The Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation ((1310 ± 20 ) Ma - (l 207 ± 10) Ma) in Jixian, Tianjin represents a succession of 3 300 meter thick carbonate strata where are the best developed stromatolite biostrom...The Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation ((1310 ± 20 ) Ma - (l 207 ± 10) Ma) in Jixian, Tianjin represents a succession of 3 300 meter thick carbonate strata where are the best developed stromatolite biostromes and thrombolite bioherms. These biostromes and bioherms, together with tidal-flat dolomites and muddy dolostones, form Wumishan cyclothems with approximately symmetrical faciessuccession fabrics, which belong to carbonate meter-scale cyclic sequences of peritidal type. These cyclothems are overlain by lagoon dolomitic mudstones and shales and by frequently developed paleosol layers, indicating that the boundary of Wumishan cyclothems is marked by an instantaneously-exposed punctuated surface. Viewed form the regularly vertical stacking patterns of Wumishan cyclothems in long-term sequences, 26 third-order sequences may be discerned in Wumishan Formation. These thirdorder sequences may also be incorporated into six second-order sequences. In order to study the variation range of third-order sea-level changes and the formation period of third-order sequence, 626 cyclothems are discerned in the middle and upper parts of Wumishan Formation where the outcrops are well developed. In terms of the total thickness and the formation period of Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation, the crust subsidence rate in the sedimentary period of Wumishan Formation is supposed to be 3 meters at each interval of 100 thousands years. Based on this assumption, Fischer plot might be designed to simulate the third-order sea-level changing pattern.展开更多
The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) depends on tumor extension as well as hepatic function.Hepatic functional reserve is recognized as a factor affecting survival in the treatment of HCC;the ChildPugh class...The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) depends on tumor extension as well as hepatic function.Hepatic functional reserve is recognized as a factor affecting survival in the treatment of HCC;the ChildPugh classif ication system is the most extensively used method for assessing hepatic functional reserve in patients with chronic liver disease,using serum albumin level to achieve accurate assessment of the status of protein metabolism.However,insuff icient attention has been given to the status of amino acid(AA) metabolism in chronic liver disease and HCC.Fischer's ratio is the molar ratio of branched-chain AAs(BCAAs:leucine,valine,isoleucine) to aromatic AAs(phenylalanine,tyrosine) and is important for assessing liver metabolism,hepatic functional reserve and the severity of liver dysfunction.Although this ratio is diff icult to determine in clinical situations,BCAAs/tyrosine molar concentration ratio(BTR) has been proposed as a simpler substitute.BTR correlates with various liver function examinations,including markers of hepatic f ibrosis,hepatic blood flow and hepatocyte function,and can thus be considered as reflecting the degree of hepatic impairment.This manuscript examines the literature to clarify whether BTR can serve as a prognostic factor for treatment of HCC.展开更多
The Earliest Triassic Yinkeng Formation is exposed at the well-known Meishan Section, South China, which contains the Global Stratotype of Section and Point （GSSP） for the Permian- Triassic boundary （PTB）. It reco...The Earliest Triassic Yinkeng Formation is exposed at the well-known Meishan Section, South China, which contains the Global Stratotype of Section and Point （GSSP） for the Permian- Triassic boundary （PTB）. It records centimeter-scale rhythmic alternations comprised mainly by marl- stone and limestone. Seven types of couplet embedded in five types of bundles were recognized based on occurrence and thickness of the lithologic units, suggesting that their formation was controlled by cyclic processes. The various orders of cycles observed correlate well with other Early Triassic counterparts recorded in South China. Here, we present new cyclostratigraphic results based on lithologic thickness and relative carbonate content of the Yinkeng Formation. Power spectra of carbonate content show that the ratio of major wavelengths recognized throughout the formation is similar to that of the 100 kyr short eccentricity, 33 kyr obliquity, and 21 kyr precession cycles, indicating that astronomical sig- nals are recorded in the Earliest Triassic rhythmic succession. Consistence between pronounced lithologic rhythmicity and sea-level changes obtained from Fischer plots indicates that high-frequency climatic cycles may have driven sea-level changes immediately after the PTB mass extinction. Fur- thermore, the 4th-order sea-level changes interpreted from the sedimentary record match well with 100 kyr short eccentricity component of carbonate content, reflecting that the 100 kyr short eccentricity- induced climate changes may have likely controlled the deposition of 4th-order sequences recognized from rhythmic successions.展开更多
Fischer indole cyclization of phenylhydrazine and various ketones using carboxyl-functionalized ionic liquid, 1-carboxymethyl- 3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate （abbreviated as [crnmim] [BF4]） as catalyst was su...Fischer indole cyclization of phenylhydrazine and various ketones using carboxyl-functionalized ionic liquid, 1-carboxymethyl- 3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate （abbreviated as [crnmim] [BF4]） as catalyst was successfully performed. The yields of the target compounds were 80-92%, the purities were 96-98%. The catalyst could be recovered and reused for at least six times without significant loss in activity.展开更多
High Fischer ratio oligopeptides(HFROs)are a group of oligopeptides containing high levels of branched-chain amino acids(BCAA)and low levels of aromatic amino acids(AAA).HFROs have received a lot of attention as they ...High Fischer ratio oligopeptides(HFROs)are a group of oligopeptides containing high levels of branched-chain amino acids(BCAA)and low levels of aromatic amino acids(AAA).HFROs have received a lot of attention as they are believed to have significant physiological activities,including antioxidant,liver damage repair,anti-fatigue,anti-tumor and energy supply to the body.HFROs are available from a wide range of sources and both plant and animal proteins can be used to prepare HFROs but the physiological tolerability and rejection of special populations needs to be considered.Enzymatic hydrolysis is the most common method for the preparation of HFROs,but optimization of the separation and purification process is still needed in the future.Diseases caused by disruptions in the balance of BCAA and AAA in the blood,such as hepatic encephalopathy,can be treated by supplementing HFROs with drugs or food.In addition,HFROs are able to reduce fatigue feedback and assist in the treatment of phenylketonuria at the molecular nutrient level.The aim of this review is to review recent research on HFROs and provide new perspectives on the high value use of crops and the development of novel functional and special medical purpose foods.展开更多
The oxygen-containing compounds in Fischer Tropsch synthetic oil greatly affect the downstream deep processing of hydrocarbons,and effective removal is required.Com-pared to traditional removal technologies such as hy...The oxygen-containing compounds in Fischer Tropsch synthetic oil greatly affect the downstream deep processing of hydrocarbons,and effective removal is required.Com-pared to traditional removal technologies such as hydrogenation deoxygenation,solvent extraction,and extraction distillation,adsorption deoxygenation technology has the advantages of low cost,mild operating conditions,easy removal and recovery,and mini-mal impact on oil quality.Therefore,adsorption deoxygenation technology has devel-oped rapidly in various removal processes and has become a research hotspot in the cur-rent Fischer Tropsch oil deoxygenation.Adsorbents are the core of adsorption deoxygen-ation technology.Therefore,this article briefly introduces the adsorption mechanism and summarizes the research progress of adsorbents widely used in recent years,such as silica gel,alumina,molecular sieves,and metal organic frameworks,in adsorbing oxygen-containing compounds in Fischer Tropsch synthetic oils.And provide reference sugges-tions for further adsorption and deoxygenation directions in the future.展开更多
Extensive neurodegeneration is a hallmark of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) that underlies permanent sensorimotor and autonomic impairments (Alizadeh et al.,2019).Following the primary impact,the spinal cord under...Extensive neurodegeneration is a hallmark of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) that underlies permanent sensorimotor and autonomic impairments (Alizadeh et al.,2019).Following the primary impact,the spinal cord undergoes a cascade of secondary injury mechanisms that are driven by disruption of the blood-spinal cord ba rrier,vascula r inju ry,glial reactivity,neu roinfla mmation,oxidative stress,lipid peroxidation,and glutamate excitotoxicity that culminate in neuronal and oligodendroglial cell death,demyelination,and axonal damage(Alizadeh et al.,2019).To achieve a meaningful functional recovery after SCI,regeneration of new neurons and oligodendrocytes and their successful growth and integration within the neural network are critical steps for reconstructing the damaged spinal cord tissue (Fischer et al.,2020).展开更多
To investigate the plasma amino acid response and tolerance to normal or high protein meals in patients with cirrhosis. METHODSThe plasma amino acid response to a 20 g mixed protein meal was compared in 8 biopsy-prove...To investigate the plasma amino acid response and tolerance to normal or high protein meals in patients with cirrhosis. METHODSThe plasma amino acid response to a 20 g mixed protein meal was compared in 8 biopsy-proven compensated cirrhotic patients and 6 healthy subjects. In addition the response to a high protein meal (1 g/kg body weight) was studied in 6 decompensated biopsy-proven cirrhotics in order to evaluate their protein tolerance and the likelihood of developing hepatic encephalopathy (HE) following a porto-caval shunt procedure. To test for covert HE, the “number connection test” (NCT) was done on all patients, and an electroencephalogram was recorded in patients considered to be at Child-Pugh C stage. RESULTSThe changes in plasma amino acids after a 20 g protein meal were similar in healthy subjects and in cirrhotics except for a significantly greater increase (P < 0.05) in isoleucine, leucine and tyrosine concentrations in the cirrhotics. The baseline branched chain amino acids/aromatic amino acids (BCAA/AAA) ratio was higher in the healthy persons and remained stable-but it decreased significantly after the meal in the cirrhotic group. After the high protein meal there was a marked increase in the levels of most amino acids, but only small changes occurred in the levels of taurine, citrulline, cysteine and histidine.The BCAA/AAA ratio was significantly higher 180 and 240 min after the meal. Slightly elevated basal plasma ammonia levels showed no particular pattern. Overt HE was not observed in any patients. CONCLUSIONPatients with stable liver disease tolerate natural mixed meals with a standard protein content. The response to a high protein meal in decompensated cirrhotics suggests accumulation of some amino acids but it did not precipitate HE. These results support current nutritional guidelines that recommend a protein intake of 1.2-1.5 g/kg body weight/day for patients with cirrhosis.展开更多
Dear Editor, N6-methyladenosine(m6A)is an abundant epitranscriptomic modification that regulates messenger RNA(mRNA)biology.The m6A modification regulates mRNA splicing,transport,stability,and translation through coor...Dear Editor, N6-methyladenosine(m6A)is an abundant epitranscriptomic modification that regulates messenger RNA(mRNA)biology.The m6A modification regulates mRNA splicing,transport,stability,and translation through coordinated activities by methyltransferases(writers),binding proteins(readers),and demethylases(erasers)(Huang et al.,2020;Wu et al.,2020).Among m6A regulators,fat mass of obesity-associ-ated protein(FTO),is the first discovered eraser with RNA m6A demethylation activity(Jia et al.,2011).Since then,FTO has been reported to play m6A-dependent roles in a variety of physiological processes including adipogenesis,neuro-genesis and tumorigenesis(Fischer et al.,2009;Li et al.,2017;Huang et al.,2020).Consequently,FTO deficiency in mice leads to dramatic phenotypes,such as decreased fat mass and impaired brain development(Fischer et al.,2009;Li et al.,2017).Similarly,inhibition of FTO reduces tumori-genesis in multiple types of cancer models,while FTO is highly expressed in many cancers(Huang et al.,2020).展开更多
基金the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China (No. 49802012) and also by the Ministry of Science and Technology (SSER).
文摘The Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation ((1310 ± 20 ) Ma - (l 207 ± 10) Ma) in Jixian, Tianjin represents a succession of 3 300 meter thick carbonate strata where are the best developed stromatolite biostromes and thrombolite bioherms. These biostromes and bioherms, together with tidal-flat dolomites and muddy dolostones, form Wumishan cyclothems with approximately symmetrical faciessuccession fabrics, which belong to carbonate meter-scale cyclic sequences of peritidal type. These cyclothems are overlain by lagoon dolomitic mudstones and shales and by frequently developed paleosol layers, indicating that the boundary of Wumishan cyclothems is marked by an instantaneously-exposed punctuated surface. Viewed form the regularly vertical stacking patterns of Wumishan cyclothems in long-term sequences, 26 third-order sequences may be discerned in Wumishan Formation. These thirdorder sequences may also be incorporated into six second-order sequences. In order to study the variation range of third-order sea-level changes and the formation period of third-order sequence, 626 cyclothems are discerned in the middle and upper parts of Wumishan Formation where the outcrops are well developed. In terms of the total thickness and the formation period of Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation, the crust subsidence rate in the sedimentary period of Wumishan Formation is supposed to be 3 meters at each interval of 100 thousands years. Based on this assumption, Fischer plot might be designed to simulate the third-order sea-level changing pattern.
文摘The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) depends on tumor extension as well as hepatic function.Hepatic functional reserve is recognized as a factor affecting survival in the treatment of HCC;the ChildPugh classif ication system is the most extensively used method for assessing hepatic functional reserve in patients with chronic liver disease,using serum albumin level to achieve accurate assessment of the status of protein metabolism.However,insuff icient attention has been given to the status of amino acid(AA) metabolism in chronic liver disease and HCC.Fischer's ratio is the molar ratio of branched-chain AAs(BCAAs:leucine,valine,isoleucine) to aromatic AAs(phenylalanine,tyrosine) and is important for assessing liver metabolism,hepatic functional reserve and the severity of liver dysfunction.Although this ratio is diff icult to determine in clinical situations,BCAAs/tyrosine molar concentration ratio(BTR) has been proposed as a simpler substitute.BTR correlates with various liver function examinations,including markers of hepatic f ibrosis,hepatic blood flow and hepatocyte function,and can thus be considered as reflecting the degree of hepatic impairment.This manuscript examines the literature to clarify whether BTR can serve as a prognostic factor for treatment of HCC.
基金supported by the National Program on Key Basic Research Project(No.2012CB822000)the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41302113)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2013M531765)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Re-sources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum,Bei-jing(No.PRP/open-1301)the Project of Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education,China University of Geosciences(No.TPR-2012-06)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.14CX02034A)
文摘The Earliest Triassic Yinkeng Formation is exposed at the well-known Meishan Section, South China, which contains the Global Stratotype of Section and Point （GSSP） for the Permian- Triassic boundary （PTB）. It records centimeter-scale rhythmic alternations comprised mainly by marl- stone and limestone. Seven types of couplet embedded in five types of bundles were recognized based on occurrence and thickness of the lithologic units, suggesting that their formation was controlled by cyclic processes. The various orders of cycles observed correlate well with other Early Triassic counterparts recorded in South China. Here, we present new cyclostratigraphic results based on lithologic thickness and relative carbonate content of the Yinkeng Formation. Power spectra of carbonate content show that the ratio of major wavelengths recognized throughout the formation is similar to that of the 100 kyr short eccentricity, 33 kyr obliquity, and 21 kyr precession cycles, indicating that astronomical sig- nals are recorded in the Earliest Triassic rhythmic succession. Consistence between pronounced lithologic rhythmicity and sea-level changes obtained from Fischer plots indicates that high-frequency climatic cycles may have driven sea-level changes immediately after the PTB mass extinction. Fur- thermore, the 4th-order sea-level changes interpreted from the sedimentary record match well with 100 kyr short eccentricity component of carbonate content, reflecting that the 100 kyr short eccentricity- induced climate changes may have likely controlled the deposition of 4th-order sequences recognized from rhythmic successions.
基金the Key Project of Shanghai Educational Committee(No.06ZZ82)
文摘Fischer indole cyclization of phenylhydrazine and various ketones using carboxyl-functionalized ionic liquid, 1-carboxymethyl- 3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate （abbreviated as [crnmim] [BF4]） as catalyst was successfully performed. The yields of the target compounds were 80-92%, the purities were 96-98%. The catalyst could be recovered and reused for at least six times without significant loss in activity.
基金the Zhongyuan Scholars in Henan Province(192101510004)Major Science and Technology Projects for Public Welfare of Henan Province(201300110300)+2 种基金Key Technology ResearchDevelopment and Demonstration Applications for Integrated Development of the Whole Wheat Industry Chain(221100110700)Central Government Guides Local Funds for Science and Technology Development(Z20221341069).
文摘High Fischer ratio oligopeptides(HFROs)are a group of oligopeptides containing high levels of branched-chain amino acids(BCAA)and low levels of aromatic amino acids(AAA).HFROs have received a lot of attention as they are believed to have significant physiological activities,including antioxidant,liver damage repair,anti-fatigue,anti-tumor and energy supply to the body.HFROs are available from a wide range of sources and both plant and animal proteins can be used to prepare HFROs but the physiological tolerability and rejection of special populations needs to be considered.Enzymatic hydrolysis is the most common method for the preparation of HFROs,but optimization of the separation and purification process is still needed in the future.Diseases caused by disruptions in the balance of BCAA and AAA in the blood,such as hepatic encephalopathy,can be treated by supplementing HFROs with drugs or food.In addition,HFROs are able to reduce fatigue feedback and assist in the treatment of phenylketonuria at the molecular nutrient level.The aim of this review is to review recent research on HFROs and provide new perspectives on the high value use of crops and the development of novel functional and special medical purpose foods.
文摘The oxygen-containing compounds in Fischer Tropsch synthetic oil greatly affect the downstream deep processing of hydrocarbons,and effective removal is required.Com-pared to traditional removal technologies such as hydrogenation deoxygenation,solvent extraction,and extraction distillation,adsorption deoxygenation technology has the advantages of low cost,mild operating conditions,easy removal and recovery,and mini-mal impact on oil quality.Therefore,adsorption deoxygenation technology has devel-oped rapidly in various removal processes and has become a research hotspot in the cur-rent Fischer Tropsch oil deoxygenation.Adsorbents are the core of adsorption deoxygen-ation technology.Therefore,this article briefly introduces the adsorption mechanism and summarizes the research progress of adsorbents widely used in recent years,such as silica gel,alumina,molecular sieves,and metal organic frameworks,in adsorbing oxygen-containing compounds in Fischer Tropsch synthetic oils.And provide reference sugges-tions for further adsorption and deoxygenation directions in the future.
基金funding support from the Canadian Institutes of Health Researchsupported by a Doctoral Studentship from the Wings for Life Foundation。
文摘Extensive neurodegeneration is a hallmark of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) that underlies permanent sensorimotor and autonomic impairments (Alizadeh et al.,2019).Following the primary impact,the spinal cord undergoes a cascade of secondary injury mechanisms that are driven by disruption of the blood-spinal cord ba rrier,vascula r inju ry,glial reactivity,neu roinfla mmation,oxidative stress,lipid peroxidation,and glutamate excitotoxicity that culminate in neuronal and oligodendroglial cell death,demyelination,and axonal damage(Alizadeh et al.,2019).To achieve a meaningful functional recovery after SCI,regeneration of new neurons and oligodendrocytes and their successful growth and integration within the neural network are critical steps for reconstructing the damaged spinal cord tissue (Fischer et al.,2020).
基金supported by a scholarship from DGAPA,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
文摘To investigate the plasma amino acid response and tolerance to normal or high protein meals in patients with cirrhosis. METHODSThe plasma amino acid response to a 20 g mixed protein meal was compared in 8 biopsy-proven compensated cirrhotic patients and 6 healthy subjects. In addition the response to a high protein meal (1 g/kg body weight) was studied in 6 decompensated biopsy-proven cirrhotics in order to evaluate their protein tolerance and the likelihood of developing hepatic encephalopathy (HE) following a porto-caval shunt procedure. To test for covert HE, the “number connection test” (NCT) was done on all patients, and an electroencephalogram was recorded in patients considered to be at Child-Pugh C stage. RESULTSThe changes in plasma amino acids after a 20 g protein meal were similar in healthy subjects and in cirrhotics except for a significantly greater increase (P < 0.05) in isoleucine, leucine and tyrosine concentrations in the cirrhotics. The baseline branched chain amino acids/aromatic amino acids (BCAA/AAA) ratio was higher in the healthy persons and remained stable-but it decreased significantly after the meal in the cirrhotic group. After the high protein meal there was a marked increase in the levels of most amino acids, but only small changes occurred in the levels of taurine, citrulline, cysteine and histidine.The BCAA/AAA ratio was significantly higher 180 and 240 min after the meal. Slightly elevated basal plasma ammonia levels showed no particular pattern. Overt HE was not observed in any patients. CONCLUSIONPatients with stable liver disease tolerate natural mixed meals with a standard protein content. The response to a high protein meal in decompensated cirrhotics suggests accumulation of some amino acids but it did not precipitate HE. These results support current nutritional guidelines that recommend a protein intake of 1.2-1.5 g/kg body weight/day for patients with cirrhosis.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0110100)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA16010000)+6 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31900524,31970597,81921006,81625009,91749202,81861168034,91949209,92049304,82125011,81822018,92049116,82071588,82122024,32100937,92149301,and 92168201)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC2000100,2020YFA0804000,2017YFA0103300,2017YFA0102800,2018YFA0107200,2019YFA0110900,2020YFA0112200,2020YFA0803401,and 2019YFA0802202)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z190019)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFZD-SW-221)the 14th Five-year Network Security and Informatization Plan of Chinese Academy of Sciences(WX145XQ07-18)K.C.Wong Education Foundation(GJTD-2019-06,GJTD-2019-08)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(E1CAZW0401)。
文摘Dear Editor, N6-methyladenosine(m6A)is an abundant epitranscriptomic modification that regulates messenger RNA(mRNA)biology.The m6A modification regulates mRNA splicing,transport,stability,and translation through coordinated activities by methyltransferases(writers),binding proteins(readers),and demethylases(erasers)(Huang et al.,2020;Wu et al.,2020).Among m6A regulators,fat mass of obesity-associ-ated protein(FTO),is the first discovered eraser with RNA m6A demethylation activity(Jia et al.,2011).Since then,FTO has been reported to play m6A-dependent roles in a variety of physiological processes including adipogenesis,neuro-genesis and tumorigenesis(Fischer et al.,2009;Li et al.,2017;Huang et al.,2020).Consequently,FTO deficiency in mice leads to dramatic phenotypes,such as decreased fat mass and impaired brain development(Fischer et al.,2009;Li et al.,2017).Similarly,inhibition of FTO reduces tumori-genesis in multiple types of cancer models,while FTO is highly expressed in many cancers(Huang et al.,2020).
