The sample preparation of samples conlaining bovine serum albumin（BSA）,e.g..as used in transdermal Franz diffusion cell（FDC） solutions,was evaluated using an analytical qualily-by-design（QbD）approach.Traditional...The sample preparation of samples conlaining bovine serum albumin（BSA）,e.g..as used in transdermal Franz diffusion cell（FDC） solutions,was evaluated using an analytical qualily-by-design（QbD）approach.Traditional precipitation of BSA by adding an equal volume of organic solvent,often successfully used with conventional HPLC-PDA,was found insufficiently robust when novel fused-core HPLC and/or UPLC-MS methods were used.In this study,three factors（acetonitrile（%）.formic acid（%） and boiling time（min）） were included in the experimental design to determine an optimal and more suitable sample treatment of BSAcontaining FDC solutions.Using a QbD and Derringer desirability（D） approach,combining BSA loss,dilution factor and variability,we constructed an optimal working space with the edge of failure defined as D〈0.9.The design space is modelled and is confirmed to have an ACN range of 83 ± 3% and FA content of 1 ±0.25%.展开更多
胰腺囊实性假乳头状瘤（solid-cystic pseudopapillarytumor of the pancreas，SCPT）是一种罕见的胰腺肿瘤，发病率仅为0．13％～2．7％，多发于青年女性。1995年Franz首次报道SCPT，2000年WHO对其进行分类，认为它是交界性或低度恶性...胰腺囊实性假乳头状瘤（solid-cystic pseudopapillarytumor of the pancreas，SCPT）是一种罕见的胰腺肿瘤，发病率仅为0．13％～2．7％，多发于青年女性。1995年Franz首次报道SCPT，2000年WHO对其进行分类，认为它是交界性或低度恶性的肿瘤。由于认识不足，国内外报道较少，展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide were often criticized over the last decade because of their supposed noxious effects on human health. Moreover, these compounds which are freque...<strong>Background:</strong> Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide were often criticized over the last decade because of their supposed noxious effects on human health. Moreover, these compounds which are frequently introduced in sunscreen products as UV filter, are sometimes associated with poor UVA protection factors. So, in order to clarify the real efficacy and safety status of these products, we provide here some bibliographic and experimental data regarding 1) their “real” protective effect against UVA rays and 2) their real harmful effects on human skin notably by studying their capability to penetrate through the human cutaneous tissue. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> We studied here 4 sunscreen products containing titanium dioxide and zinc oxide for 3 of them. First, because the UVA-PF values obtained for these compounds by using the “classical” <em>in vitro</em> ISO 24443 procedure seem to be significantly different from to those obtained by using the <em>in vivo</em> method ISO 24442, we chose to develop a new <em>in vitro</em> methodology in order to more precisely define the UVA-PF of titanium and zinc oxides. This new methodology was then used to lead UVA-PF studies with the 4 selected solar products. We also provide here an evaluation of the toxicological effects of titanium and zinc oxides on human skin based on the SCCS reports and analysis of recent and relevant bibliographic studies. Moreover, as the harmful effects of this type of products are closely linked to their ability to penetrate cutaneous tissue, we tested 7 sunscreen products to precise the skin penetration profiles of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide by using human skin explants mounted on Franz cells. <strong>Results:</strong> We here demonstrated that our new <em>in vitro</em> methodology gave some UVA-PF values very close to those obtained with <em>in vivo</em> methods and we took advantage of it to define more realistic UVA-PF for titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. Additionally, we here evaluated the human skin permeation展开更多
In this trial, a topical formulation of a 1% liposome TH cream was compared to a conventional TH formulation. Permeation was evaluated through a synthetic membrane. The study provided information on the rate of diffus...In this trial, a topical formulation of a 1% liposome TH cream was compared to a conventional TH formulation. Permeation was evaluated through a synthetic membrane. The study provided information on the rate of diffusion and percentage of drug release and also compared the penetration dynamics in the layers of the stratum corneum of both formulations. Liposome TH cream was able to deliver the active ingredient to a larger number of SC layers, with a higher amount of drug, which is very promising for the treatment of superficial mycoses.展开更多
In this paper, the author mainly discusses the life of Franz Boas and Edward Sapir and their major contributions. Then does further discussions on Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis from different aspects.
In his symphonic poems Franz Liszt integrated musical topics(conventional musical signs or gestures),literary programs,and innovative musical forms.Prometheus and Tasso exemplify Liszt’s reliance on such programs and...In his symphonic poems Franz Liszt integrated musical topics(conventional musical signs or gestures),literary programs,and innovative musical forms.Prometheus and Tasso exemplify Liszt’s reliance on such programs and the"marked"gestures of musical topics.Through these hermeneutic aids,the listener is guided to imagine dramatic situations involving the fi gures of Prometheus and Tasso.In"musical"terms,however,Prometheus’s"redemption"may be hardly distinguishable from Tasso’s"victory,"as each relies upon similar musical gestures.How then does Liszt distinguish the depiction of Prometheus’s character from that of Tasso?This article examines the techniques Liszt used to create discrete plots and subjects by analyzing formal deviations from the symphonic tradition and the relationship among literary programs,musical topics,and narrativity.The distinctive plots of Prometheus and Tasso result from the appearance of"marked"musical gestures within displaced formal sections.Musical narrativity thus relies on both the correlation and tension between musical topics and innovative formal plans.In this sense Prometheus and Tasso illustrate a"linguistic model"of program music.展开更多
导言罗森茨威格(Franz Rosenzweig)与列维纳斯(Emmanuel Levinas)是现代犹太神哲学的两个重要人物。列维纳斯在哲学与神学许多思想主题上深受罗森茨威格的影响,最为突出的一点是"反抗总体"(opposition to the idea of totali...导言罗森茨威格(Franz Rosenzweig)与列维纳斯(Emmanuel Levinas)是现代犹太神哲学的两个重要人物。列维纳斯在哲学与神学许多思想主题上深受罗森茨威格的影响,最为突出的一点是"反抗总体"(opposition to the idea of totality)。列维纳斯多次在其著作和访谈中明确罗森茨威格在这个主题上给予的贡献,①并在三篇文章中专门介绍和解读罗森茨威格,反复强调罗森茨威格在反抗总体上对自己的影响。展开更多
Zwei Shne hat Franz.Zuerst sind sie aus dem Dorf hinaus,in die Stadt—dann aus der Stadt hinaus aus dem Land gegangen.Nach Deutschland.'Auswandern'nennt man das. Franz ist Bauer in einem
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is the cultural heritage of all humankind.TCM not only embodies the cultural crystallization of the region and the nation,but also performs the important mission of curing the lives,sa...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is the cultural heritage of all humankind.TCM not only embodies the cultural crystallization of the region and the nation,but also performs the important mission of curing the lives,saving the sick and maintaining the health of the people.In the history of the spread of Chinese medicine to the West,foreign missionaries have played an important role,and researches about this role have continued in China.In the history of Chinese medicine in Germany,there is a pivotal figure named Franz Hübotter(1881-1967),who broke through the deadlock in the academic research of Chinese medicine in the 19th century in Germany,but the discussion on his contribution has been comparatively rare in China.His works and translations are not only of medical value,but are also valuable historically,culturally,and socially.The historical development of TCM has the authenticity of history,the integrity of the environment,and the richness of the times.Medical experts have explored and verified the value of medicine.Translators and scholars are mainly concerned with the dissemination of knowledge from an intercultural perspective.This paper provides a primitive and objective introduction to Franz Hübotter,hoping to trigger off the secondary research among scholars of different professional backgrounds and to expand professional thinking,and then get over the barriers of disciplines.展开更多
基金the Special Research Fund of Ghent University(BOF 01D23812 to Lien Taevernier and BOF O1J22510 to Evelien Wynendaele and Professor Bart De Spiegeleer)the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders(IWT 101529 to Matthias D'Hondt)for their financial funding
文摘The sample preparation of samples conlaining bovine serum albumin（BSA）,e.g..as used in transdermal Franz diffusion cell（FDC） solutions,was evaluated using an analytical qualily-by-design（QbD）approach.Traditional precipitation of BSA by adding an equal volume of organic solvent,often successfully used with conventional HPLC-PDA,was found insufficiently robust when novel fused-core HPLC and/or UPLC-MS methods were used.In this study,three factors（acetonitrile（%）.formic acid（%） and boiling time（min）） were included in the experimental design to determine an optimal and more suitable sample treatment of BSAcontaining FDC solutions.Using a QbD and Derringer desirability（D） approach,combining BSA loss,dilution factor and variability,we constructed an optimal working space with the edge of failure defined as D〈0.9.The design space is modelled and is confirmed to have an ACN range of 83 ± 3% and FA content of 1 ±0.25%.
文摘胰腺囊实性假乳头状瘤（solid-cystic pseudopapillarytumor of the pancreas，SCPT）是一种罕见的胰腺肿瘤，发病率仅为0．13％～2．7％，多发于青年女性。1995年Franz首次报道SCPT，2000年WHO对其进行分类，认为它是交界性或低度恶性的肿瘤。由于认识不足，国内外报道较少，
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide were often criticized over the last decade because of their supposed noxious effects on human health. Moreover, these compounds which are frequently introduced in sunscreen products as UV filter, are sometimes associated with poor UVA protection factors. So, in order to clarify the real efficacy and safety status of these products, we provide here some bibliographic and experimental data regarding 1) their “real” protective effect against UVA rays and 2) their real harmful effects on human skin notably by studying their capability to penetrate through the human cutaneous tissue. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> We studied here 4 sunscreen products containing titanium dioxide and zinc oxide for 3 of them. First, because the UVA-PF values obtained for these compounds by using the “classical” <em>in vitro</em> ISO 24443 procedure seem to be significantly different from to those obtained by using the <em>in vivo</em> method ISO 24442, we chose to develop a new <em>in vitro</em> methodology in order to more precisely define the UVA-PF of titanium and zinc oxides. This new methodology was then used to lead UVA-PF studies with the 4 selected solar products. We also provide here an evaluation of the toxicological effects of titanium and zinc oxides on human skin based on the SCCS reports and analysis of recent and relevant bibliographic studies. Moreover, as the harmful effects of this type of products are closely linked to their ability to penetrate cutaneous tissue, we tested 7 sunscreen products to precise the skin penetration profiles of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide by using human skin explants mounted on Franz cells. <strong>Results:</strong> We here demonstrated that our new <em>in vitro</em> methodology gave some UVA-PF values very close to those obtained with <em>in vivo</em> methods and we took advantage of it to define more realistic UVA-PF for titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. Additionally, we here evaluated the human skin permeation
文摘In this trial, a topical formulation of a 1% liposome TH cream was compared to a conventional TH formulation. Permeation was evaluated through a synthetic membrane. The study provided information on the rate of diffusion and percentage of drug release and also compared the penetration dynamics in the layers of the stratum corneum of both formulations. Liposome TH cream was able to deliver the active ingredient to a larger number of SC layers, with a higher amount of drug, which is very promising for the treatment of superficial mycoses.
文摘In this paper, the author mainly discusses the life of Franz Boas and Edward Sapir and their major contributions. Then does further discussions on Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis from different aspects.
文摘In his symphonic poems Franz Liszt integrated musical topics(conventional musical signs or gestures),literary programs,and innovative musical forms.Prometheus and Tasso exemplify Liszt’s reliance on such programs and the"marked"gestures of musical topics.Through these hermeneutic aids,the listener is guided to imagine dramatic situations involving the fi gures of Prometheus and Tasso.In"musical"terms,however,Prometheus’s"redemption"may be hardly distinguishable from Tasso’s"victory,"as each relies upon similar musical gestures.How then does Liszt distinguish the depiction of Prometheus’s character from that of Tasso?This article examines the techniques Liszt used to create discrete plots and subjects by analyzing formal deviations from the symphonic tradition and the relationship among literary programs,musical topics,and narrativity.The distinctive plots of Prometheus and Tasso result from the appearance of"marked"musical gestures within displaced formal sections.Musical narrativity thus relies on both the correlation and tension between musical topics and innovative formal plans.In this sense Prometheus and Tasso illustrate a"linguistic model"of program music.
文摘导言罗森茨威格(Franz Rosenzweig)与列维纳斯(Emmanuel Levinas)是现代犹太神哲学的两个重要人物。列维纳斯在哲学与神学许多思想主题上深受罗森茨威格的影响,最为突出的一点是"反抗总体"(opposition to the idea of totality)。列维纳斯多次在其著作和访谈中明确罗森茨威格在这个主题上给予的贡献,①并在三篇文章中专门介绍和解读罗森茨威格,反复强调罗森茨威格在反抗总体上对自己的影响。
文摘Zwei Shne hat Franz.Zuerst sind sie aus dem Dorf hinaus,in die Stadt—dann aus der Stadt hinaus aus dem Land gegangen.Nach Deutschland.'Auswandern'nennt man das. Franz ist Bauer in einem
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is the cultural heritage of all humankind.TCM not only embodies the cultural crystallization of the region and the nation,but also performs the important mission of curing the lives,saving the sick and maintaining the health of the people.In the history of the spread of Chinese medicine to the West,foreign missionaries have played an important role,and researches about this role have continued in China.In the history of Chinese medicine in Germany,there is a pivotal figure named Franz Hübotter(1881-1967),who broke through the deadlock in the academic research of Chinese medicine in the 19th century in Germany,but the discussion on his contribution has been comparatively rare in China.His works and translations are not only of medical value,but are also valuable historically,culturally,and socially.The historical development of TCM has the authenticity of history,the integrity of the environment,and the richness of the times.Medical experts have explored and verified the value of medicine.Translators and scholars are mainly concerned with the dissemination of knowledge from an intercultural perspective.This paper provides a primitive and objective introduction to Franz Hübotter,hoping to trigger off the secondary research among scholars of different professional backgrounds and to expand professional thinking,and then get over the barriers of disciplines.
