Background:Dog bites are common in developing countries including Ghana,with the victims often being children.Although some breeds of dogs have been identified as being more aggressive than others,all dog bites carry ...Background:Dog bites are common in developing countries including Ghana,with the victims often being children.Although some breeds of dogs have been identified as being more aggressive than others,all dog bites carry a risk of infection.Immediate and initial assessment of the risk for tetanus and rabies infection with appropriate interventions such as wound management and subsequent selection of prophylactic antibiotics are essential in the management of dog bites.This study examined the management of patients with dog bites by frontline service providers at primary healthcare facilities in the Greater Accra Region,Ghana.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study in 66 public health facilities in the Greater Accra Region from July 2014 to April 2015.Up to four frontline service providers were randomly selected to participate from each facility.A structured questionnaire was administered to all consenting participants.Continuous variables were presented as means and standard deviations.The frontline service providers’knowledge was assessed as a discrete variable and values obtained presented as percentages and proportions.The chi-square test of proportions was used to determine any significant associations between the various categories of the frontline service providers and their knowledge about the management of rabies.Results:Regarding the frontline service providers’knowledge about rabies,57.8%(134/232)were correct in that the rabies virus is the causative agent of rabies,39.2%(91/232)attributed it to a dog bite,2.6%(6/232)did not know the cause,and one person(0.4%)attributed it to the herpes virus.Only 15.5%(36/232)knew the incubation period in dogs and the period required to observe for signs of a rabies infection.With respect to the administration of rabies immunoglobulin,42.2%(98/232)of the frontline service providers did not know how to administer it.Of the facilities visited,76%(50/66)did not have the rabies vaccines and 44%(102/232)of frontline service providers did not know where to get the rabie展开更多
一线员工顾客需求知识（customer need knowledge．CNK）的研究开始受到营销学者的重视，对CNK测量量表的研究目前还很少，影响学术界对CNK的前置和后置因素进行深入的实证研究。本文以旅行社一线员工为主要研究对象，采用访谈法、扎根...一线员工顾客需求知识（customer need knowledge．CNK）的研究开始受到营销学者的重视，对CNK测量量表的研究目前还很少，影响学术界对CNK的前置和后置因素进行深入的实证研究。本文以旅行社一线员工为主要研究对象，采用访谈法、扎根理论编码分析、内容分析以及问卷调查等多种研究方法，编制基于服务互动过程的一线员工顾客需求知识（CNK）量表，并通过定量分析，在旅行社对这个量表进行反复检验。可靠性分析、探测性分析、确认性与二阶因子分析、多元回归分析结果表明，作者编制的由3个维度共计18个计量项目组成的一线员工顾客需求知识（cNK）量表具有较好的可靠性、会聚有效性、鉴别有效性和预测有效性，可用于计量旅行社业的一线员工顾客需求知识（CNK）水平。论文对研究结果进行了讨论，并对学术界今后的研究方向提出了一些看法．展开更多
基金The study was funded by University of Ghana’s Office of Research,Innovation and Development.URF/7/ILG-037/2013–2014.
文摘Background:Dog bites are common in developing countries including Ghana,with the victims often being children.Although some breeds of dogs have been identified as being more aggressive than others,all dog bites carry a risk of infection.Immediate and initial assessment of the risk for tetanus and rabies infection with appropriate interventions such as wound management and subsequent selection of prophylactic antibiotics are essential in the management of dog bites.This study examined the management of patients with dog bites by frontline service providers at primary healthcare facilities in the Greater Accra Region,Ghana.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study in 66 public health facilities in the Greater Accra Region from July 2014 to April 2015.Up to four frontline service providers were randomly selected to participate from each facility.A structured questionnaire was administered to all consenting participants.Continuous variables were presented as means and standard deviations.The frontline service providers’knowledge was assessed as a discrete variable and values obtained presented as percentages and proportions.The chi-square test of proportions was used to determine any significant associations between the various categories of the frontline service providers and their knowledge about the management of rabies.Results:Regarding the frontline service providers’knowledge about rabies,57.8%(134/232)were correct in that the rabies virus is the causative agent of rabies,39.2%(91/232)attributed it to a dog bite,2.6%(6/232)did not know the cause,and one person(0.4%)attributed it to the herpes virus.Only 15.5%(36/232)knew the incubation period in dogs and the period required to observe for signs of a rabies infection.With respect to the administration of rabies immunoglobulin,42.2%(98/232)of the frontline service providers did not know how to administer it.Of the facilities visited,76%(50/66)did not have the rabies vaccines and 44%(102/232)of frontline service providers did not know where to get the rabie
文摘一线员工顾客需求知识（customer need knowledge．CNK）的研究开始受到营销学者的重视，对CNK测量量表的研究目前还很少，影响学术界对CNK的前置和后置因素进行深入的实证研究。本文以旅行社一线员工为主要研究对象，采用访谈法、扎根理论编码分析、内容分析以及问卷调查等多种研究方法，编制基于服务互动过程的一线员工顾客需求知识（CNK）量表，并通过定量分析，在旅行社对这个量表进行反复检验。可靠性分析、探测性分析、确认性与二阶因子分析、多元回归分析结果表明，作者编制的由3个维度共计18个计量项目组成的一线员工顾客需求知识（cNK）量表具有较好的可靠性、会聚有效性、鉴别有效性和预测有效性，可用于计量旅行社业的一线员工顾客需求知识（CNK）水平。论文对研究结果进行了讨论，并对学术界今后的研究方向提出了一些看法．
