Growth hormone releasing peptide (GHRP-2) is a synthetic hexapep-tide which specifically stimulates secretion of growth hormone (GH) by fetal pitu-itary somatotrophs through a new membrane receptor, which is different...Growth hormone releasing peptide (GHRP-2) is a synthetic hexapep-tide which specifically stimulates secretion of growth hormone (GH) by fetal pitu-itary somatotrophs through a new membrane receptor, which is different from growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SMS) receptors.We used cell cultures of human fetal pituitary somatotroph cells to investigate the effect of GHRH, GHRP-2 and somatostatin on GH secretion. The results showed that the mechanism of GHRH/SMS and GHRP-2 was different- This indicated that a different intracellular signal transduction system might also play a crucial role in the regulation of GH secretion.展开更多
The discovery that small size at birth and during infancy are associated with a higher risk of diabetes and related metabolic disease in later life has pointed to the importance of developmental factors in these condi...The discovery that small size at birth and during infancy are associated with a higher risk of diabetes and related metabolic disease in later life has pointed to the importance of developmental factors in these conditions. The birth size associations are thought to refl ect exposure to adverse environmental factors during early development but the mechanisms involved are still not fully understood. Animal and human work has pointed to the importance of changes in the setpoint of a number of key hormonal systems controlling growth and development. These include the IGF-1/GH axis, gonadal hormones and, in particular, the systems mediating the classical stress response. Several studies show that small size at birth is linked with increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathoadrenal system in adult life. More recent human studies have shown associations between specif ic adverse experiences during pregnancy, such as famine or the consumption of adverse diets, and enhanced stress responses many decades later. The mediators of these neuroendocrine responses are biologically potent and are likely to have a direct infl uence on the risk of metabolic disease. These neuroendocrine changes may also have an evolutionary basis being part of broader process, termed phenotypic plasticity, by which adverse environmental cues experienced during development modify the structure and physiology of the adult towards a phenotype adapted for adversity. The changes are clearly advantageous if they lead to a phenotype which is well-adapted for the adult environment, but may lead to disease if there is subsequent overnutrition or other unexpected environmental conditions.展开更多
文摘Growth hormone releasing peptide (GHRP-2) is a synthetic hexapep-tide which specifically stimulates secretion of growth hormone (GH) by fetal pitu-itary somatotrophs through a new membrane receptor, which is different from growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SMS) receptors.We used cell cultures of human fetal pituitary somatotroph cells to investigate the effect of GHRH, GHRP-2 and somatostatin on GH secretion. The results showed that the mechanism of GHRH/SMS and GHRP-2 was different- This indicated that a different intracellular signal transduction system might also play a crucial role in the regulation of GH secretion.
文摘The discovery that small size at birth and during infancy are associated with a higher risk of diabetes and related metabolic disease in later life has pointed to the importance of developmental factors in these conditions. The birth size associations are thought to refl ect exposure to adverse environmental factors during early development but the mechanisms involved are still not fully understood. Animal and human work has pointed to the importance of changes in the setpoint of a number of key hormonal systems controlling growth and development. These include the IGF-1/GH axis, gonadal hormones and, in particular, the systems mediating the classical stress response. Several studies show that small size at birth is linked with increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathoadrenal system in adult life. More recent human studies have shown associations between specif ic adverse experiences during pregnancy, such as famine or the consumption of adverse diets, and enhanced stress responses many decades later. The mediators of these neuroendocrine responses are biologically potent and are likely to have a direct infl uence on the risk of metabolic disease. These neuroendocrine changes may also have an evolutionary basis being part of broader process, termed phenotypic plasticity, by which adverse environmental cues experienced during development modify the structure and physiology of the adult towards a phenotype adapted for adversity. The changes are clearly advantageous if they lead to a phenotype which is well-adapted for the adult environment, but may lead to disease if there is subsequent overnutrition or other unexpected environmental conditions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(No.2019YFC1005203)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81771608&82120108011)+3 种基金Major Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission’s Scientific Research and Innovation Plan(No.2021-01-07-00-07-E00144)Outstanding Academic Leaders Program of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.18XD1405100)“Shuguang Program”supported by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.17SG36)the Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning。
