本试验旨在测定2-3周龄天府肉鸭的净能(NE)需要量。选取7日龄天府肉鸭300只,其中50只随机分为自由采食组和15%、25%、35%、45%限饲组,进行代谢试验,测定不同饲喂水平下饲粮的表观代谢能(AME)。另外250只用于饲养试验和比较屠宰试验...本试验旨在测定2-3周龄天府肉鸭的净能(NE)需要量。选取7日龄天府肉鸭300只,其中50只随机分为自由采食组和15%、25%、35%、45%限饲组,进行代谢试验,测定不同饲喂水平下饲粮的表观代谢能(AME)。另外250只用于饲养试验和比较屠宰试验。试验开始前选取10只用于初始体成分的测定,其余240只随机分为5个组(同代谢试验)。14日龄时,从自由采食组选10只屠宰,测定试验中期试验鸭体成分;21日龄时,从每个组选10只屠宰,测定试验末期试验鸭体成分。根据自由采食组和限饲组饲粮的AME和试验鸭的生长性能、体成分,获得试验鸭在不同饲喂水平的产热量(HP)和代谢能摄入量(MEI),建立MEI和log10HP间的回归方程,外推到MEI为0时的HP即为维持净能需要量(NEm);根据自由采食组试验鸭在3个阶段的机体总能量(BE)和体重(BW),建立二者间的回归方程,方程的斜率为生长净能需要量(NEg)。结果如下:不同饲喂水平间,天府肉鸭的饲粮AME、平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)、料重比(F/G)、体脂肪、体蛋白、体能量、以脂肪形式沉积的能量(REf)、以蛋白质形式沉积的能量(REp)、MEI、沉积能(RE)和HP均存在显著差异(P〈0.05)。限饲组肉鸭的饲粮AM E、F/G、体蛋白和体水分显著高于自由采食组(P〈0.05),ADFI、ADG、体脂肪、体能量、REf、REp、MEI、RE和HP却显著低于自由采食组(P〈0.05)。2-3周龄天府肉鸭MEI和log10HP间的回归方程为:log10HP=2.76+0.000 1×MEI,BW与BE的回归方程为:BE=-768.87+10.71×BW。由此可见,2-3周龄天府肉鸭的NEm为577.03 k J/(kg BW0.75·d),NEg为10.71 k J/g,2-3周龄天府肉鸭NE需要量的析因模型为:NE=577.03BW0.75+10.71△W。展开更多
Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the factorial method for estimating energy needs in individuals living in China.Methods Sixteen healthy female adults aged 22.1±1.2 years with a body ...Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the factorial method for estimating energy needs in individuals living in China.Methods Sixteen healthy female adults aged 22.1±1.2 years with a body mass index (kg/m 2) of 20.4±1.7 were selected as subjects.In free-living conditions,energy expenditure (EE) was determined by using the factorial method.At the same time,the doubly labeled water method (DLW) was also used to measure energy expenditure of the subjects and served as the criterion method.EE predicted by the factorial method (EE factorial) was compared with the simultaneous measurement of EE by the validated DLW method (EE DLW).Results There was excellent agreement between EE factorial (7.46±0.59 MJ/d) and EE DLW (7.64 ± 0.49 MJ/d),with a difference of-2.6±4.9% (-0.18±0.36 MJ/d).No significant differences were found between the two methods.EE factorial was highly correlated with EE DLW (r=0.795,P0.001) and a good agreement for individuals was found by using the Bland and Altman test.Conclusion The factorial method gives satisfactory estimates of EE for both groups and individuals living in China.展开更多
铁氧体隔离器作为一种大量应用于5G通讯基站的通讯元器件,其可靠性关系到基站整机运行的持续性与稳定性,而隔离器的衰减片存在的焊接空洞问题可能导致隔离器在再流焊过程中发生失效,严重时导致基站电路板烧毁,因此管控及降低衰减片焊接...铁氧体隔离器作为一种大量应用于5G通讯基站的通讯元器件,其可靠性关系到基站整机运行的持续性与稳定性,而隔离器的衰减片存在的焊接空洞问题可能导致隔离器在再流焊过程中发生失效,严重时导致基站电路板烧毁,因此管控及降低衰减片焊接空洞率十分重要。首先对铁氧体隔离器的衰减片焊接空洞产生的机理进行分析,并通过实验设计(Design of Experiment,DOE)对点锡过程中可能导致焊接空洞问题的因素进行了析因分析及点锡工艺的优化。实验结果表明,通过控制点锡轨迹及点锡速度,能显著减少焊接空洞,并明显提升该焊接过程的制程能力,大幅提升了分布参数隔离器的可靠度,降低了隔离器经历再流焊后失效的风险。展开更多
文摘本试验旨在测定2-3周龄天府肉鸭的净能(NE)需要量。选取7日龄天府肉鸭300只,其中50只随机分为自由采食组和15%、25%、35%、45%限饲组,进行代谢试验,测定不同饲喂水平下饲粮的表观代谢能(AME)。另外250只用于饲养试验和比较屠宰试验。试验开始前选取10只用于初始体成分的测定,其余240只随机分为5个组(同代谢试验)。14日龄时,从自由采食组选10只屠宰,测定试验中期试验鸭体成分;21日龄时,从每个组选10只屠宰,测定试验末期试验鸭体成分。根据自由采食组和限饲组饲粮的AME和试验鸭的生长性能、体成分,获得试验鸭在不同饲喂水平的产热量(HP)和代谢能摄入量(MEI),建立MEI和log10HP间的回归方程,外推到MEI为0时的HP即为维持净能需要量(NEm);根据自由采食组试验鸭在3个阶段的机体总能量(BE)和体重(BW),建立二者间的回归方程,方程的斜率为生长净能需要量(NEg)。结果如下:不同饲喂水平间,天府肉鸭的饲粮AME、平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)、料重比(F/G)、体脂肪、体蛋白、体能量、以脂肪形式沉积的能量(REf)、以蛋白质形式沉积的能量(REp)、MEI、沉积能(RE)和HP均存在显著差异(P〈0.05)。限饲组肉鸭的饲粮AM E、F/G、体蛋白和体水分显著高于自由采食组(P〈0.05),ADFI、ADG、体脂肪、体能量、REf、REp、MEI、RE和HP却显著低于自由采食组(P〈0.05)。2-3周龄天府肉鸭MEI和log10HP间的回归方程为:log10HP=2.76+0.000 1×MEI,BW与BE的回归方程为:BE=-768.87+10.71×BW。由此可见,2-3周龄天府肉鸭的NEm为577.03 k J/(kg BW0.75·d),NEg为10.71 k J/g,2-3周龄天府肉鸭NE需要量的析因模型为:NE=577.03BW0.75+10.71△W。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30771811)the Scientific Research Foundation of Hebei Medical University for the Young Core Instructor (No. 30900143)
文摘Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the factorial method for estimating energy needs in individuals living in China.Methods Sixteen healthy female adults aged 22.1±1.2 years with a body mass index (kg/m 2) of 20.4±1.7 were selected as subjects.In free-living conditions,energy expenditure (EE) was determined by using the factorial method.At the same time,the doubly labeled water method (DLW) was also used to measure energy expenditure of the subjects and served as the criterion method.EE predicted by the factorial method (EE factorial) was compared with the simultaneous measurement of EE by the validated DLW method (EE DLW).Results There was excellent agreement between EE factorial (7.46±0.59 MJ/d) and EE DLW (7.64 ± 0.49 MJ/d),with a difference of-2.6±4.9% (-0.18±0.36 MJ/d).No significant differences were found between the two methods.EE factorial was highly correlated with EE DLW (r=0.795,P0.001) and a good agreement for individuals was found by using the Bland and Altman test.Conclusion The factorial method gives satisfactory estimates of EE for both groups and individuals living in China.
文摘铁氧体隔离器作为一种大量应用于5G通讯基站的通讯元器件,其可靠性关系到基站整机运行的持续性与稳定性,而隔离器的衰减片存在的焊接空洞问题可能导致隔离器在再流焊过程中发生失效,严重时导致基站电路板烧毁,因此管控及降低衰减片焊接空洞率十分重要。首先对铁氧体隔离器的衰减片焊接空洞产生的机理进行分析,并通过实验设计(Design of Experiment,DOE)对点锡过程中可能导致焊接空洞问题的因素进行了析因分析及点锡工艺的优化。实验结果表明,通过控制点锡轨迹及点锡速度,能显著减少焊接空洞,并明显提升该焊接过程的制程能力,大幅提升了分布参数隔离器的可靠度,降低了隔离器经历再流焊后失效的风险。