ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1(ERF1)is a key component in ethylene signaling,playing crucial roles in both biotic and abiotic stress responses.Here,we demonstrate that ERF1 also has an important role during floral initiati...ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1(ERF1)is a key component in ethylene signaling,playing crucial roles in both biotic and abiotic stress responses.Here,we demonstrate that ERF1 also has an important role during floral initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana.Knockdown or knockout of ERF1 accelerated floral initiation,whereas overexpression of ERF1 dramatically delayed floral transition.These contrasting phenotypes were correlated with opposite transcript levels of FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT).Chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP)assays revealed that ERF1 associates with genomic regions of the FT gene to repress its transcription.ft-10/ERF1RNAi plants showed a similar flowering phenotype to the ft-10 mutant,whereas the flowering of FTox/ERF1ox mimicked that of FTox plants,suggesting that ERF1 acts upstream of FT during floral initiation.Similarly,altered floral transition in ethylene-related mutants was also correlated with FT expression.Further analysis suggested that ERF1 also participates in delay in flowering-time control mediated by the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid.Thus,ERF1 may act as a negative modulator of flowering-time control by repressing FT transcription in Arabidopsis.展开更多
Previous studies have demonstrated that melatonin combined with exercise can alleviate secondary damage after spinal cord injury in rats. Therefore, it is hypothesized that melatonin combined with exercise can also al...Previous studies have demonstrated that melatonin combined with exercise can alleviate secondary damage after spinal cord injury in rats. Therefore, it is hypothesized that melatonin combined with exercise can also alleviate ischemic brain damage. In this study, adult rats were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion after receiving 10 mg/kg melatonin or vehicle subcutaneously twice daily for 14 days. Forced exercise using an animal treadmill was performed at 20 m/min for 30 minutes per day for 6 days prior to middle cerebral artery occlusion. After middle cerebral artery occlusion, each rat received melatonin combined with exercise, melatonin or exercise alone equally for 7 days until sacrifice. Interestingly, rats receiving melatonin combined with exercise exhibited more severe neurological deficits than those receiving melatonin or exercise alone. Hypoxia-inducible factor la mRNA in the brain tissue was upregulated in rats receiving melatonin combined with exercise. Similarly, microtubule associated protein-2 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in rats receiving melatonin alone. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 （NG2） mRNA expression was significantly decreased in rats receiving melatonin combined with exercise as well as in rats receiving exercise alone. Furthermore, neural cell loss in the primary motor cortex was significantly reduced in rats receiving melatonin or exercise alone, but the change was not observed in rats receiving melatonin combined with exercise. These findings suggest that excessive intervention with melatonin, exercise or their combination may lead to negative effects on ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain damage.展开更多
The Gametophyte factor1(Ga1) locus in maize confers unilateral cross-incompatibility(UCI), and it is controlled by both pollen and silk-specific determinants. Although the Ga1 locus has been reported for more than a c...The Gametophyte factor1(Ga1) locus in maize confers unilateral cross-incompatibility(UCI), and it is controlled by both pollen and silk-specific determinants. Although the Ga1 locus has been reported for more than a century and is widely utilized in maize breeding programs, only the pollen-specific ZmGa1P has been shown to function as a male determinant;thus, the genomic structure of the Ga1 locus and all the determinants that control UCI at this locus have not yet been fully characterized.Here, we used map-based cloning to confirm the determinants of UCI at the Ga1 locus and maize pan-genome sequence data to characterize the genomic structure of the Ga1 locus. The Ga1 locus comprises one silk-expressed pectin methylesterase gene(PME, ZmGa1F) and eight pollenexpressed PMEs(ZmGa1P and ZmGa1PL1-7).Knockout of ZmGa1F in Ga1/Ga1 lines leads to the complete loss of the female barrier function. The expression of individual ZmGa1PL genes in a ga1/ga1 background endows ga1 pollen with the ability to overcome the female barrier of the Ga1 locus. These findings, combined with genomic data and genetic analyses, indicate that the Ga1 locus is modulated by a single female determinant and multiple male determinants, which are tightly linked.The results of this study provide valuable insights into the genomic structure of the Ga2 and Tcb1 loci and will aid applications of these loci in maize breeding programs.展开更多
基金providing the ocfi7jD/e mutant acs7/2/4/5/6/7/9/11(CS16651),eto2(CS8059),cfr7-7(CS8057),sis1-1(CS3874),and ERFlox(CS6142 and CS6143)also thank Chengbin Xiang(University of Science and Technology of China)for providing ERF7-related materials+1 种基金This study was supported by the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(2019FA010 and 2019FB029)the Strategic Leading Science&Technology Programme(XDA24030301)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1(ERF1)is a key component in ethylene signaling,playing crucial roles in both biotic and abiotic stress responses.Here,we demonstrate that ERF1 also has an important role during floral initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana.Knockdown or knockout of ERF1 accelerated floral initiation,whereas overexpression of ERF1 dramatically delayed floral transition.These contrasting phenotypes were correlated with opposite transcript levels of FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT).Chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP)assays revealed that ERF1 associates with genomic regions of the FT gene to repress its transcription.ft-10/ERF1RNAi plants showed a similar flowering phenotype to the ft-10 mutant,whereas the flowering of FTox/ERF1ox mimicked that of FTox plants,suggesting that ERF1 acts upstream of FT during floral initiation.Similarly,altered floral transition in ethylene-related mutants was also correlated with FT expression.Further analysis suggested that ERF1 also participates in delay in flowering-time control mediated by the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid.Thus,ERF1 may act as a negative modulator of flowering-time control by repressing FT transcription in Arabidopsis.
基金funded by the KRIBB Research Initiative Program,No.KGM0321112 to Y.HongBioGreen 21 Program,No.20110301-061-542-03-00 to Y.Hong,Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea
文摘Previous studies have demonstrated that melatonin combined with exercise can alleviate secondary damage after spinal cord injury in rats. Therefore, it is hypothesized that melatonin combined with exercise can also alleviate ischemic brain damage. In this study, adult rats were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion after receiving 10 mg/kg melatonin or vehicle subcutaneously twice daily for 14 days. Forced exercise using an animal treadmill was performed at 20 m/min for 30 minutes per day for 6 days prior to middle cerebral artery occlusion. After middle cerebral artery occlusion, each rat received melatonin combined with exercise, melatonin or exercise alone equally for 7 days until sacrifice. Interestingly, rats receiving melatonin combined with exercise exhibited more severe neurological deficits than those receiving melatonin or exercise alone. Hypoxia-inducible factor la mRNA in the brain tissue was upregulated in rats receiving melatonin combined with exercise. Similarly, microtubule associated protein-2 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in rats receiving melatonin alone. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 （NG2） mRNA expression was significantly decreased in rats receiving melatonin combined with exercise as well as in rats receiving exercise alone. Furthermore, neural cell loss in the primary motor cortex was significantly reduced in rats receiving melatonin or exercise alone, but the change was not observed in rats receiving melatonin combined with exercise. These findings suggest that excessive intervention with melatonin, exercise or their combination may lead to negative effects on ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain damage.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFF1003500)grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32101725)。
文摘The Gametophyte factor1(Ga1) locus in maize confers unilateral cross-incompatibility(UCI), and it is controlled by both pollen and silk-specific determinants. Although the Ga1 locus has been reported for more than a century and is widely utilized in maize breeding programs, only the pollen-specific ZmGa1P has been shown to function as a male determinant;thus, the genomic structure of the Ga1 locus and all the determinants that control UCI at this locus have not yet been fully characterized.Here, we used map-based cloning to confirm the determinants of UCI at the Ga1 locus and maize pan-genome sequence data to characterize the genomic structure of the Ga1 locus. The Ga1 locus comprises one silk-expressed pectin methylesterase gene(PME, ZmGa1F) and eight pollenexpressed PMEs(ZmGa1P and ZmGa1PL1-7).Knockout of ZmGa1F in Ga1/Ga1 lines leads to the complete loss of the female barrier function. The expression of individual ZmGa1PL genes in a ga1/ga1 background endows ga1 pollen with the ability to overcome the female barrier of the Ga1 locus. These findings, combined with genomic data and genetic analyses, indicate that the Ga1 locus is modulated by a single female determinant and multiple male determinants, which are tightly linked.The results of this study provide valuable insights into the genomic structure of the Ga2 and Tcb1 loci and will aid applications of these loci in maize breeding programs.
