The development of orogenic belts structures in the Southern-Central Tunisian Atlas is influenced by the evolution of tectonic activities during different phases,which are also closely linked to the formation of gravi...The development of orogenic belts structures in the Southern-Central Tunisian Atlas is influenced by the evolution of tectonic activities during different phases,which are also closely linked to the formation of gravitational collapse structure.The typical example is that of the northern flank of the Jebel Orbata particularly the Ben Zannouch fold.It is an asymmetrical anticline interpreted by the model of“Fault Propagation Folds”.The development of the Ben Zannouch structures is resulted from landslides,scree falls and inverted layers plunging to the south.The direction of resulted gravitational structure is parallel to the main thrust direction of the Bou Omrane anticline.The thrust activity of Bou Omrane fault is associated to the important paleo-slope facing south and plastic lithology(incompetent marl layers)of outcropped series,facilitates the development of the Ben Zannouch Flap structure.The definition of gravitational collapse structures for the first time in Tunisia particularly in the northern flank of the Jebel Orbata is controlled by many principal structural conditions:fragmentation of the landslide surfaces,rheology and topography.Other regional factors can be distinguished in the Southern-Central Tunisian Atlas as the seismic activity of the pre-existing Gafsa fault reactivated during compressive phases and the weather conditions during the postglacial period.展开更多
The Gafsa phosphate basin is the most significant mining region in Tunisia with more than 8 million tons of natural phosphate extracted annually. Both the economic and industrial developments of Tunisia rely heavily o...The Gafsa phosphate basin is the most significant mining region in Tunisia with more than 8 million tons of natural phosphate extracted annually. Both the economic and industrial developments of Tunisia rely heavily on Phosphate deposit and this holds true as long as appropriate estimation of the reserves is undertaken. The aim of this study is to geostatistically explore the phosphate spatial distribution and geological reserve in the Tozeur-Nafta area (part of Gafsa phosphate basin) in Southwestern of Tunisia through sixty boreholes that had been randomly drilled. Optimal unbiased geostatistical tools of ArcGIS-Geostatistical analysts have been used to investigate the quantification of spatial arrangement through outlining the most optimum variogram model. The phosphate-thickness kriged map has shown a spatial distribution of phosphate in the southern of Tunisia. The variants of phosphate thickness in the kriged map reveal there is a rise of phosphate deposits towards the east. Two East-West and North-South correlations were applied using RockWorks16 software which provides visual correlation for phosphate thickness distribution throughout the Tozeur-Nafta region. The East-West correlation confirms that phosphate layer thickness increased towards the East direction, the North-South correlation shows that phosphate thickness in the northeastern limb of the Tozeur-Nafta anticline is more pronounced than in the southeastern limb. Phosphate reserves were estimated using the Ordinary Kriging Method (OKM) at 325.432661 Million tons. The results of this research indicate that the area under study shows much promise as a prospective target for investment in the local raw materials.展开更多
One of the principal parameters to study the tectonics deformation is the relation between the shortening axis and the direction of preexistent principal fault. It is important to verify this parameter in the belts st...One of the principal parameters to study the tectonics deformation is the relation between the shortening axis and the direction of preexistent principal fault. It is important to verify this parameter in the belts structures. The aim of this contribution is to check this notion in the Atlassic structures, especially in the southern limit of Tunisian Atlas: Gafsa fault. The strain partitioning model proposed in the interpretation of geodynamics of Gafsa chains suggests the coexistence of thrusting and strike-slip faults during the same tectonics phase. The application of this model requires a particular geometry between the shortening axis and the direction of fault, and indeed the obliquity of preexistent faults by the reported shortening axis interprets us a transpressive context. The slickenside examination shows the coexistence of thrusting and strike-slip faults. The application of model of strain partitioning requires a decollement level which is confirmed in the Gafsa basin by the upper level of Triassic series. These parameters confirm a particular relation thin and thick-skinned and the maximum of deformation is cover, although the basement structures permeate simple passive transport of the deformation along the Triassic decollement level. These problems confirm the assumption of the evolution of the shortening axis during geological events and especially the rotation of Africa and Eurasia.展开更多
Water exploits an essential part in all the durable development, the exploitation of this natural resource, its management and its position, its mineralization, its underground course and the mode o fits resurgence. T...Water exploits an essential part in all the durable development, the exploitation of this natural resource, its management and its position, its mineralization, its underground course and the mode o fits resurgence. The area of Gafsa is known by its very important hydrous potential which is geographically in the zone of transition between central Tunisia and the Saharan platform, these two great fields are separated by the fault of Gafsa which plays an important part in the structuring of the basins of the area, the hydrous resources of Gafsa make subsoil water the principal source of supply water, in the absence of an important network of surface. The zones of studies present requirements out of water which do not cease growing with the progress of the industrial activities and the concentration of the agricultural activities： The objective of this work is to analyze the water of the various zones of the area of Gafsa and to treat it to make it possible most drinkable. The analyzes like measurement of pH, measurement of electric conductivity and measurement of dry residue were made in the laboratory of the chemical group of Mdhila in Tunisia and in laboratory of Ion exchanger Materials of Vitry in France, the processes of treatment as opposite osmosis are also programmed in this same laboratory. The results are very encouraging to start the study and the design of a station of potabilisation of water in the area of Gafsa.展开更多
分析4种不同的水果运输调度问题(Fruits in Vehicle Routing Problem,FVRP):带硬时间窗的具有需求关联的模型、带容量约束的车辆运输调度问题模型、车辆运输调度问题模型和旅行商问题模型,并构建了相应的数学模型,采用基本人工鱼群算法...分析4种不同的水果运输调度问题(Fruits in Vehicle Routing Problem,FVRP):带硬时间窗的具有需求关联的模型、带容量约束的车辆运输调度问题模型、车辆运输调度问题模型和旅行商问题模型,并构建了相应的数学模型,采用基本人工鱼群算法和全局人工鱼群算法对所建立的4种模型求解,实验证明,全局人工鱼群算法克服了精度低、后期收敛慢、复杂度较高等缺点,能有效地求解此类问题,进一步证明了问题模型的复杂程度影响算法寻优能力,问题模型越复杂,收敛更慢.同时,也体现出当问题模型较复杂时,全局人工鱼群算法的寻优质量和速度优于人工鱼群算法.展开更多
基金supported by the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research,particularly Research Laboratory Geosystems,Goresources and Goenvironments LR21ES05 at the Faculty of Sciences Gabès。
文摘The development of orogenic belts structures in the Southern-Central Tunisian Atlas is influenced by the evolution of tectonic activities during different phases,which are also closely linked to the formation of gravitational collapse structure.The typical example is that of the northern flank of the Jebel Orbata particularly the Ben Zannouch fold.It is an asymmetrical anticline interpreted by the model of“Fault Propagation Folds”.The development of the Ben Zannouch structures is resulted from landslides,scree falls and inverted layers plunging to the south.The direction of resulted gravitational structure is parallel to the main thrust direction of the Bou Omrane anticline.The thrust activity of Bou Omrane fault is associated to the important paleo-slope facing south and plastic lithology(incompetent marl layers)of outcropped series,facilitates the development of the Ben Zannouch Flap structure.The definition of gravitational collapse structures for the first time in Tunisia particularly in the northern flank of the Jebel Orbata is controlled by many principal structural conditions:fragmentation of the landslide surfaces,rheology and topography.Other regional factors can be distinguished in the Southern-Central Tunisian Atlas as the seismic activity of the pre-existing Gafsa fault reactivated during compressive phases and the weather conditions during the postglacial period.
文摘The Gafsa phosphate basin is the most significant mining region in Tunisia with more than 8 million tons of natural phosphate extracted annually. Both the economic and industrial developments of Tunisia rely heavily on Phosphate deposit and this holds true as long as appropriate estimation of the reserves is undertaken. The aim of this study is to geostatistically explore the phosphate spatial distribution and geological reserve in the Tozeur-Nafta area (part of Gafsa phosphate basin) in Southwestern of Tunisia through sixty boreholes that had been randomly drilled. Optimal unbiased geostatistical tools of ArcGIS-Geostatistical analysts have been used to investigate the quantification of spatial arrangement through outlining the most optimum variogram model. The phosphate-thickness kriged map has shown a spatial distribution of phosphate in the southern of Tunisia. The variants of phosphate thickness in the kriged map reveal there is a rise of phosphate deposits towards the east. Two East-West and North-South correlations were applied using RockWorks16 software which provides visual correlation for phosphate thickness distribution throughout the Tozeur-Nafta region. The East-West correlation confirms that phosphate layer thickness increased towards the East direction, the North-South correlation shows that phosphate thickness in the northeastern limb of the Tozeur-Nafta anticline is more pronounced than in the southeastern limb. Phosphate reserves were estimated using the Ordinary Kriging Method (OKM) at 325.432661 Million tons. The results of this research indicate that the area under study shows much promise as a prospective target for investment in the local raw materials.
文摘One of the principal parameters to study the tectonics deformation is the relation between the shortening axis and the direction of preexistent principal fault. It is important to verify this parameter in the belts structures. The aim of this contribution is to check this notion in the Atlassic structures, especially in the southern limit of Tunisian Atlas: Gafsa fault. The strain partitioning model proposed in the interpretation of geodynamics of Gafsa chains suggests the coexistence of thrusting and strike-slip faults during the same tectonics phase. The application of this model requires a particular geometry between the shortening axis and the direction of fault, and indeed the obliquity of preexistent faults by the reported shortening axis interprets us a transpressive context. The slickenside examination shows the coexistence of thrusting and strike-slip faults. The application of model of strain partitioning requires a decollement level which is confirmed in the Gafsa basin by the upper level of Triassic series. These parameters confirm a particular relation thin and thick-skinned and the maximum of deformation is cover, although the basement structures permeate simple passive transport of the deformation along the Triassic decollement level. These problems confirm the assumption of the evolution of the shortening axis during geological events and especially the rotation of Africa and Eurasia.
文摘Water exploits an essential part in all the durable development, the exploitation of this natural resource, its management and its position, its mineralization, its underground course and the mode o fits resurgence. The area of Gafsa is known by its very important hydrous potential which is geographically in the zone of transition between central Tunisia and the Saharan platform, these two great fields are separated by the fault of Gafsa which plays an important part in the structuring of the basins of the area, the hydrous resources of Gafsa make subsoil water the principal source of supply water, in the absence of an important network of surface. The zones of studies present requirements out of water which do not cease growing with the progress of the industrial activities and the concentration of the agricultural activities： The objective of this work is to analyze the water of the various zones of the area of Gafsa and to treat it to make it possible most drinkable. The analyzes like measurement of pH, measurement of electric conductivity and measurement of dry residue were made in the laboratory of the chemical group of Mdhila in Tunisia and in laboratory of Ion exchanger Materials of Vitry in France, the processes of treatment as opposite osmosis are also programmed in this same laboratory. The results are very encouraging to start the study and the design of a station of potabilisation of water in the area of Gafsa.
文摘分析4种不同的水果运输调度问题(Fruits in Vehicle Routing Problem,FVRP):带硬时间窗的具有需求关联的模型、带容量约束的车辆运输调度问题模型、车辆运输调度问题模型和旅行商问题模型,并构建了相应的数学模型,采用基本人工鱼群算法和全局人工鱼群算法对所建立的4种模型求解,实验证明,全局人工鱼群算法克服了精度低、后期收敛慢、复杂度较高等缺点,能有效地求解此类问题,进一步证明了问题模型的复杂程度影响算法寻优能力,问题模型越复杂,收敛更慢.同时,也体现出当问题模型较复杂时,全局人工鱼群算法的寻优质量和速度优于人工鱼群算法.
