Our aim in the present article is to introduce and study new types of retractions of closed flat Robertson-Walker W4 model. Types of the deformation retract of closed flat Robertson-Walker W4 model are obtained. The r...Our aim in the present article is to introduce and study new types of retractions of closed flat Robertson-Walker W4 model. Types of the deformation retract of closed flat Robertson-Walker W4 model are obtained. The relations between the retraction and the deformation retract of curves in W4 model are deduced. Types of minimal retractions of curves in W4 model are also presented. Also, the isometric and topological folding in each case and the relation between the deformation retracts after and before folding have been obtained. New types of homotopy maps are deduced. New types of conditional folding are presented. Some commutative diagrams are obtained.展开更多
Our aim in the present article is to introduce and study new types of retractions of Lobachevsky space. Types of the deformation retracts of Lobachevsky space are presented. The relations between the folding and the d...Our aim in the present article is to introduce and study new types of retractions of Lobachevsky space. Types of the deformation retracts of Lobachevsky space are presented. The relations between the folding and the deformation retract of Lobachevsky space are deduced. Types of minimal retractions of Lobachevsky space are also presented. Also, the isometric and topological folding in each case and the relation between the deformation retracts after and before folding have been obtained. New types of homotopy maps are deduced. Theorems governing this connection are achieved.展开更多
Recent advances in endoscopic technology allow detailed observation of the gastric mucosa.Today,endoscopy is used in the diagnosis of gastritis to determine the presence/absence of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infecti...Recent advances in endoscopic technology allow detailed observation of the gastric mucosa.Today,endoscopy is used in the diagnosis of gastritis to determine the presence/absence of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection and evaluate gastric cancer risk.In 2013,the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society advocated the Kyoto classification,a new grading system for endoscopic gastritis.The Kyoto classification organized endoscopic findings related to H.pylori infection.The Kyoto classification score is the sum of scores for five endoscopic findings(atrophy,intestinal metaplasia,enlarged folds,nodularity,and diffuse redness with or without regular arrangement of collecting venules)and ranges from 0 to 8.Atrophy,intestinal metaplasia,enlarged folds,and nodularity contribute to gastric cancer risk.Diffuse redness and regular arrangement of collecting venules are related to H.pylori infection status.In subjects without a history of H.pylori eradication,the infection rates in those with Kyoto scores of 0,1,and≥2 were 1.5%,45%,and 82%,respectively.A Kyoto classification score of 0 indicates no H.pylori infection.A Kyoto classification score of 2 or more indicates H.pylori infection.Kyoto classification scores of patients with and without gastric cancer were 4.8 and 3.8,respectively.A Kyoto classification score of 4 or more might indicate gastric cancer risk.展开更多
文摘Our aim in the present article is to introduce and study new types of retractions of closed flat Robertson-Walker W4 model. Types of the deformation retract of closed flat Robertson-Walker W4 model are obtained. The relations between the retraction and the deformation retract of curves in W4 model are deduced. Types of minimal retractions of curves in W4 model are also presented. Also, the isometric and topological folding in each case and the relation between the deformation retracts after and before folding have been obtained. New types of homotopy maps are deduced. New types of conditional folding are presented. Some commutative diagrams are obtained.
文摘Our aim in the present article is to introduce and study new types of retractions of Lobachevsky space. Types of the deformation retracts of Lobachevsky space are presented. The relations between the folding and the deformation retract of Lobachevsky space are deduced. Types of minimal retractions of Lobachevsky space are also presented. Also, the isometric and topological folding in each case and the relation between the deformation retracts after and before folding have been obtained. New types of homotopy maps are deduced. Theorems governing this connection are achieved.
文摘Recent advances in endoscopic technology allow detailed observation of the gastric mucosa.Today,endoscopy is used in the diagnosis of gastritis to determine the presence/absence of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection and evaluate gastric cancer risk.In 2013,the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society advocated the Kyoto classification,a new grading system for endoscopic gastritis.The Kyoto classification organized endoscopic findings related to H.pylori infection.The Kyoto classification score is the sum of scores for five endoscopic findings(atrophy,intestinal metaplasia,enlarged folds,nodularity,and diffuse redness with or without regular arrangement of collecting venules)and ranges from 0 to 8.Atrophy,intestinal metaplasia,enlarged folds,and nodularity contribute to gastric cancer risk.Diffuse redness and regular arrangement of collecting venules are related to H.pylori infection status.In subjects without a history of H.pylori eradication,the infection rates in those with Kyoto scores of 0,1,and≥2 were 1.5%,45%,and 82%,respectively.A Kyoto classification score of 0 indicates no H.pylori infection.A Kyoto classification score of 2 or more indicates H.pylori infection.Kyoto classification scores of patients with and without gastric cancer were 4.8 and 3.8,respectively.A Kyoto classification score of 4 or more might indicate gastric cancer risk.
