建立了一套基于计算流体力学（CFD）/FW-H_pds方程（Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equations with penetrable data surface）的气动噪声预估技术和组合优化算法的低噪声旋翼桨尖平面外形设计方法。首先,采用积分形式的可压雷诺平均Navier-...建立了一套基于计算流体力学（CFD）/FW-H_pds方程（Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equations with penetrable data surface）的气动噪声预估技术和组合优化算法的低噪声旋翼桨尖平面外形设计方法。首先,采用积分形式的可压雷诺平均Navier-Stokes（RANS）方程作为旋翼流场求解控制方程,围绕旋翼流场的网格采用嵌套网格方法生成。在优化过程中,桨叶网格生成采用提出的高效参数化的网格自动生成方法。在建立的CFD方法求解基础上,采用基于可穿透旋转积分面的鲁棒性较好的FW-H_pds方程来求解旋翼高速脉冲（HSI）噪声。然后,以降低旋翼HSI噪声为目标,以旋翼悬停气动性能为约束,提出具备前掠-后掠-尖削等组合特征的桨尖外形方案并进行优化分析。将基于拉丁超立方（LHS）方法和径向基函数（RBF）的代理模型方法耦合到遗传算法过程中,建立了一种高效的组合优化算法。在当前的计算状态下,优化后的桨尖外形的负压峰值相比于矩形桨叶降低了58.4%,优化后的桨叶有效地减弱了旋翼桨尖区域的跨声速“离域化”现象,因此可以降低旋翼HSI噪声特性,同时可以减弱旋翼桨尖涡强度达30%,旋翼悬停性能提高了2%~3%。展开更多
研究高速直升机前飞时机身/后置推力桨的气动干扰对其气动与噪声源特性的影响。构建了一套适用于机身/推力桨流场模拟的高鲁棒性网格系统,贴体网格采用机身非结构/桨叶结构的混合网格,各贴体网格分别与背景网格建立嵌套关系,提出了网格...研究高速直升机前飞时机身/后置推力桨的气动干扰对其气动与噪声源特性的影响。构建了一套适用于机身/推力桨流场模拟的高鲁棒性网格系统,贴体网格采用机身非结构/桨叶结构的混合网格,各贴体网格分别与背景网格建立嵌套关系,提出了网格外边界自适应实体物面的边界识别方法以规避贴体网格计算域与实体的重合问题。基于URANS(Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stockes)方程构建了一套高速直升机机身/推力桨干扰流场的模拟方法,并基于FW-H(Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings)方程进一步建立了机身/推力桨噪声预估方法。通过与ROBIN机身/旋翼干扰试验数据、AH-1G旋翼噪声试验数据进行对比,验证了分析方法的有效性。开展了高速飞行状态下机身/推力桨干扰流场的高精度数值模拟,重点分析了机身/推力桨流场的干扰机制,综合对比了有/无机身干扰的推力桨气动噪声源特性。结果表明:在机身干扰下,推力桨整体推力会出现小幅度的波动,波动幅度约5.34%。与孤立推力桨比较,受干扰的推力桨在中/高桨盘夹角方向上的噪声声压级(SPL)大幅增大,且增大幅值与前进比正相关。此外,机身表面压力的波动会诱发载荷噪声,进一步改变了总噪声的频域特性。展开更多
In this paper, a new permeable adaptive integration surface is developed in order to evaluate transonic rotor noise in accordance with FW-H_pds equations(Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equations with penetrable data surface...In this paper, a new permeable adaptive integration surface is developed in order to evaluate transonic rotor noise in accordance with FW-H_pds equations(Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equations with penetrable data surface). Firstly, a nonlinear near-field solution is computed on the basis of Navier-Stokes equations, which is developed on moving-embedded grid methodology.The solution calculated through the present CFD method is used as the input for acoustic calculations by FW-H_pds equations. Then, two criteria for constructing integration surfaces are established based on the analysis of the quadrupole source strength and the nonlinear characteristic.A new surface is determined adaptively by the pressure gradient or density in a given flowfield,eschewing the uncertainties associated with determining cylinder-shaped integration surfaces. For varying hover cases, transonic noises are simulated with new integration surfaces for a UH-1 model rotor. Furthermore, numerical results of the new integration surface derived from the density perturbation value conform better to experimental data than results derived from the pressure gradient.Finally, the integration surface given by jrqj being 0.1, which is an applicable criterion obtained from hover cases, is used to predict transonic rotor noise in forward flight. The computational accuracy of the new integration surface method has been validated in predicting transonic rotor noise of an AH-1 model rotor at different advance ratios.展开更多
文摘建立了一套基于计算流体力学（CFD）/FW-H_pds方程（Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equations with penetrable data surface）的气动噪声预估技术和组合优化算法的低噪声旋翼桨尖平面外形设计方法。首先,采用积分形式的可压雷诺平均Navier-Stokes（RANS）方程作为旋翼流场求解控制方程,围绕旋翼流场的网格采用嵌套网格方法生成。在优化过程中,桨叶网格生成采用提出的高效参数化的网格自动生成方法。在建立的CFD方法求解基础上,采用基于可穿透旋转积分面的鲁棒性较好的FW-H_pds方程来求解旋翼高速脉冲（HSI）噪声。然后,以降低旋翼HSI噪声为目标,以旋翼悬停气动性能为约束,提出具备前掠-后掠-尖削等组合特征的桨尖外形方案并进行优化分析。将基于拉丁超立方（LHS）方法和径向基函数（RBF）的代理模型方法耦合到遗传算法过程中,建立了一种高效的组合优化算法。在当前的计算状态下,优化后的桨尖外形的负压峰值相比于矩形桨叶降低了58.4%,优化后的桨叶有效地减弱了旋翼桨尖区域的跨声速“离域化”现象,因此可以降低旋翼HSI噪声特性,同时可以减弱旋翼桨尖涡强度达30%,旋翼悬停性能提高了2%~3%。
文摘研究高速直升机前飞时机身/后置推力桨的气动干扰对其气动与噪声源特性的影响。构建了一套适用于机身/推力桨流场模拟的高鲁棒性网格系统,贴体网格采用机身非结构/桨叶结构的混合网格,各贴体网格分别与背景网格建立嵌套关系,提出了网格外边界自适应实体物面的边界识别方法以规避贴体网格计算域与实体的重合问题。基于URANS(Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stockes)方程构建了一套高速直升机机身/推力桨干扰流场的模拟方法,并基于FW-H(Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings)方程进一步建立了机身/推力桨噪声预估方法。通过与ROBIN机身/旋翼干扰试验数据、AH-1G旋翼噪声试验数据进行对比,验证了分析方法的有效性。开展了高速飞行状态下机身/推力桨干扰流场的高精度数值模拟,重点分析了机身/推力桨流场的干扰机制,综合对比了有/无机身干扰的推力桨气动噪声源特性。结果表明:在机身干扰下,推力桨整体推力会出现小幅度的波动,波动幅度约5.34%。与孤立推力桨比较,受干扰的推力桨在中/高桨盘夹角方向上的噪声声压级(SPL)大幅增大,且增大幅值与前进比正相关。此外,机身表面压力的波动会诱发载荷噪声,进一步改变了总噪声的频域特性。
基金supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11272150 and 11572156)the Scientific Research Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province of China (No. KYLX15_0250)
文摘In this paper, a new permeable adaptive integration surface is developed in order to evaluate transonic rotor noise in accordance with FW-H_pds equations(Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equations with penetrable data surface). Firstly, a nonlinear near-field solution is computed on the basis of Navier-Stokes equations, which is developed on moving-embedded grid methodology.The solution calculated through the present CFD method is used as the input for acoustic calculations by FW-H_pds equations. Then, two criteria for constructing integration surfaces are established based on the analysis of the quadrupole source strength and the nonlinear characteristic.A new surface is determined adaptively by the pressure gradient or density in a given flowfield,eschewing the uncertainties associated with determining cylinder-shaped integration surfaces. For varying hover cases, transonic noises are simulated with new integration surfaces for a UH-1 model rotor. Furthermore, numerical results of the new integration surface derived from the density perturbation value conform better to experimental data than results derived from the pressure gradient.Finally, the integration surface given by jrqj being 0.1, which is an applicable criterion obtained from hover cases, is used to predict transonic rotor noise in forward flight. The computational accuracy of the new integration surface method has been validated in predicting transonic rotor noise of an AH-1 model rotor at different advance ratios.
