The human intestinal microbiome plays a major role in human health and diseases, including colorectal cancer. Colorectal carcinogenesis represents a heterogeneous process with a differing set of somatic molecular alte...The human intestinal microbiome plays a major role in human health and diseases, including colorectal cancer. Colorectal carcinogenesis represents a heterogeneous process with a differing set of somatic molecular alterations, influenced by diet, environmental and microbial exposures, and host immunity. Fusobacterium species are part of the human oral and intestinal microbiota. Metagenomic analyses have shown an enrichment of Fusobacterium nucleatum(F. nucleatum) in colorectal carcinoma tissue. Using 511 colorectal carcinomas from Japanese patients, we assessed the presence of F. nucleatum. Our results showed that the frequency of F. nucleatum positivity in the Japanese colorectal cancer was 8.6%(44/511), which was lower than that in United States cohort studies(13%). Similar to the United States studies, F. nucleatum positivityin Japanese colorectal cancers was significantly associated with microsatellite instability(MSI)-high status. Regarding the immune response in colorectal cancer, high levels of infiltrating T-cell subsets(i.e., CD3+, CD8+, CD45RO+, and FOXP3+ cells) have been associated with better patient prognosis. There is also evidence to indicate that molecular features of colorectal cancer, especially MSI, influence T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity. Concerning the association between the gut microbiome and immunity, F. nucleatum has been shown to expand myeloid-derived immune cells, which inhibit T-cell proliferation and induce T-cell apoptosis in colorectal cancer. This finding indicates that F. nucleatum possesses immunosuppressive activities by inhibiting human T-cell responses. Certain micro RNAs are induced during the macrophage inflammatory response and have the ability to regulate host-cell responses to pathogens. Micro RNA-21 increases the levels of IL-10 and prostaglandin E2, which suppress antitumor T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity through the inhibition of the antigen-presenting capacities of dendritic cells and T-cell proliferation in colorectal cancer cells. Thus, emerging evidence may 展开更多
Lemierre’s syndrome(LS)is an uncommon condition with oropharyngeal infections,internal jugular vein thrombosis,and systemic metastatic septic embolization as the main features.Fusobacterium species,a group of strictl...Lemierre’s syndrome(LS)is an uncommon condition with oropharyngeal infections,internal jugular vein thrombosis,and systemic metastatic septic embolization as the main features.Fusobacterium species,a group of strictly anaerobic Gram negative rod shaped bacteria,are advocated to be the main pathogen involved.We report a case of LS complicated by pulmonary embolism and pulmonary septic emboli that mimicked a neoplastic lung condition.A Medline search revealed 173 case reports of LS associated with internal jugular vein thrombosis that documented the type of microorganism.Data confirmed high prevalence in young males with Gram negative infections(83.2%).Pulmonary embolism was reported in 8.7% of cases mainly described in subjects with Gram positive infections(OR=9.786;95%CI:2.577-37.168,P=0.001),independently of age and gender.Only four fatal cases were reported.LS is an uncommon condition that could be complicated by pulmonary embolism,especially in subjects with Gram positive infections.展开更多
基金Supported by Japanese Society of Gastroenterology Research Foundation(to Nosho K)Pancreas Research Foundation of Japan(to Nosho K)+4 种基金Medical Research Encouragement Prize of The Japan Medical Association(to Nosho K)The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Challenging Exploratory Researchgrant No.25670371(to Shinomura Y)Ono Cancer Research Foundation(to Ito M)
文摘The human intestinal microbiome plays a major role in human health and diseases, including colorectal cancer. Colorectal carcinogenesis represents a heterogeneous process with a differing set of somatic molecular alterations, influenced by diet, environmental and microbial exposures, and host immunity. Fusobacterium species are part of the human oral and intestinal microbiota. Metagenomic analyses have shown an enrichment of Fusobacterium nucleatum(F. nucleatum) in colorectal carcinoma tissue. Using 511 colorectal carcinomas from Japanese patients, we assessed the presence of F. nucleatum. Our results showed that the frequency of F. nucleatum positivity in the Japanese colorectal cancer was 8.6%(44/511), which was lower than that in United States cohort studies(13%). Similar to the United States studies, F. nucleatum positivityin Japanese colorectal cancers was significantly associated with microsatellite instability(MSI)-high status. Regarding the immune response in colorectal cancer, high levels of infiltrating T-cell subsets(i.e., CD3+, CD8+, CD45RO+, and FOXP3+ cells) have been associated with better patient prognosis. There is also evidence to indicate that molecular features of colorectal cancer, especially MSI, influence T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity. Concerning the association between the gut microbiome and immunity, F. nucleatum has been shown to expand myeloid-derived immune cells, which inhibit T-cell proliferation and induce T-cell apoptosis in colorectal cancer. This finding indicates that F. nucleatum possesses immunosuppressive activities by inhibiting human T-cell responses. Certain micro RNAs are induced during the macrophage inflammatory response and have the ability to regulate host-cell responses to pathogens. Micro RNA-21 increases the levels of IL-10 and prostaglandin E2, which suppress antitumor T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity through the inhibition of the antigen-presenting capacities of dendritic cells and T-cell proliferation in colorectal cancer cells. Thus, emerging evidence may
文摘Lemierre’s syndrome(LS)is an uncommon condition with oropharyngeal infections,internal jugular vein thrombosis,and systemic metastatic septic embolization as the main features.Fusobacterium species,a group of strictly anaerobic Gram negative rod shaped bacteria,are advocated to be the main pathogen involved.We report a case of LS complicated by pulmonary embolism and pulmonary septic emboli that mimicked a neoplastic lung condition.A Medline search revealed 173 case reports of LS associated with internal jugular vein thrombosis that documented the type of microorganism.Data confirmed high prevalence in young males with Gram negative infections(83.2%).Pulmonary embolism was reported in 8.7% of cases mainly described in subjects with Gram positive infections(OR=9.786;95%CI:2.577-37.168,P=0.001),independently of age and gender.Only four fatal cases were reported.LS is an uncommon condition that could be complicated by pulmonary embolism,especially in subjects with Gram positive infections.
