It’s very necessary to study the translation of figurative expressions from English into Chinese since two languages differ a lot in lexical,syntactic and cultural aspects.In terms of translation approaches there are...It’s very necessary to study the translation of figurative expressions from English into Chinese since two languages differ a lot in lexical,syntactic and cultural aspects.In terms of translation approaches there are three ones largely used depending on different situations: literal translation from English into Chinese,translation from figurative expressions into figurative ones and translation from figurative expressions into nonfigurative ones.展开更多
Dear Editor, Successful sexual reproduction in plants requires exten- sive communication between male and female gametophytes, their gametes, and with the surrounding sporophytic tissues （Dresselhaus and Franklin-Ton...Dear Editor, Successful sexual reproduction in plants requires exten- sive communication between male and female gametophytes, their gametes, and with the surrounding sporophytic tissues （Dresselhaus and Franklin-Tong 2013）. Over the past two decades, many peptides including small cysteine-rich peptides （C.RPs） and non-CRPs were found to play key roles in plant reproduction, mainly acting as signaling cues in this male- female communication （Marshall et al.2011）.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Previous researches suggested that expression level of calbindin D28K mRNA decreased in substantia nigra （SN） of model rats with Parkinson disease （PD）, and this might be related to the decrease of an...BACKGROUND： Previous researches suggested that expression level of calbindin D28K mRNA decreased in substantia nigra （SN） of model rats with Parkinson disease （PD）, and this might be related to the decrease of anti-degeneration potentials of dopaminergic neurons. OBJECTIVE： To observe expression changes of calbindin D28K in SN dopaminergic neurons during their degeneration and death in midbrain of PD model rats. DESIGN： Completely randomized grouping design SETTING： Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical College MATERIALS＂ A total of 92 healthy male SD rats, with the age of 3 months, weighing 200-250 g, were selected from Experimental Animal Center of Xuzhou Medical College [certification： SCXK （su） 2003-0003]. Calbindin D28K（CB）, tyroxine hydroxylase （TH）, ABC kit, 6-hydroxydopamine （6-OHDA） and Nissl dyes were provided by Sigma Company, and sheep serum was provided by Beijing Zhongshan Company. METHODS： The experiment was carried out in the Neurobiological Center of Xuzhou Medical College from October 2003 to October 2004. ① With lot method, rats were divided into blank control group （n=28）, experimental control group （n=-28） and experimental group （n=36）. Rats in experimental group were injected with 6-OHDA at right corpus striatum for PD modeling; rats in experimental control group were injected with saline at the same site; rats in blank control group did not give any injections.② On the 7^th, 14^th, 21^st and 28^th days, SN segments on right midbrain from every 5 rats in experimental group were fixed, embedded with paraffin and cut into successively coronary pieces. Rats in other two groups were treated with the same methods and then stained with Nissl to show neuronal form. Meanwhile, CB and TH antibodies staining with immunohistochemistry were used to show CB containing dopaminergic neurons and dopaminergic neurons, and cells were calculated and observed under optic microscope. ③ On the 14^th and 28^th days, every 4 rats in experimental group and展开更多
文摘It’s very necessary to study the translation of figurative expressions from English into Chinese since two languages differ a lot in lexical,syntactic and cultural aspects.In terms of translation approaches there are three ones largely used depending on different situations: literal translation from English into Chinese,translation from figurative expressions into figurative ones and translation from figurative expressions into nonfigurative ones.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (31370344 and 31230006 to L.J.Q.)National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB915402 and 2012CB944800)the German Research Council (DFG Research Center SFB924 to T.D)
文摘Dear Editor, Successful sexual reproduction in plants requires exten- sive communication between male and female gametophytes, their gametes, and with the surrounding sporophytic tissues （Dresselhaus and Franklin-Tong 2013）. Over the past two decades, many peptides including small cysteine-rich peptides （C.RPs） and non-CRPs were found to play key roles in plant reproduction, mainly acting as signaling cues in this male- female communication （Marshall et al.2011）.
基金Scientific and Technological Project of State Ministry of Education, No. 204055 the Natural Science Foundation of Educational Bureau of Jiangsu Province, No. 02KJB310009
文摘BACKGROUND： Previous researches suggested that expression level of calbindin D28K mRNA decreased in substantia nigra （SN） of model rats with Parkinson disease （PD）, and this might be related to the decrease of anti-degeneration potentials of dopaminergic neurons. OBJECTIVE： To observe expression changes of calbindin D28K in SN dopaminergic neurons during their degeneration and death in midbrain of PD model rats. DESIGN： Completely randomized grouping design SETTING： Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical College MATERIALS＂ A total of 92 healthy male SD rats, with the age of 3 months, weighing 200-250 g, were selected from Experimental Animal Center of Xuzhou Medical College [certification： SCXK （su） 2003-0003]. Calbindin D28K（CB）, tyroxine hydroxylase （TH）, ABC kit, 6-hydroxydopamine （6-OHDA） and Nissl dyes were provided by Sigma Company, and sheep serum was provided by Beijing Zhongshan Company. METHODS： The experiment was carried out in the Neurobiological Center of Xuzhou Medical College from October 2003 to October 2004. ① With lot method, rats were divided into blank control group （n=28）, experimental control group （n=-28） and experimental group （n=36）. Rats in experimental group were injected with 6-OHDA at right corpus striatum for PD modeling; rats in experimental control group were injected with saline at the same site; rats in blank control group did not give any injections.② On the 7^th, 14^th, 21^st and 28^th days, SN segments on right midbrain from every 5 rats in experimental group were fixed, embedded with paraffin and cut into successively coronary pieces. Rats in other two groups were treated with the same methods and then stained with Nissl to show neuronal form. Meanwhile, CB and TH antibodies staining with immunohistochemistry were used to show CB containing dopaminergic neurons and dopaminergic neurons, and cells were calculated and observed under optic microscope. ③ On the 14^th and 28^th days, every 4 rats in experimental group and
