与液态电解质相比,聚合物电解质(SPEs)具有更高的安全性,在储能领域具有广阔的应用前景.但是其高压下易分解、室温离子电导率低、室温循环性能差等问题阻碍了SPEs的应用.本研究以丙烯酸三氟乙酯和碳酸乙烯亚乙酯为原料,丁二腈为增塑剂,...与液态电解质相比,聚合物电解质(SPEs)具有更高的安全性,在储能领域具有广阔的应用前景.但是其高压下易分解、室温离子电导率低、室温循环性能差等问题阻碍了SPEs的应用.本研究以丙烯酸三氟乙酯和碳酸乙烯亚乙酯为原料,丁二腈为增塑剂,原位聚合制备了氟化聚碳酸酯基固态电解质SNSPE-40.SNSPE-40在25℃条件下离子电导率高达1.33 mS cm^(-1),电化学窗口达到5.4 V.得益于富含氟化锂的SEI层的形成,Li|SNSPE-40|Li电池以0.1 mA cm^(-2)电流密度稳定循环了2000 h.在4.5 V截止电压和室温条件下,Li|SNSPE-40|LiNi_(0.9)Co_(0.05)-Mn0.05O_(2)电池实现了0.5 C(1 C=220 mA g^(-1))倍率300圈的稳定循环(57.4%容量保持率).Li|SNSPE-40|LiCoO_(2)电池实现了1 C(1 C=200 mA g^(-1))倍率250圈的长循环(54.9%容量保持率).这种新型固态电解质在高压固态锂金属电池中表现出巨大应用潜力.展开更多
Li metal batteries using high-voltage layered oxides cathodes are of particular interest due to their high energy density.However,they suffer from short lifespan and extreme safety concerns,which are attributed to the...Li metal batteries using high-voltage layered oxides cathodes are of particular interest due to their high energy density.However,they suffer from short lifespan and extreme safety concerns,which are attributed to the degradation of layered oxides and the decomposition of electrolyte at high voltage,as well as the high reactivity of metallic Li.The key is the development of stable electrolytes against both highvoltage cathodes and Li with the formation of robust interphase films on the surfaces.Herein,we report a highly fluorinated ether,1,1,1-trifluoro-2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)methoxy]ethane(TTME),as a cosolvent,which not only functions as a diluent forming a localized high concentration electrolyte(LHCE),but also participates in the construction of the inner solvation structure.The TTME-based electrolyte is stable itself at high voltage and induces the formation of a unique double-layer solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)film,which is embodied as one layer rich in crystalline structural components for enhanced mechanical strength and another amorphous layer with a higher concentration of organic components for enhanced flexibility.The Li||Cu cells display a noticeably high Coulombic efficiency of 99.28%after 300 cycles and Li symmetric cells maintain stable cycling more than 3200 h at 0.5 mA/cm^(2) and 1.0m Ah/cm^(2).In addition,lithium metal cells using LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) and Li CoO_(2) cathodes(both loadings~3.0 m Ah/cm^(2))realize capacity retentions of>85%over 240 cycles with a charge cut-off voltage of 4.4 V and 90%for 170 cycles with a charge cut-off voltage of 4.5 V,respectively.This study offers a bifunctional ether-based electrolyte solvent beneficial for high-voltage Li metal batteries.展开更多
Lithium–sulfur(Li–S) batteries represent a "beyond Li-ion" technology with low cost and high theoretical energy density and should fulfill the ever-growing requirements of electric vehicles and stationary ...Lithium–sulfur(Li–S) batteries represent a "beyond Li-ion" technology with low cost and high theoretical energy density and should fulfill the ever-growing requirements of electric vehicles and stationary energy storage systems. However, the sulfur-based conversion reaction in conventional liquid electrolytes results in issues like the so-called shuttle effect of polysulfides and lithium dendrite growth, which deteriorate the electrochemical performance and safety of Li–S batteries. Optimization of conventional organic solvents(including ether and carbonate) by fluorination to form fluorinated electrolytes is a promising strategy for the practical application of Li–S batteries. The fluorinated electrolytes, owing to the high electronegativity of fluorine, possesses attractive physicochemical properties, including low melting point,high flash point, and low solubility of lithium polysulfide, and can form a compact and stable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI) with the lithium metal anode. Herein, we review recent advancements in the development of fluorinated electrolytes for use in Li–S batteries. The effect of solvent molecular structure on the performance of Li–S batteries and the formation mechanism of SEI on the cathode and anode sides are analyzed and discussed in detail. The remaining challenges and future perspectives of fluorinated electrolytes for Li–S batteries are also presented.展开更多
Lithium(Li)metal anodes have attracted extensive attention due to their ultrahigh theoretical capacity and low potential.However,the uneven deposition of Li near the unstable electrode/electrolyte interfaces leads to ...Lithium(Li)metal anodes have attracted extensive attention due to their ultrahigh theoretical capacity and low potential.However,the uneven deposition of Li near the unstable electrode/electrolyte interfaces leads to the growth of Li dendrites and the degradation of active electrodes.Herein,we directly fluorinate alkyne-containing conjugated microporous polymers(ACMPs)microspheres with fluorine gas(F_(2))to introduce a novel fluorinated interlayer as an interfacial stabilizer in lithium metal batteries.Using density functional theory methods,it is found that as-prepared fluorinated ACMP(FACMP)has abundant partially ionic C–F bonds.The C–F bonds with electrochemical lability yield remarkable lithiophilicity during cycling.The in situ reactions between the active C–F bonds and Li ions enable transfer of lithium fluoride microcrystals to the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layers,guaranteeing effective ionic distribution and smooth Li deposition.Consequently,Li metal electrodes with the fluorinated interlayers demonstrate excellent cycling performances in both half-batteries and full cells with a lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide electrolyte as well as a nonfluorinated lithium bis(oxalate)borate electrolyte system.This strategy is highly significant in customizable SEI layers to stabilize electrode interfaces and ensure high utilization of Li metal anodes,especially in a nonfluorinated electrolyte.展开更多
The ever-growing pursuit of high energy density batteries has triggered extensive efforts toward developing alkali metal(Li,Na,and K)battery(AMB)technologies owing to high theoretical capacities and low redox potentia...The ever-growing pursuit of high energy density batteries has triggered extensive efforts toward developing alkali metal(Li,Na,and K)battery(AMB)technologies owing to high theoretical capacities and low redox potentials of metallic anodes.Typically,for new battery systems,the electrolyte design is critical for realizing the battery electrochemistry of AMBs.Conventional electrolytes in alkali ion batteries are generally unsuitable for sustaining the stability owing to the hyper-reactivity and dendritic growth of alkali metals.In this review,we begin with the fundamentals of AMB electrolytes.Recent advancements in concentrated and fluorinated electrolytes,as well as functional electrolyte additives for boosting the stability of Li metal batteries,are summarized and discussed with a special focus on structure-composition-performance relationships.We then delve into the electrolyte formulations for Na-and K metal batteries,including those in which Na/K do not adhere to the Li-inherited paradigms.Finally,the challenges and the future research needs in advanced electrolytes for AMB are highlighted.This comprehensive review sheds light on the principles for the rational design of promising electrolytes and offers new inspirations for developing stable AMBs with high performance.展开更多
We fabricated dye-sensitized solar cells including fluorinated gel electrolyte and studied about the relationship between the performance of the solar cells and the aggregation state of TiO2 nano-particles on electrod...We fabricated dye-sensitized solar cells including fluorinated gel electrolyte and studied about the relationship between the performance of the solar cells and the aggregation state of TiO2 nano-particles on electrodes. As for the performance of the cell, the I-V characteristics were measured under irradiation. The combination of TiO2 nanoparticles with different size plays an important role in bringing unevenness to realize a large surface area, which is critical for the high performance of the cells.展开更多
Fluorinated oligomer gel is suitable to the electrolyte of dye sensitized solar cell. This article studied mainly in the scope of electric conductivity, including ionic liquid in the electrolyte. It was found that the...Fluorinated oligomer gel is suitable to the electrolyte of dye sensitized solar cell. This article studied mainly in the scope of electric conductivity, including ionic liquid in the electrolyte. It was found that the ratio of mixing with dimetyl sulfoxide and the concentration of LiI affect the conductivity. The behavior is different depending on the type of ionic liquid. Although the mixing ionic liquid enhances the conductivity, the short circuit current density of assembled solar cell with it was suppressed so much.展开更多
Fluorinated oligomer gel is suitable to the electrolyte of dye-sensitized solar cell for low cost production. In this article, addition of pyridine was investigated for the purpose of enhancing the short current densi...Fluorinated oligomer gel is suitable to the electrolyte of dye-sensitized solar cell for low cost production. In this article, addition of pyridine was investigated for the purpose of enhancing the short current density. Two kinds of ionic liquids were tested: imidazolium and pyrazolium systems. The two different stages of adding pyridine to the electrolyte were considered and the amount of pyridine was studied. It was found that the electrolyte including pyrazolium ionic liquids to which pyridine was added before the mixing with fluorinated oligomer showed the highest electric conductivity, short current density and open voltage. This resulted in the highest conversion efficiency of 4%. As the amount of pyridine increased, the fill factor and the open voltage were improved at first, and then the short current density increased. If the pyridine was added more, the short current density conversely decreased.展开更多
Ethyl-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)carbonate(ETFEC)is investigated as a solvent component in high-voltage electrolytes for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4(LNMO).Our results show that the self-discharge behavior and the high temperature cycle...Ethyl-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)carbonate(ETFEC)is investigated as a solvent component in high-voltage electrolytes for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4(LNMO).Our results show that the self-discharge behavior and the high temperature cycle performance can be significantly improved by the addition of 10%ETFEC into the normal carbonate electrolytes,e.g.,the capacity retention improved from 65.3%to 77.1%after 200 cycles at 60℃.The main reason can be ascribed to the high stability of ETFEC which prevents large oxidation of the electrolyte on the cathode surface.In addition,we also explore the feasibility of electrolytes using single fluoriated-solvents with and without additives.Our results show that the cycle performance of LNMO material can be greatly improved in 1 MLiPF6+pure ETFEC-solvent system with 2 wt%ethylene carbonate(EC)or ethylene sulfate(DTD).The capacity retention of the LNMO materials is 93%after 300 cycles,even better than that of carbonate-based electrolytes.It is shown that the additives are oxidized on the surface of LNMO particles and contribute to the formation of cathode/electrolyte interphase(CEI)films.This composite CEI film plays a crucial role in suppressing the serious decomposition of the electrolyte at high voltage.展开更多
We fabricated dye-sensitized solar cells with non-cross-linked fluorinated gel electrolyte. The application of fluorinated gel to electrolyte is a challenging issue at present. The gelation of the electrolyte is of im...We fabricated dye-sensitized solar cells with non-cross-linked fluorinated gel electrolyte. The application of fluorinated gel to electrolyte is a challenging issue at present. The gelation of the electrolyte is of importance in order to solve the problem in the durability of the cell. We investigated, in this article, the effect of Pt deposition on the anode of the cell. The Pt was deposited by means of a DC sputtering technique. The studies showed that the deposition time strongly affected both open voltage and short-circuit current of the cell. The adaptive thickness of the Pt layer was determined to be 10 nm for the non-cross-linked fluorinated gel electrolyte cells.展开更多
An unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)and chaotic lithium ion fux are key impediments to commercial high-energy-density lithium batteries because of the uncontrolled growth of rigid lithium dendrites,which woul...An unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)and chaotic lithium ion fux are key impediments to commercial high-energy-density lithium batteries because of the uncontrolled growth of rigid lithium dendrites,which would pierce through the conventional polypropylene(PP)separator,causing short circuit and safety issues.Herein,the homogenization of lithium ion fux and the generation of stable SEI layers on lithium anodes were achieved via coating a fuorine-functionalized Ti_(3)C_(2)(F-Ti_(3)C_(2))nanosheets on PP separator(F-Ti_(3)C_(2)@PP).F-Ti_(3)C_(2)nanosheets provide abundant ions pathways to homogeneously manipulate lithium ion fux and increase the Young’s modulus and electrolyte wettability of the separators.In addition,F species derived from the F-Ti_(3)C_(2)nanosheets would promote the formation of Li F-rich SEI film.The synergistic effect contribute to the uniform lithium deposition.Symmetric Li|Li,asymmetric Li|Cu and full Li|Li Fe PO4cells incorporated with the modified separators exhibit improved electrochemical performance even under lean electrolyte conditions.This work provides a feasible strategy to improve the performance of lithium batteries through both fuoridized SEI formation and lithium ion fux manipulation.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3805702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52130303 and 52327802)Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies(No.EEST20214)。
文摘与液态电解质相比,聚合物电解质(SPEs)具有更高的安全性,在储能领域具有广阔的应用前景.但是其高压下易分解、室温离子电导率低、室温循环性能差等问题阻碍了SPEs的应用.本研究以丙烯酸三氟乙酯和碳酸乙烯亚乙酯为原料,丁二腈为增塑剂,原位聚合制备了氟化聚碳酸酯基固态电解质SNSPE-40.SNSPE-40在25℃条件下离子电导率高达1.33 mS cm^(-1),电化学窗口达到5.4 V.得益于富含氟化锂的SEI层的形成,Li|SNSPE-40|Li电池以0.1 mA cm^(-2)电流密度稳定循环了2000 h.在4.5 V截止电压和室温条件下,Li|SNSPE-40|LiNi_(0.9)Co_(0.05)-Mn0.05O_(2)电池实现了0.5 C(1 C=220 mA g^(-1))倍率300圈的稳定循环(57.4%容量保持率).Li|SNSPE-40|LiCoO_(2)电池实现了1 C(1 C=200 mA g^(-1))倍率250圈的长循环(54.9%容量保持率).这种新型固态电解质在高压固态锂金属电池中表现出巨大应用潜力.
基金the financial supports from the KeyArea Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2020B090919001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22078144)the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation for Basic and Applied Basic Research (2021A1515010138 and 2023A1515010686)。
文摘Li metal batteries using high-voltage layered oxides cathodes are of particular interest due to their high energy density.However,they suffer from short lifespan and extreme safety concerns,which are attributed to the degradation of layered oxides and the decomposition of electrolyte at high voltage,as well as the high reactivity of metallic Li.The key is the development of stable electrolytes against both highvoltage cathodes and Li with the formation of robust interphase films on the surfaces.Herein,we report a highly fluorinated ether,1,1,1-trifluoro-2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)methoxy]ethane(TTME),as a cosolvent,which not only functions as a diluent forming a localized high concentration electrolyte(LHCE),but also participates in the construction of the inner solvation structure.The TTME-based electrolyte is stable itself at high voltage and induces the formation of a unique double-layer solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)film,which is embodied as one layer rich in crystalline structural components for enhanced mechanical strength and another amorphous layer with a higher concentration of organic components for enhanced flexibility.The Li||Cu cells display a noticeably high Coulombic efficiency of 99.28%after 300 cycles and Li symmetric cells maintain stable cycling more than 3200 h at 0.5 mA/cm^(2) and 1.0m Ah/cm^(2).In addition,lithium metal cells using LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) and Li CoO_(2) cathodes(both loadings~3.0 m Ah/cm^(2))realize capacity retentions of>85%over 240 cycles with a charge cut-off voltage of 4.4 V and 90%for 170 cycles with a charge cut-off voltage of 4.5 V,respectively.This study offers a bifunctional ether-based electrolyte solvent beneficial for high-voltage Li metal batteries.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.51772089 and 21872046)the Youth 1000 Talent Program of China(Grant no.S2017JJJCQN0149)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Outstanding Youth Scientist Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant no.S2019JJQNJJ0361)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant no.S2019JJQNJJ0361)。
文摘Lithium–sulfur(Li–S) batteries represent a "beyond Li-ion" technology with low cost and high theoretical energy density and should fulfill the ever-growing requirements of electric vehicles and stationary energy storage systems. However, the sulfur-based conversion reaction in conventional liquid electrolytes results in issues like the so-called shuttle effect of polysulfides and lithium dendrite growth, which deteriorate the electrochemical performance and safety of Li–S batteries. Optimization of conventional organic solvents(including ether and carbonate) by fluorination to form fluorinated electrolytes is a promising strategy for the practical application of Li–S batteries. The fluorinated electrolytes, owing to the high electronegativity of fluorine, possesses attractive physicochemical properties, including low melting point,high flash point, and low solubility of lithium polysulfide, and can form a compact and stable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI) with the lithium metal anode. Herein, we review recent advancements in the development of fluorinated electrolytes for use in Li–S batteries. The effect of solvent molecular structure on the performance of Li–S batteries and the formation mechanism of SEI on the cathode and anode sides are analyzed and discussed in detail. The remaining challenges and future perspectives of fluorinated electrolytes for Li–S batteries are also presented.
基金Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars in Tianjin,Grant/Award Number:19JCJQJC61700National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:51773147,51973151,52130303National Key R&D Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2022YFB3805702。
文摘Lithium(Li)metal anodes have attracted extensive attention due to their ultrahigh theoretical capacity and low potential.However,the uneven deposition of Li near the unstable electrode/electrolyte interfaces leads to the growth of Li dendrites and the degradation of active electrodes.Herein,we directly fluorinate alkyne-containing conjugated microporous polymers(ACMPs)microspheres with fluorine gas(F_(2))to introduce a novel fluorinated interlayer as an interfacial stabilizer in lithium metal batteries.Using density functional theory methods,it is found that as-prepared fluorinated ACMP(FACMP)has abundant partially ionic C–F bonds.The C–F bonds with electrochemical lability yield remarkable lithiophilicity during cycling.The in situ reactions between the active C–F bonds and Li ions enable transfer of lithium fluoride microcrystals to the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layers,guaranteeing effective ionic distribution and smooth Li deposition.Consequently,Li metal electrodes with the fluorinated interlayers demonstrate excellent cycling performances in both half-batteries and full cells with a lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide electrolyte as well as a nonfluorinated lithium bis(oxalate)borate electrolyte system.This strategy is highly significant in customizable SEI layers to stabilize electrode interfaces and ensure high utilization of Li metal anodes,especially in a nonfluorinated electrolyte.
基金financial support from Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(No.2019MS05068)Inner Mongolia scientific and technological achievements transformation project(CGZH2018132)+3 种基金Inner Mongolia major science and technology project(2020ZD0024)the research project of Inner Mongolia Electric Power(Group)Co.,Ltd for post-doctoral studies,the Hong Kong Polytechnic University start-up funding,National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.51872157)Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Power Battery Safety Research(No.ZDSYS201707271615073)financial support from the Australian Research Council(DE190100445).
文摘The ever-growing pursuit of high energy density batteries has triggered extensive efforts toward developing alkali metal(Li,Na,and K)battery(AMB)technologies owing to high theoretical capacities and low redox potentials of metallic anodes.Typically,for new battery systems,the electrolyte design is critical for realizing the battery electrochemistry of AMBs.Conventional electrolytes in alkali ion batteries are generally unsuitable for sustaining the stability owing to the hyper-reactivity and dendritic growth of alkali metals.In this review,we begin with the fundamentals of AMB electrolytes.Recent advancements in concentrated and fluorinated electrolytes,as well as functional electrolyte additives for boosting the stability of Li metal batteries,are summarized and discussed with a special focus on structure-composition-performance relationships.We then delve into the electrolyte formulations for Na-and K metal batteries,including those in which Na/K do not adhere to the Li-inherited paradigms.Finally,the challenges and the future research needs in advanced electrolytes for AMB are highlighted.This comprehensive review sheds light on the principles for the rational design of promising electrolytes and offers new inspirations for developing stable AMBs with high performance.
文摘We fabricated dye-sensitized solar cells including fluorinated gel electrolyte and studied about the relationship between the performance of the solar cells and the aggregation state of TiO2 nano-particles on electrodes. As for the performance of the cell, the I-V characteristics were measured under irradiation. The combination of TiO2 nanoparticles with different size plays an important role in bringing unevenness to realize a large surface area, which is critical for the high performance of the cells.
文摘Fluorinated oligomer gel is suitable to the electrolyte of dye sensitized solar cell. This article studied mainly in the scope of electric conductivity, including ionic liquid in the electrolyte. It was found that the ratio of mixing with dimetyl sulfoxide and the concentration of LiI affect the conductivity. The behavior is different depending on the type of ionic liquid. Although the mixing ionic liquid enhances the conductivity, the short circuit current density of assembled solar cell with it was suppressed so much.
文摘Fluorinated oligomer gel is suitable to the electrolyte of dye-sensitized solar cell for low cost production. In this article, addition of pyridine was investigated for the purpose of enhancing the short current density. Two kinds of ionic liquids were tested: imidazolium and pyrazolium systems. The two different stages of adding pyridine to the electrolyte were considered and the amount of pyridine was studied. It was found that the electrolyte including pyrazolium ionic liquids to which pyridine was added before the mixing with fluorinated oligomer showed the highest electric conductivity, short current density and open voltage. This resulted in the highest conversion efficiency of 4%. As the amount of pyridine increased, the fill factor and the open voltage were improved at first, and then the short current density increased. If the pyridine was added more, the short current density conversely decreased.
基金financially supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant no.2018YFB010440)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.21761132030,21621091).
文摘Ethyl-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)carbonate(ETFEC)is investigated as a solvent component in high-voltage electrolytes for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4(LNMO).Our results show that the self-discharge behavior and the high temperature cycle performance can be significantly improved by the addition of 10%ETFEC into the normal carbonate electrolytes,e.g.,the capacity retention improved from 65.3%to 77.1%after 200 cycles at 60℃.The main reason can be ascribed to the high stability of ETFEC which prevents large oxidation of the electrolyte on the cathode surface.In addition,we also explore the feasibility of electrolytes using single fluoriated-solvents with and without additives.Our results show that the cycle performance of LNMO material can be greatly improved in 1 MLiPF6+pure ETFEC-solvent system with 2 wt%ethylene carbonate(EC)or ethylene sulfate(DTD).The capacity retention of the LNMO materials is 93%after 300 cycles,even better than that of carbonate-based electrolytes.It is shown that the additives are oxidized on the surface of LNMO particles and contribute to the formation of cathode/electrolyte interphase(CEI)films.This composite CEI film plays a crucial role in suppressing the serious decomposition of the electrolyte at high voltage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51872304)Ningbo 2025 Project,China (2018B10061, 2019B10044)the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFB0905400)。
文摘We fabricated dye-sensitized solar cells with non-cross-linked fluorinated gel electrolyte. The application of fluorinated gel to electrolyte is a challenging issue at present. The gelation of the electrolyte is of importance in order to solve the problem in the durability of the cell. We investigated, in this article, the effect of Pt deposition on the anode of the cell. The Pt was deposited by means of a DC sputtering technique. The studies showed that the deposition time strongly affected both open voltage and short-circuit current of the cell. The adaptive thickness of the Pt layer was determined to be 10 nm for the non-cross-linked fluorinated gel electrolyte cells.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21931005,21871177,20172012002)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(20ZR1427600)the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(19JC1412600)。
文摘An unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)and chaotic lithium ion fux are key impediments to commercial high-energy-density lithium batteries because of the uncontrolled growth of rigid lithium dendrites,which would pierce through the conventional polypropylene(PP)separator,causing short circuit and safety issues.Herein,the homogenization of lithium ion fux and the generation of stable SEI layers on lithium anodes were achieved via coating a fuorine-functionalized Ti_(3)C_(2)(F-Ti_(3)C_(2))nanosheets on PP separator(F-Ti_(3)C_(2)@PP).F-Ti_(3)C_(2)nanosheets provide abundant ions pathways to homogeneously manipulate lithium ion fux and increase the Young’s modulus and electrolyte wettability of the separators.In addition,F species derived from the F-Ti_(3)C_(2)nanosheets would promote the formation of Li F-rich SEI film.The synergistic effect contribute to the uniform lithium deposition.Symmetric Li|Li,asymmetric Li|Cu and full Li|Li Fe PO4cells incorporated with the modified separators exhibit improved electrochemical performance even under lean electrolyte conditions.This work provides a feasible strategy to improve the performance of lithium batteries through both fuoridized SEI formation and lithium ion fux manipulation.
