To the Editor:Fabry disease (FD)is a recessive X-linked hereditary disease.The onset age of the disease is in children and adolescents mostly.The average time from the onset of symptoms to the definite diagnosis needs...To the Editor:Fabry disease (FD)is a recessive X-linked hereditary disease.The onset age of the disease is in children and adolescents mostly.The average time from the onset of symptoms to the definite diagnosis needs 13.7 years in male patients and 16.3 years in female patients.FD happens rarely and it is easy to cause diagnosis and treatment delay.Here,we report a case of FD in a 27-year-old man who developed clinical symptoms with acute cerebral infarction onset to improve doctors' understanding of FD.展开更多
遗传性脑小血管病(hereditary cerebral small vessel disease,hCSVD)是一组由单基因突变导致的罕见脑小血管疾病。尽管不同类型hCSVD患者的发病年龄存在很大的变异,但青中年起病(≤45岁)的卒中具有重要临床提示价值。患者主要表现为认...遗传性脑小血管病(hereditary cerebral small vessel disease,hCSVD)是一组由单基因突变导致的罕见脑小血管疾病。尽管不同类型hCSVD患者的发病年龄存在很大的变异,但青中年起病(≤45岁)的卒中具有重要临床提示价值。患者主要表现为认知功能减退、肢体运动障碍、情感障碍等症候群,且多数类型伴随脑外器官的损害。影像学和病理检查显示多发腔隙性脑梗死、脑白质病变、脑微出血和血管周围间隙扩大。具有代表性的病种主要包括常染色体显性遗传脑动脉病伴皮质下梗死及白质脑病、常染色体隐性遗传脑动脉病伴皮质下梗死及白质脑病、HTRA1相关显性遗传性脑小血管病、胶原蛋白4A1/2相关脑小动脉病、视网膜血管病变伴白质脑病和系统性表现、显性遗传性脑淀粉样血管病和Fabry病等。近年来我国学者在这些疾病的诊疗中发现并总结了中国患者的临床特点和诊断流程,因此我们组织从事该类疾病诊治和研究的专家,以我国hCSVD相关研究为基础,参考国外相关文献,针对不同类型hCSVD的临床和影像特点、诊治方法提出临床工作建议,以指导临床医师在卒中诊疗工作中能识别hCSVD,使患者及时得到明确诊断和规范治疗。展开更多
Fabry Disease (FD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder characterized by α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) enzyme deficiency, resulting in glycosphingolipid accumulation. Its clinical spectrum ranges from severe classical...Fabry Disease (FD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder characterized by α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) enzyme deficiency, resulting in glycosphingolipid accumulation. Its clinical spectrum ranges from severe classical to milder nonclassical or late-onset phenotypes. Renal involvement, termed Fabry Nephropathy (FN), can vary from mild proteinuria to kidney failure. FN diagnosis, especially in nonclassical cases with a genetic Variant of Unknown Significance (VUS) in the GLA gene, poses challenges. Measurement of plasma lyso-Gb3 levels is gaining importance in FN diagnosis, while renal biopsy with electron microscopy remains the gold standard in equivocal cases. Treatment options include Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) and chaperone therapy, demanding careful candidate selection due to high treatment costs. Research has predominantly focused on classical FD, revealing modest treatment benefits. However, evidence for treating patients, especially females, with milder nonclassical or late-onset phenotypes is scarce, emphasizing the necessity for placebo-controlled clinical trials in these subgroups. Meanwhile, participation in global FD registries can improve our understanding of disease management. Case Presentation: A woman in her late sixties presented with moderate chronic kidney disease, mild proteinuria, and microscopic hematuria. Her family history included a prevalence of renal, cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases. Kidney biopsy revealed characteristic myelin figures and zebra bodies in podocytes, strongly suggestive of FN. Genetic analysis identified a VUS in the GLA gene (c.655A > C, p.Ile219Leu), introducing diagnostic uncertainty. Further investigations revealed severe cardiac involvement. Considering the recurring difficulty presented by the finding of a VUS in the GLA gene during FN assessments, along with the uncertainty regarding the need for treatment in nonclassical or late-onset FD phenotypes, especially in women, this case becomes a central focus for a thorough review of the literature. This rev展开更多
Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked lysosomal accumulation disorder caused by a deficiency in the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (Gal A), resulting in excessive storage of glycosphingolipids, particularly globotriaosy...Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked lysosomal accumulation disorder caused by a deficiency in the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (Gal A), resulting in excessive storage of glycosphingolipids, particularly globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). This leads to cellular dysfunction in various organs, with cardiovascular compromise being the major cause of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of FD focusing on its genetic, epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects. This study explored the genetic mutations associated with FD, its epidemiology, clinical phenotypes, cardiac manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and current treatment options. Background: FD is caused by mutations in GLA on the X chromosome, with over 1000 identified variants. Neonatal screening and specific studies have shown an increased incidence of FD. The clinical presentation varies between classic and late phenotypes, with cardiac involvement being a major concern, particularly in late-onset FD. Purpose: This study aimed to summarize the current knowledge on FD, emphasizing cardiac involvement, diagnostic modalities, and treatment options. Methods: A literature review of relevant studies on FD, including genetics, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment options, was conducted. Results: Cardiac manifestations of FD included left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden death. Diagnostic approaches such as electrocardiography, echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging play crucial roles in the early detection and monitoring of cardiac involvement. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and emerging treatments have shown promise in managing FD, although challenges remain. Conclusions: FD remains a challenging condition in cardiology, with under-diagnosis being a concern. Early detection and specific therapy are essential to improve patient outcomes. Echocardiography and cardiac MRI are valuable tools for diagnosis and follow-up. De展开更多
文摘To the Editor:Fabry disease (FD)is a recessive X-linked hereditary disease.The onset age of the disease is in children and adolescents mostly.The average time from the onset of symptoms to the definite diagnosis needs 13.7 years in male patients and 16.3 years in female patients.FD happens rarely and it is easy to cause diagnosis and treatment delay.Here,we report a case of FD in a 27-year-old man who developed clinical symptoms with acute cerebral infarction onset to improve doctors' understanding of FD.
文摘遗传性脑小血管病(hereditary cerebral small vessel disease,hCSVD)是一组由单基因突变导致的罕见脑小血管疾病。尽管不同类型hCSVD患者的发病年龄存在很大的变异,但青中年起病(≤45岁)的卒中具有重要临床提示价值。患者主要表现为认知功能减退、肢体运动障碍、情感障碍等症候群,且多数类型伴随脑外器官的损害。影像学和病理检查显示多发腔隙性脑梗死、脑白质病变、脑微出血和血管周围间隙扩大。具有代表性的病种主要包括常染色体显性遗传脑动脉病伴皮质下梗死及白质脑病、常染色体隐性遗传脑动脉病伴皮质下梗死及白质脑病、HTRA1相关显性遗传性脑小血管病、胶原蛋白4A1/2相关脑小动脉病、视网膜血管病变伴白质脑病和系统性表现、显性遗传性脑淀粉样血管病和Fabry病等。近年来我国学者在这些疾病的诊疗中发现并总结了中国患者的临床特点和诊断流程,因此我们组织从事该类疾病诊治和研究的专家,以我国hCSVD相关研究为基础,参考国外相关文献,针对不同类型hCSVD的临床和影像特点、诊治方法提出临床工作建议,以指导临床医师在卒中诊疗工作中能识别hCSVD,使患者及时得到明确诊断和规范治疗。
文摘Fabry Disease (FD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder characterized by α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) enzyme deficiency, resulting in glycosphingolipid accumulation. Its clinical spectrum ranges from severe classical to milder nonclassical or late-onset phenotypes. Renal involvement, termed Fabry Nephropathy (FN), can vary from mild proteinuria to kidney failure. FN diagnosis, especially in nonclassical cases with a genetic Variant of Unknown Significance (VUS) in the GLA gene, poses challenges. Measurement of plasma lyso-Gb3 levels is gaining importance in FN diagnosis, while renal biopsy with electron microscopy remains the gold standard in equivocal cases. Treatment options include Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) and chaperone therapy, demanding careful candidate selection due to high treatment costs. Research has predominantly focused on classical FD, revealing modest treatment benefits. However, evidence for treating patients, especially females, with milder nonclassical or late-onset phenotypes is scarce, emphasizing the necessity for placebo-controlled clinical trials in these subgroups. Meanwhile, participation in global FD registries can improve our understanding of disease management. Case Presentation: A woman in her late sixties presented with moderate chronic kidney disease, mild proteinuria, and microscopic hematuria. Her family history included a prevalence of renal, cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases. Kidney biopsy revealed characteristic myelin figures and zebra bodies in podocytes, strongly suggestive of FN. Genetic analysis identified a VUS in the GLA gene (c.655A > C, p.Ile219Leu), introducing diagnostic uncertainty. Further investigations revealed severe cardiac involvement. Considering the recurring difficulty presented by the finding of a VUS in the GLA gene during FN assessments, along with the uncertainty regarding the need for treatment in nonclassical or late-onset FD phenotypes, especially in women, this case becomes a central focus for a thorough review of the literature. This rev
文摘Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked lysosomal accumulation disorder caused by a deficiency in the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (Gal A), resulting in excessive storage of glycosphingolipids, particularly globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). This leads to cellular dysfunction in various organs, with cardiovascular compromise being the major cause of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of FD focusing on its genetic, epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects. This study explored the genetic mutations associated with FD, its epidemiology, clinical phenotypes, cardiac manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and current treatment options. Background: FD is caused by mutations in GLA on the X chromosome, with over 1000 identified variants. Neonatal screening and specific studies have shown an increased incidence of FD. The clinical presentation varies between classic and late phenotypes, with cardiac involvement being a major concern, particularly in late-onset FD. Purpose: This study aimed to summarize the current knowledge on FD, emphasizing cardiac involvement, diagnostic modalities, and treatment options. Methods: A literature review of relevant studies on FD, including genetics, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment options, was conducted. Results: Cardiac manifestations of FD included left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden death. Diagnostic approaches such as electrocardiography, echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging play crucial roles in the early detection and monitoring of cardiac involvement. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and emerging treatments have shown promise in managing FD, although challenges remain. Conclusions: FD remains a challenging condition in cardiology, with under-diagnosis being a concern. Early detection and specific therapy are essential to improve patient outcomes. Echocardiography and cardiac MRI are valuable tools for diagnosis and follow-up. De
