Viral infection commonly induces autophagy,leading to antiviral responses or conversely,promoting viral infection or replication.In this study,using the experimental plant Nicotiana benthamiana,we demonstrated that th...Viral infection commonly induces autophagy,leading to antiviral responses or conversely,promoting viral infection or replication.In this study,using the experimental plant Nicotiana benthamiana,we demonstrated that the rice stripe virus(RSV)coat protein(CP)enhanced autophagic activity through interaction with cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2(GAPC2),a negative regulator of plant autophagy that binds to an autophagy key factor,autophagy-related protein 3(ATG3).Competitive pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP)assays showed that RSV CP activated autophagy by disrupting the interaction between GAPC2 and ATG3.An RSV CP mutant that was unable to bind GAPC2 failed to disrupt the interaction between GAPC2 and ATG3 and therefore lost its ability to induce autophagy.RSV CP enhanced the autophagic degradation of a viral movement protein(MP)encoded by a heterologous virus,citrus leaf blotch virus(CLBV).However,the autophagic degradation of RSV-encoded MP and RNA-silencing suppressor(NS3)proteins was inhibited in the presence of CP,suggesting that RSV CP can protect MP and NS3 against autophagic degradation.Moreover,in the presence of MP,RSV CP could induce the autophagic degradation of a remorin protein(NbREM1),which negatively regulates RSV infection through the inhibition of viral cell-to-cell movement.Overall,our results suggest that RSV CP induces a selective autophagy to suppress the antiviral factors while protecting RSV-encoded viral proteins against autophagic degradation through an as-yet-unknown mechanism.This study showed that RSV CP plays dual roles in the autophagy-related interaction between plants and viruses.展开更多
为设计奶牛乳房炎链球菌GapC蛋白的多表位串联疫苗,进一步提高GapC蛋白的免疫效果,采用DNAMAN、MEGA软件分析GapC的同源性与系统发生,结果显示,不同种类链球菌亲缘关系均较近,尤其是与奶牛乳房炎有关的链球菌亲缘关系更近。利用在线软...为设计奶牛乳房炎链球菌GapC蛋白的多表位串联疫苗,进一步提高GapC蛋白的免疫效果,采用DNAMAN、MEGA软件分析GapC的同源性与系统发生,结果显示,不同种类链球菌亲缘关系均较近,尤其是与奶牛乳房炎有关的链球菌亲缘关系更近。利用在线软件预测GapC为亲水性蛋白,存在多个酶切位点;采用Signal P 4.1与TMHMM Server v.2.0软件预测GapC无信号肽和跨膜结构,定位于细胞表面;SOPMA服务器预测GapC二级结构中含无规则卷曲30.36%,α-螺旋33.93%,β-转角12.50%,β-片层23.21%。采用Swiss-Model预测的GapC三级结构与二级结构相符。利用ABCpred和Bepi Pred方案,预测GapC存在5个B细胞表位。运用神经网络与量化矩阵法预测GapC具有1个CTL表位。使用MHC-Ⅱ类分子结合肽在线程序预测显示GapC具有1个Th表位。采用DNASTAR Protean软件重组GapC抗原表位,设计获得抗原性较好的GapC重组表位多肽。展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170163)to LSThe program of introducing Talents of Innovative discipline to universities(project 111)(B18042)to LSThe state key laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts(project 2021DG700024-KF202210)to HZ.
文摘Viral infection commonly induces autophagy,leading to antiviral responses or conversely,promoting viral infection or replication.In this study,using the experimental plant Nicotiana benthamiana,we demonstrated that the rice stripe virus(RSV)coat protein(CP)enhanced autophagic activity through interaction with cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2(GAPC2),a negative regulator of plant autophagy that binds to an autophagy key factor,autophagy-related protein 3(ATG3).Competitive pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP)assays showed that RSV CP activated autophagy by disrupting the interaction between GAPC2 and ATG3.An RSV CP mutant that was unable to bind GAPC2 failed to disrupt the interaction between GAPC2 and ATG3 and therefore lost its ability to induce autophagy.RSV CP enhanced the autophagic degradation of a viral movement protein(MP)encoded by a heterologous virus,citrus leaf blotch virus(CLBV).However,the autophagic degradation of RSV-encoded MP and RNA-silencing suppressor(NS3)proteins was inhibited in the presence of CP,suggesting that RSV CP can protect MP and NS3 against autophagic degradation.Moreover,in the presence of MP,RSV CP could induce the autophagic degradation of a remorin protein(NbREM1),which negatively regulates RSV infection through the inhibition of viral cell-to-cell movement.Overall,our results suggest that RSV CP induces a selective autophagy to suppress the antiviral factors while protecting RSV-encoded viral proteins against autophagic degradation through an as-yet-unknown mechanism.This study showed that RSV CP plays dual roles in the autophagy-related interaction between plants and viruses.
文摘为设计奶牛乳房炎链球菌GapC蛋白的多表位串联疫苗,进一步提高GapC蛋白的免疫效果,采用DNAMAN、MEGA软件分析GapC的同源性与系统发生,结果显示,不同种类链球菌亲缘关系均较近,尤其是与奶牛乳房炎有关的链球菌亲缘关系更近。利用在线软件预测GapC为亲水性蛋白,存在多个酶切位点;采用Signal P 4.1与TMHMM Server v.2.0软件预测GapC无信号肽和跨膜结构,定位于细胞表面;SOPMA服务器预测GapC二级结构中含无规则卷曲30.36%,α-螺旋33.93%,β-转角12.50%,β-片层23.21%。采用Swiss-Model预测的GapC三级结构与二级结构相符。利用ABCpred和Bepi Pred方案,预测GapC存在5个B细胞表位。运用神经网络与量化矩阵法预测GapC具有1个CTL表位。使用MHC-Ⅱ类分子结合肽在线程序预测显示GapC具有1个Th表位。采用DNASTAR Protean软件重组GapC抗原表位,设计获得抗原性较好的GapC重组表位多肽。
