In the context of disaster normalization,the concept of“resilience”has been gradually introduced into the field of disaster prevention and mitigation in urban communities.In order to resist the increasingly frequent...In the context of disaster normalization,the concept of“resilience”has been gradually introduced into the field of disaster prevention and mitigation in urban communities.In order to resist the increasingly frequent disasters caused by extreme weather,it is necessary to shift the focus of building resilient urban communities to the level of stormwater management.Community resilience is a disaster prevention and mitigation capability based on community resources.In order to solve the deficiency of storm and flood management in the current construction of resilient communities in China,it is necessary to establish a quantitative evaluation system to evaluate it.This paper uses the analytic hierarchy process and Delphi method to establish a community resilience evaluation system from the perspectives of community material space level,community management level and individual level.Then three communities in Hefei City,Anhui Province are selected for practical application of the system,and corresponding optimization and transformation strategies are proposed.The results show that:(1)The resilience of community stormwater management is closely related to the integrated environment of the community,the allocation of flood control facilities and the daily disaster prevention and mitigation management;(2)The ability of disaster prevention and mitigation and the awareness of public participation of the residents in all communities are relatively weak,and the communities invest less in the popularization of stormwater management wisdom;and(3)Resilient communities should not only pay attention to the construction of non-engineering disaster prevention measures,but also to the application of small-scale green infrastructure oriented toward stormwater management.展开更多
【目的】为缩小单一赋权方法结果差异性,解决评价过程专家规避后悔心理造成评价结果失真的问题,采用博弈论和后悔理论评价城市洪涝灾害韧性。【方法】从城市洪涝灾害韧性属性和韧性维度2个方面构建22个评价指标;运用博弈论集合OWA(Order...【目的】为缩小单一赋权方法结果差异性,解决评价过程专家规避后悔心理造成评价结果失真的问题,采用博弈论和后悔理论评价城市洪涝灾害韧性。【方法】从城市洪涝灾害韧性属性和韧性维度2个方面构建22个评价指标;运用博弈论集合OWA(Ordered Weighted Average operator)算子和改进CRITIC(Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation)法,充分考虑主客观因素对权重的作用,得到指标综合权重;引入有限理性的后悔理论,通过构建效用值、后悔-欣喜值、感知效用值矩阵评价西安市主城区洪涝灾害韧性等级,并将评价结果与模糊层次分析法、OWA算子和后悔理论法,改进CRITIC和后悔理论法、后悔理论4种方法的结果进行对比,验证所采用方法的可靠性和有效性。【结果】结果表明:西安市主城区洪涝灾害韧性评价值为4.62,韧性等级为Ⅲ级,属于中等韧性。其中灞桥区为Ⅳ级,新城区和未央区为Ⅲ级,碑林区、莲湖区和雁塔区为Ⅱ级,呈现东北区域韧性强于西南区域的特点。【结论】根据博弈论赋权结果可知:透水面积占比、汛期单日最大降雨量、互联网覆盖率、排水管网密度、主城区道路易积水点数量和植被覆盖率6个指标是影响西安市主城区洪涝灾害韧性的主要指标,为城市洪涝灾害韧性管理提供参考。展开更多
To prevent flood disasters, policymakers call for resilient cities which are better able to cope with flood hazards. However, actual adoption of resilience measures in urban planning is still limited, partly because i...To prevent flood disasters, policymakers call for resilient cities which are better able to cope with flood hazards. However, actual adoption of resilience measures in urban planning is still limited, partly because it is not sufficiently clear how and to what extent resilience should and can be enhanced. To develop resilience strategies, information on the current resilience and on the effects of measures should be available. Since cities are complex systems, an assessment of resilience requires the input of different actors. To obtain and combine this input, a comprehensive approach which brings together many actors is required. Furthermore, resilience must be integrated in planning frameworks in order to enhance adoption by city policy makers. Tools which support and structure the contribution of different disciplines and actors will help to obtain information on the current resilience and to develop a shared vision on measures to enhance urban resilience. We illustrate our view with an example on Cork, Ireland.展开更多
Floods and earthquakes are the most common natural disasters,causing significant damage and casualties in urban communities.Although academic research has focused on assessing cities'ability to withstand these nat...Floods and earthquakes are the most common natural disasters,causing significant damage and casualties in urban communities.Although academic research has focused on assessing cities'ability to withstand these natural disasters,there is a lack of established frameworks for evaluating resilience against multiple hazards.This research integrates the earthquake and flood resilience indicators to create a comprehensive resilience assess-ment framework.This study integrated seismic and flood resilience indicators and categorized them into 27 clusters.It also used the DEMATEL(Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory)method to determine the significance of clusters and prioritize them.This research identified 13 cause clusters and 14 effect clusters of indicators for seismic and flood resilience.The‘response capacity'cluster has the most impact on seismic and flood resilience,while the‘transportation and accessibility'cluster is the most affected cluster.This article presents a framework for evaluating flood and seismic resilience and makes suggestions for future research.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41601581)The Science Technology Plan Project for Construction Industry of Anhui Province(2011YF-32).
文摘In the context of disaster normalization,the concept of“resilience”has been gradually introduced into the field of disaster prevention and mitigation in urban communities.In order to resist the increasingly frequent disasters caused by extreme weather,it is necessary to shift the focus of building resilient urban communities to the level of stormwater management.Community resilience is a disaster prevention and mitigation capability based on community resources.In order to solve the deficiency of storm and flood management in the current construction of resilient communities in China,it is necessary to establish a quantitative evaluation system to evaluate it.This paper uses the analytic hierarchy process and Delphi method to establish a community resilience evaluation system from the perspectives of community material space level,community management level and individual level.Then three communities in Hefei City,Anhui Province are selected for practical application of the system,and corresponding optimization and transformation strategies are proposed.The results show that:(1)The resilience of community stormwater management is closely related to the integrated environment of the community,the allocation of flood control facilities and the daily disaster prevention and mitigation management;(2)The ability of disaster prevention and mitigation and the awareness of public participation of the residents in all communities are relatively weak,and the communities invest less in the popularization of stormwater management wisdom;and(3)Resilient communities should not only pay attention to the construction of non-engineering disaster prevention measures,but also to the application of small-scale green infrastructure oriented toward stormwater management.
文摘【目的】为缩小单一赋权方法结果差异性,解决评价过程专家规避后悔心理造成评价结果失真的问题,采用博弈论和后悔理论评价城市洪涝灾害韧性。【方法】从城市洪涝灾害韧性属性和韧性维度2个方面构建22个评价指标;运用博弈论集合OWA(Ordered Weighted Average operator)算子和改进CRITIC(Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation)法,充分考虑主客观因素对权重的作用,得到指标综合权重;引入有限理性的后悔理论,通过构建效用值、后悔-欣喜值、感知效用值矩阵评价西安市主城区洪涝灾害韧性等级,并将评价结果与模糊层次分析法、OWA算子和后悔理论法,改进CRITIC和后悔理论法、后悔理论4种方法的结果进行对比,验证所采用方法的可靠性和有效性。【结果】结果表明:西安市主城区洪涝灾害韧性评价值为4.62,韧性等级为Ⅲ级,属于中等韧性。其中灞桥区为Ⅳ级,新城区和未央区为Ⅲ级,碑林区、莲湖区和雁塔区为Ⅱ级,呈现东北区域韧性强于西南区域的特点。【结论】根据博弈论赋权结果可知:透水面积占比、汛期单日最大降雨量、互联网覆盖率、排水管网密度、主城区道路易积水点数量和植被覆盖率6个指标是影响西安市主城区洪涝灾害韧性的主要指标,为城市洪涝灾害韧性管理提供参考。
文摘To prevent flood disasters, policymakers call for resilient cities which are better able to cope with flood hazards. However, actual adoption of resilience measures in urban planning is still limited, partly because it is not sufficiently clear how and to what extent resilience should and can be enhanced. To develop resilience strategies, information on the current resilience and on the effects of measures should be available. Since cities are complex systems, an assessment of resilience requires the input of different actors. To obtain and combine this input, a comprehensive approach which brings together many actors is required. Furthermore, resilience must be integrated in planning frameworks in order to enhance adoption by city policy makers. Tools which support and structure the contribution of different disciplines and actors will help to obtain information on the current resilience and to develop a shared vision on measures to enhance urban resilience. We illustrate our view with an example on Cork, Ireland.
文摘Floods and earthquakes are the most common natural disasters,causing significant damage and casualties in urban communities.Although academic research has focused on assessing cities'ability to withstand these natural disasters,there is a lack of established frameworks for evaluating resilience against multiple hazards.This research integrates the earthquake and flood resilience indicators to create a comprehensive resilience assess-ment framework.This study integrated seismic and flood resilience indicators and categorized them into 27 clusters.It also used the DEMATEL(Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory)method to determine the significance of clusters and prioritize them.This research identified 13 cause clusters and 14 effect clusters of indicators for seismic and flood resilience.The‘response capacity'cluster has the most impact on seismic and flood resilience,while the‘transportation and accessibility'cluster is the most affected cluster.This article presents a framework for evaluating flood and seismic resilience and makes suggestions for future research.
