The clinical management of men with nonobstructive azoospermia （NOA） seeking fertility has been a challenge for andrologists, urologists, and reproductive medicine specialists alike. This review presents a personal ...The clinical management of men with nonobstructive azoospermia （NOA） seeking fertility has been a challenge for andrologists, urologists, and reproductive medicine specialists alike. This review presents a personal perspective on the clinical management of NOA, including the lessons learned over 15 years dealing with this male infertility condition. A five-consecutive-step algorithm is proposed to manage such patients. First, a differential diagnosis of azoospermia is made to confirm/establish that NOA is due to spermatogenic failure. Second, genetic testing is carried out not only to detect the males in whom NOA is caused by microdeletions of the long arm of the Y chromosome, but also to counsel the affected patients about their chances of having success in sperm retrieval. Third, it is determined whether any intervention prior to a surgical retrieval attempt may be used to increase sperm production. Fourth, the most effective and efficient retrieval method is selected to search for testicular sperm. Lastly, state-of-art laboratory techniques are applied in the handling of retrieved gametes and cultivating the embryos resulting from sperm injections. A coordinated multidisciplinary effort is key to offer the best possible chance of achieving a biological offspring to males with NOA.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) in the third trimester or early postpartum period can lead to fatal liver damage. Its traditional therapy is not very effective in facilitating hepatic recovery. The s...BACKGROUND: Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) in the third trimester or early postpartum period can lead to fatal liver damage. Its traditional therapy is not very effective in facilitating hepatic recovery. The safety and effect of plasma exchange (PE)in combination with continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT) (PE+CRRT) for AFLP still needs evaluation.METHODS: Five AFLP patients with hepatic encephalopathy and renal failure were subjected to PE+CRRT in our department from 2007 to 2012. Their symptoms, physical signs and results were observed, and all relevant laboratory tests were compared before and after PE+CRRT.RESULTS: All the 5 patients were well tolerated to the therapy. Four of them responded to the treatment and showed improvement in clinical symptoms/signs and laboratory results and they were cured and discharged home after the treatment One patient succeeded in bridging to transplantation for slowing down hepatic failure and its complications process after2 treatment sessions. Intensive care unit stay and hospital stay were 9.4 (range 5-18) and 25.0 days (range 11-42), respectively.CONCLUSION: PE+CRRT is safe and effective and should be used immediately at the onset of hepatic encephalopathy and/or renal failure in patients with AFLP.展开更多
We assessed the rates of sperm retrieval and intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes, including the neonatal profile of infants conceived, in men with testicular failure. Three-hundred and sixty-five men with testic...We assessed the rates of sperm retrieval and intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes, including the neonatal profile of infants conceived, in men with testicular failure. Three-hundred and sixty-five men with testicular failure who underwent micro-dissection testicular sperm extraction were included in this study. We compared their outcomes with 40 men with testicular failure who used donor sperm for injections due to failed retrieval, and 146 men with obstructive azoospermia who underwent percutaneous sperm retrieval. The retrieval rate in testicular failure was 41.4%, and the results were lower than the obstructed azoospermia （100%; adjusted odds ratio： 0.033; 95% Ch 0.007-0.164; P 〈 0.001）. Live birth rates after sperm injections were lower in men with testicular failure （19.9%） compared with donor sperm （37.5%; adjusted OR： 0.377 （95% Ch 0.233-0.609, P 〈 0.001）） and obstructive azoospermia （34.2%; adjusted OR： 0.403 （95% CI： 0.241-0.676, P= 0.001）. Newborn parameters of infants conceived were not significantly different among the groups. We concluded that the chances of obtaining sperm on retrieval and achieving a live birth after intracytoplasmic sperm injection （ICSI） are reduced in men with testicular failure. The profile of infants conceived after sperm injection does not seem to be negatively affected by testicular failure.展开更多
妊娠期间肾脏损伤风险至少增加2倍,妊娠期急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury in pregnancy,P-AKI)是一种高风险产科疾病,严重威胁母亲和胎儿的健康。尽管P-AKI在过去30年中发病率下降,我国仍有较高的发病率及致死率。P-AKI是妊娠期严重的...妊娠期间肾脏损伤风险至少增加2倍,妊娠期急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury in pregnancy,P-AKI)是一种高风险产科疾病,严重威胁母亲和胎儿的健康。尽管P-AKI在过去30年中发病率下降,我国仍有较高的发病率及致死率。P-AKI是妊娠期严重的并发症,有起病急、进展快、病情重的临床特点,常伴有呼吸、心血管及消化等系统的症状。P-AKI的相关疾病,如子痫前期、妊娠期急性脂肪肝、HELLP综合征和血栓性微血管病等临床表现相似,容易出现诊断困难。现总结近年来国内外文献,从P-AKI病理生理变化、不同地区发病率及诱因、诊断标准、P-AKI的相关疾病及预防治疗措施等进行分析,并对P-AKI的透析指征进一步分析,旨在提高大家对疾病的了解、预防和诊治,降低发病率、病死率及致残率,改善母婴结局。展开更多
目的分析人性化护理在妊娠合并HF产妇行剖宫产中的应用效果。方法选取我院产科2012年2月—2017年6月接诊的42例产妇作为研究对象,所有患者均应用人性化护理措施。结果行剖宫产后42例均顺利娩出胎儿,新生儿Apgar评分0~3分8例,4~7分28例,8...目的分析人性化护理在妊娠合并HF产妇行剖宫产中的应用效果。方法选取我院产科2012年2月—2017年6月接诊的42例产妇作为研究对象,所有患者均应用人性化护理措施。结果行剖宫产后42例均顺利娩出胎儿,新生儿Apgar评分0~3分8例,4~7分28例,8~10分6例,无1例新生儿死亡。42例HF产妇中发生产后出血5例,其中出血量为500~1 000 ml 3例,出血量≥1 000 ml 2例,经过处理后有效止血,无子宫切除或死亡产妇,新生儿与产妇存活率均为100%。产后出血5例,无死亡病例。结论人性化手术护理能促使HF产妇平稳渡过围术期。展开更多
文摘The clinical management of men with nonobstructive azoospermia （NOA） seeking fertility has been a challenge for andrologists, urologists, and reproductive medicine specialists alike. This review presents a personal perspective on the clinical management of NOA, including the lessons learned over 15 years dealing with this male infertility condition. A five-consecutive-step algorithm is proposed to manage such patients. First, a differential diagnosis of azoospermia is made to confirm/establish that NOA is due to spermatogenic failure. Second, genetic testing is carried out not only to detect the males in whom NOA is caused by microdeletions of the long arm of the Y chromosome, but also to counsel the affected patients about their chances of having success in sperm retrieval. Third, it is determined whether any intervention prior to a surgical retrieval attempt may be used to increase sperm production. Fourth, the most effective and efficient retrieval method is selected to search for testicular sperm. Lastly, state-of-art laboratory techniques are applied in the handling of retrieved gametes and cultivating the embryos resulting from sperm injections. A coordinated multidisciplinary effort is key to offer the best possible chance of achieving a biological offspring to males with NOA.
基金supported by grants from the National Scientific and Technological Major Project of China (2011ZX10004-901 and 2013ZX10004904)the National Science and Technology Major Project (2012ZX10002006)the Scientific Research Fundation of the Education Department,Zhejiang Province (N20120081)
文摘BACKGROUND: Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) in the third trimester or early postpartum period can lead to fatal liver damage. Its traditional therapy is not very effective in facilitating hepatic recovery. The safety and effect of plasma exchange (PE)in combination with continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT) (PE+CRRT) for AFLP still needs evaluation.METHODS: Five AFLP patients with hepatic encephalopathy and renal failure were subjected to PE+CRRT in our department from 2007 to 2012. Their symptoms, physical signs and results were observed, and all relevant laboratory tests were compared before and after PE+CRRT.RESULTS: All the 5 patients were well tolerated to the therapy. Four of them responded to the treatment and showed improvement in clinical symptoms/signs and laboratory results and they were cured and discharged home after the treatment One patient succeeded in bridging to transplantation for slowing down hepatic failure and its complications process after2 treatment sessions. Intensive care unit stay and hospital stay were 9.4 (range 5-18) and 25.0 days (range 11-42), respectively.CONCLUSION: PE+CRRT is safe and effective and should be used immediately at the onset of hepatic encephalopathy and/or renal failure in patients with AFLP.
文摘We assessed the rates of sperm retrieval and intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes, including the neonatal profile of infants conceived, in men with testicular failure. Three-hundred and sixty-five men with testicular failure who underwent micro-dissection testicular sperm extraction were included in this study. We compared their outcomes with 40 men with testicular failure who used donor sperm for injections due to failed retrieval, and 146 men with obstructive azoospermia who underwent percutaneous sperm retrieval. The retrieval rate in testicular failure was 41.4%, and the results were lower than the obstructed azoospermia （100%; adjusted odds ratio： 0.033; 95% Ch 0.007-0.164; P 〈 0.001）. Live birth rates after sperm injections were lower in men with testicular failure （19.9%） compared with donor sperm （37.5%; adjusted OR： 0.377 （95% Ch 0.233-0.609, P 〈 0.001）） and obstructive azoospermia （34.2%; adjusted OR： 0.403 （95% CI： 0.241-0.676, P= 0.001）. Newborn parameters of infants conceived were not significantly different among the groups. We concluded that the chances of obtaining sperm on retrieval and achieving a live birth after intracytoplasmic sperm injection （ICSI） are reduced in men with testicular failure. The profile of infants conceived after sperm injection does not seem to be negatively affected by testicular failure.
文摘妊娠期间肾脏损伤风险至少增加2倍,妊娠期急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury in pregnancy,P-AKI)是一种高风险产科疾病,严重威胁母亲和胎儿的健康。尽管P-AKI在过去30年中发病率下降,我国仍有较高的发病率及致死率。P-AKI是妊娠期严重的并发症,有起病急、进展快、病情重的临床特点,常伴有呼吸、心血管及消化等系统的症状。P-AKI的相关疾病,如子痫前期、妊娠期急性脂肪肝、HELLP综合征和血栓性微血管病等临床表现相似,容易出现诊断困难。现总结近年来国内外文献,从P-AKI病理生理变化、不同地区发病率及诱因、诊断标准、P-AKI的相关疾病及预防治疗措施等进行分析,并对P-AKI的透析指征进一步分析,旨在提高大家对疾病的了解、预防和诊治,降低发病率、病死率及致残率,改善母婴结局。
文摘目的分析人性化护理在妊娠合并HF产妇行剖宫产中的应用效果。方法选取我院产科2012年2月—2017年6月接诊的42例产妇作为研究对象,所有患者均应用人性化护理措施。结果行剖宫产后42例均顺利娩出胎儿,新生儿Apgar评分0~3分8例,4~7分28例,8~10分6例,无1例新生儿死亡。42例HF产妇中发生产后出血5例,其中出血量为500~1 000 ml 3例,出血量≥1 000 ml 2例,经过处理后有效止血,无子宫切除或死亡产妇,新生儿与产妇存活率均为100%。产后出血5例,无死亡病例。结论人性化手术护理能促使HF产妇平稳渡过围术期。
