and histology of the biopsy specimens from the same site obtained at the first and last visits. Results All 552 H.pylori-positive subjects were randomly and evenly divided into treatment group or control group. During the five-year follow-up, the numbers of patients who continued to be negative or positive for H.pylori were 161 and 198, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that: ① At the initial visit, there were no significant differences in the severity and activity of inflammation, atrophy and intestinal metaplasia between the biopsy specimens from the antrum and body respectively in both groups. ② The severity and activity of inflammation in both the antrum and body were markedly reduced after H.pylori eradication (P=0.000). ③Within five years after H.pylori eradication, intestinal metaplasia in the antrum either regressed or had no progression, while the proportion of intestinal metaplasia in the H.pylori-positive group increased significantly (P=0.032). ④After H.pylori eradication, the atrophy in both the antrum and body had
文摘Chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） is an inflammatory condition characterized by the loss of gastric glandular structures which are replaced by connective tissue （non-metaplastic atrophy） or by glandular structures inappropriate for location （metaplastic atrophy）. Epidemiological data suggest that CAG is associated with two different types of tumors： Intestinal-type gastric cancer （GC） and type I gastric carcinoid （T I GC）. The pathophysiological mechanisms which lead to the development of these gastric tumors are different, It is accepted that a multistep process initiating from Helico- bacterpylori-related chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa progresses to CAG, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and, finally, leads to the development of GC. The T I GC is a gastrin-dependent tumor and the chronic elevation of gastrin, which is associated with CAG, stimulates the growth of enterochromaffin-like cells with their hyperplasia leading to the development of T I GC. Thus, several events occur in the gastric mucosa before the development of intestinatype GC and/ or T I GC and these take several years. Knowledge ofCAG incidence from superficial gastritis, its prevalence in different clinical settings and possible risk factors as- sociated with the progression of this condition to gastric neoplasias are important issues. This editorial intends to provide a brief review of the main studies regarding incidence and prevalence of CAG and risk factors for the development of gastric neoplasias.
基金Supported by the 11th Five-Year Plan from Ministry of Sciences and Technology of China(No.2006BAI04A08)
文摘Objective： To assess the efficacy and safety of Moluodan （摩罗丹~） in treating dysplasia in chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） patients. Methods： This was a multi-centered, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. The total of 196 subjects were assigned to receive either Moluodan or folic acid in a 2：1 ratio by blocked randomization. Mucosa marking targeting biopsy （MTB） was used to insure the accuracy and consistency between baseline and after 6-month treatment. Primary outcomes were histological score, response rate of pathological lesions and dysplasia disappearance rate. Secondary endpoints included gastroscopic findings, clinical symptom and patient reported outcome （PRO） instrument. Results： Dysplasia score decreased in Moluodan group （P=0.002）, significance was found between groups （P=0.045）. Dysplasia disappearance rates were 24.6% and 15.2% in Moluodan and folic acid groups respectively, no significant differences were found （P=0.127）. The response rate of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were 34.6% and 23.0% in Moluodan group, 24.3% and 13.6% in folic acid group. Moluodan could improve erythema （P=0.044）, and bile reflux （P=0.059）, no significance between groups. Moluodan was better than folic acid in improving epigastric pain, epigastric suffocation, belching and decreased appetite （P〈0.05）, with symptom disappearance rates of 37% to 83%. Conclusions： Moluodan improved dysplasia score in histopathology, and erythema and bile reflux score in endoscopy, and superior to folic acid in improving epigastric pain, epigastric suffocation, belching and decreased appetite.
文摘Helicobacter pylori(Hp) is a major human pathogen causing chronic, progressive gastric mucosal damage and is linked to gastric atrophy and cancer. Hp-positive individuals constitute the major reservoir for transmission of infection. There is no ideal treatment for Hp. Hp infection is not cured by a single antibiotic, and sometimes, a combined treatment with three or more antibiotics is ineffective. Atrophic gastritis(AG) is a chronic disease whose main features are atrophy and/or intestinal metaplasia of the gastric glands, which arise from long-standing Hp infection. AG is reportedly linked to an increased risk for gastric cancer, particularly when extensive intestinal metaplasia is present. Active or past Hp infection may be detected by conventional methods in about two-thirds of AG patients. By immunoblotting of sera against Hp whole-cell protein lysates, a previous exposure to Hp infection is detected in all AG patients. According to guidelines, AG patients with Hp positivity should receive eradication treatment. The goals of treatment are as follows:(1) Cure of infection, resolution of inflammation and normalization of gastric functions;(2) possible reversal of atrophic and metaplastic changes of the gastric mucosa; and(3) prevention of gastric cancer. An ideal antibiotic regimen for Hp should achieve eradication rates of approximately 90%, and complex multidrug regimens are required to reach this goal. Amongst the factors associated with treatment failure are high bacterial load, high gastric acidity, Hp strain, smoking, low compliance, overweight, and increasing antibiotic resistance. AG, when involving the corporal mucosa, is linked to reduced gastric acid secretion. At a non-acidic intra-gastric p H, the efficacy of the common treatment regimens combining proton pump inhibitors with one or more antibiotics may not be the same as that observed in patients with Hp gastritis in an acid-producing stomach. Although the efficacy of these therapeutic regimens has been thoroughly tested in subjects with Hp infec
基金Supported by In part by the Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service Department of Veterans Affairs,Public Health Service grants No.DK062813 and No.DK56338 which funds the Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center
文摘Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection underlies gastric ulcer disease, gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer disease. The disease expression reflects the pattern and extent of gastritis/gastric atrophy (i.e., duodenal ulcer with non-atrophic and gastric ulcer and gastric cancer with atrophic gastritis). Gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer have been known for thousands of years. Ulcers are generally non-fatal and until the 20<sup>th</sup> century were difficult to diagnose. However, the presence and pattern of gastritis in past civilizations can be deduced based on the diseases present. It has been suggested that gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer both arose or became more frequent in Europe in the 19<sup>th</sup> century. Here, we show that gastric cancer and gastric ulcer were present throughout the 17<sup>th</sup> to 19<sup>th</sup> centuries consistent with atrophic gastritis being the predominant pattern, as it proved to be when it could be examined directly in the late 19<sup>th</sup> century. The environment before the 20<sup>th</sup> century favored acquisition of H. pylori infection and atrophic gastritis (e.g., poor sanitation and standards of living, seasonal diets poor in fresh fruits and vegetables, especially in winter, vitamin deficiencies, and frequent febrile infections in childhood). The latter part of the 19<sup>th</sup> century saw improvements in standards of living, sanitation, and diets with a corresponding decrease in rate of development of atrophic gastritis allowing duodenal ulcers to become more prominent. In the early 20<sup>th</sup> century physician’s believed they could diagnose ulcers clinically and that the diagnosis required hospitalization for “surgical disease” or for “Sippy” diets. We show that while H. pylori remained common and virulent in Europe and the United States, environmental changes resulted in changes of the pattern of gastritis producing a change in the manifestations of H. pylori infections and subsequently to a rapi
