Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer a clean, pollution-free technology for the electrochemical conversion of chemical energy of hydrocarbon fuels into electricity. Many programs are being initiated in the United Stat...Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer a clean, pollution-free technology for the electrochemical conversion of chemical energy of hydrocarbon fuels into electricity. Many programs are being initiated in the United States, Europe, Japan and so on. The funding for SOFC development worldwide has risen dramatically and this trend is expected to continue for at least the next decades. These development programs are also investigating wider applications of SOFCs in stationary, residential, transportation and military sectors. Finally, it is summarized the key materials and fabrication processes of SOFC in this paper.展开更多
In living organisms,confined space with specific chemical composition and elaborate spatial distribution regulates the formation of natural structures.Learning from the natural structure-forming process,novel synthesi...In living organisms,confined space with specific chemical composition and elaborate spatial distribution regulates the formation of natural structures.Learning from the natural structure-forming process,novel synthesis approaches in deliberated confined systems have been proposed for obtaining designed structures.Artificial confined systems can effectively regulate the synthesis of materials with defined structures according to the geometry of confinements.Collagen fibrils provide biological confinements for the formation of hierarchical structure with periodic arrangement.Genetically engineered living organisms with designed confinements can direct the synthesis of three-dimensional nanostructures.More novel structures will be rationally fabricated in the future with the aid of deeper understanding of biological processes.展开更多
基金support from the NSFC key projects (50730004, 50872150 )MOST projects(2009DFA6136)MOE projects(NCET-06-0203,20060290005)
文摘Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer a clean, pollution-free technology for the electrochemical conversion of chemical energy of hydrocarbon fuels into electricity. Many programs are being initiated in the United States, Europe, Japan and so on. The funding for SOFC development worldwide has risen dramatically and this trend is expected to continue for at least the next decades. These development programs are also investigating wider applications of SOFCs in stationary, residential, transportation and military sectors. Finally, it is summarized the key materials and fabrication processes of SOFC in this paper.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51521001)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2015DFR50650)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University(WUT 2016IB006).
文摘In living organisms,confined space with specific chemical composition and elaborate spatial distribution regulates the formation of natural structures.Learning from the natural structure-forming process,novel synthesis approaches in deliberated confined systems have been proposed for obtaining designed structures.Artificial confined systems can effectively regulate the synthesis of materials with defined structures according to the geometry of confinements.Collagen fibrils provide biological confinements for the formation of hierarchical structure with periodic arrangement.Genetically engineered living organisms with designed confinements can direct the synthesis of three-dimensional nanostructures.More novel structures will be rationally fabricated in the future with the aid of deeper understanding of biological processes.
