The velocities of tectonic plates derived from GNSS time series are regularly used as input data for geophysical models. However, as shown by numerous researches, the coordinates time series contain residual errors of...The velocities of tectonic plates derived from GNSS time series are regularly used as input data for geophysical models. However, as shown by numerous researches, the coordinates time series contain residual errors of a systematic nature, which can significantly affect the reliability of the obtained velocity estimates. This research shows that using non-classical error theory of measurement(NETM)for processing GNSS time series allows detecting the presence of weak, not removed from GNSS processing, sources of systematic errors. Based on the coordinate time series of selected permanent GNSS stations in Europe, we checked the empirical distributions of errors by the NETM on G. Jeffries’ recommendations and on the principles of the theory of hypothesis tests according to Pearson’s criterion. It is established that the obtained coordinates time series of GNSS-stations only partially confirm the hypothesis of their conformity to the normal Gaussian distribution law, and this may be the main reason for their unrepresentative classification. In the future, it is necessary to identify and take into account the causes of residual errors that distort the real distribution of the results of the GNSS time series.展开更多
Using GNSS data from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China( CMONOC),and PODAP software which was developed by the Satellite Navigation Institute of Wuhan University,the authors calculated data from 31 GNSS...Using GNSS data from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China( CMONOC),and PODAP software which was developed by the Satellite Navigation Institute of Wuhan University,the authors calculated data from 31 GNSS stations from July 1,2011 to December 31,2014,sampling at 30 seconds,and studied regional crustal deformation characteristics. Analysis results showed that in southwestern Xinjiang,the NS movement rate was influenced by Indian plate pushing. Under the blocking effect of the Tarim Basin,the EW movement rate was slightly smaller. In the north Tianshan area,the vertical dimension movement rate was quite different,which shows as a high gradient zone in the combination area between the basin and the mountain. With regards to regional overall characteristics,the authors considered that the intersection region from south Tianshan and Kunlun Mountains was prone to strong earthquakes, especially moderate-strong earthquakes,even more than M ≥ 7. 0 earthquakes. Middle of North Tianshan was the turning point of the vertical movement rate around Bayanbulak,and was also the high gradient zone of vertical movement. The area is also prone to strong earthquakes in the future.展开更多
In this study we compared weekly GNSS position time series with modelled values of crustal deformations on the basis of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment （GRACE） data. The Global Navigation Satellite Systems ...In this study we compared weekly GNSS position time series with modelled values of crustal deformations on the basis of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment （GRACE） data. The Global Navigation Satellite Systems （GNSS） time series were taken from homogeneously reprocessed global network solutions within the International GNSS Service （IGS） Reprucessing 1 project and from regional solutions performed by Warsaw University of Technology （WUT） European Permanent Network （EPN） Local Analysis Center （LAC） within the EPN reprocessing project. Eight GNSS sites from the territory of Poland with observation timespans between 2.5 and 13 years were selected for this study. The Total Water Equivalent （TWE） estimation from GRACE data was used to compute deformations using the Green＇s function formalism. High frequency components were removed from GRACE data to avoid aliasing problems. Since GRACE observes mainly the mass transport in continental storage of water, we also compared GRACE deformations and the GNSS position time series, with the deformations computed on the basis of a hydrosphere model. We used the output of Water GAP Hydrology Model （WGHM） to compute deformations in the same manner as for the GRACE data. The WGHM gave slightly larger amplitudes than GNSS and GRACE. The atmospheric non-tidal loading effect was removed from GNSS position time series before comparing them with modelled deformations. The results confirmed that the major part of observed seasonal variations for GNSS vertical components can be attributed to the hy- drosphere loading. The results for these components agree very well both in the amplitude and phase. The decrease in standard deviation of the residual GNSS position time series for vertical components corrected for the hydrosphere loading reached maximally 36% and occurred for all but one stations for both global and regional solutions. For horizontal components the amplitudes are about three times smaller than for vertical components therefore the compar展开更多
文摘The velocities of tectonic plates derived from GNSS time series are regularly used as input data for geophysical models. However, as shown by numerous researches, the coordinates time series contain residual errors of a systematic nature, which can significantly affect the reliability of the obtained velocity estimates. This research shows that using non-classical error theory of measurement(NETM)for processing GNSS time series allows detecting the presence of weak, not removed from GNSS processing, sources of systematic errors. Based on the coordinate time series of selected permanent GNSS stations in Europe, we checked the empirical distributions of errors by the NETM on G. Jeffries’ recommendations and on the principles of the theory of hypothesis tests according to Pearson’s criterion. It is established that the obtained coordinates time series of GNSS-stations only partially confirm the hypothesis of their conformity to the normal Gaussian distribution law, and this may be the main reason for their unrepresentative classification. In the future, it is necessary to identify and take into account the causes of residual errors that distort the real distribution of the results of the GNSS time series.
基金the Xinjiang EarthquakeScience Foundation(201411,201410,201412)Science for Earthquake Resilience(XH14054Y,XH16042Y,XH17044)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41374030,41474016,41274036)the Natural Science Foundation of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2012211B56)
文摘Using GNSS data from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China( CMONOC),and PODAP software which was developed by the Satellite Navigation Institute of Wuhan University,the authors calculated data from 31 GNSS stations from July 1,2011 to December 31,2014,sampling at 30 seconds,and studied regional crustal deformation characteristics. Analysis results showed that in southwestern Xinjiang,the NS movement rate was influenced by Indian plate pushing. Under the blocking effect of the Tarim Basin,the EW movement rate was slightly smaller. In the north Tianshan area,the vertical dimension movement rate was quite different,which shows as a high gradient zone in the combination area between the basin and the mountain. With regards to regional overall characteristics,the authors considered that the intersection region from south Tianshan and Kunlun Mountains was prone to strong earthquakes, especially moderate-strong earthquakes,even more than M ≥ 7. 0 earthquakes. Middle of North Tianshan was the turning point of the vertical movement rate around Bayanbulak,and was also the high gradient zone of vertical movement. The area is also prone to strong earthquakes in the future.
文摘In this study we compared weekly GNSS position time series with modelled values of crustal deformations on the basis of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment （GRACE） data. The Global Navigation Satellite Systems （GNSS） time series were taken from homogeneously reprocessed global network solutions within the International GNSS Service （IGS） Reprucessing 1 project and from regional solutions performed by Warsaw University of Technology （WUT） European Permanent Network （EPN） Local Analysis Center （LAC） within the EPN reprocessing project. Eight GNSS sites from the territory of Poland with observation timespans between 2.5 and 13 years were selected for this study. The Total Water Equivalent （TWE） estimation from GRACE data was used to compute deformations using the Green＇s function formalism. High frequency components were removed from GRACE data to avoid aliasing problems. Since GRACE observes mainly the mass transport in continental storage of water, we also compared GRACE deformations and the GNSS position time series, with the deformations computed on the basis of a hydrosphere model. We used the output of Water GAP Hydrology Model （WGHM） to compute deformations in the same manner as for the GRACE data. The WGHM gave slightly larger amplitudes than GNSS and GRACE. The atmospheric non-tidal loading effect was removed from GNSS position time series before comparing them with modelled deformations. The results confirmed that the major part of observed seasonal variations for GNSS vertical components can be attributed to the hy- drosphere loading. The results for these components agree very well both in the amplitude and phase. The decrease in standard deviation of the residual GNSS position time series for vertical components corrected for the hydrosphere loading reached maximally 36% and occurred for all but one stations for both global and regional solutions. For horizontal components the amplitudes are about three times smaller than for vertical components therefore the compar
