The food insecurity experiences and related behaviors of Nigerian households during the COVID-19 lockdown have not been fully discussed. This study was conducted to elicit information on the impact of COVID-19 lockdow...The food insecurity experiences and related behaviors of Nigerian households during the COVID-19 lockdown have not been fully discussed. This study was conducted to elicit information on the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on economic and behavioral patterns related to food access. An online-based semi-structured questionnaire distributed through messaging platforms was used to collect information on characteristics, food purchasing behaviour be<span>fore and during COVID-19 lockdown among respondents. Experience of</span> food insecurity was assessed using Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). A total of 883 responses were received and analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0. Most of the respondents (90.5%) were at home or had stopped going to work due to COVID-19 restrictions. Even though smaller households had higher food <span>expenditure claims than larger households (p = 0.012), the larger the</span> house<span>hold, the more acute the challenge of economic access to food (p = 0.050)</span>. Location (p = 0.000), age (p = 0.003), occupation (p = 0.014) and income level (p = 0.000) were associated with experience of food insecurity. In conclusion, lockdown restrictions increased food expenditure and experience of food insecurity among the respondents and thus we recommend the probe of long-term consequences of deviations from usual food access on undernutrition or overnutrition in Nigerian households.展开更多
We tested the recent hypothesis that the"fly factor"phenomenon(food cur-rently or previously fed on by flies attracts more flies than the same type of food kept inccessible to flies)is mediated by bacterial ...We tested the recent hypothesis that the"fly factor"phenomenon(food cur-rently or previously fed on by flies attracts more flies than the same type of food kept inccessible to flies)is mediated by bacterial symbionts deposited with feees or regur-gitated by feeding flies.We allowed laboratory-reared black blow flies,Phormia regina(Meigen),to feed and de fecate on bacterial Luria-Bertani medium solidified with agar,and isolated seven morphologically distinct bacterial colonies.We identified these us-ing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and sequencing of the 165 rRNA gene.In two-choice laboratory experiments,traps baited with cultures of Pro-teus mirabilis Hauser,Morganella morganii subsp.sibonii Jensen,or Serratia marcescens Bizio,captured significantly more flies than corresponding control jars baited with tryptic soy agar only.A mixture of seven bacterial strains as a trap bait was more attractive to flies than a single bacterial isolate(M.m.siboni).In a field experiment,traps baited with agar cultures of P:mirabilis and M.m siboni in combination captured significantly more flies than lraps baited with either bacterial isolate alone or the agar control.As evident by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,the odor profiles of bacterial isolates differ,which may explain the additive effect of bacteria to the attractiveness of bacterial trap baits.As"generalist bacteria,"P mirabilis and M.m.sibonii growing on animal protein(beef liver)or plant protein(tofu)are similarly effective in attracting flies.Bacteria-derived airborne semiochemicals appear to mediate foraging by flies and to inform their feeding and oviposition decisions.展开更多
文摘The food insecurity experiences and related behaviors of Nigerian households during the COVID-19 lockdown have not been fully discussed. This study was conducted to elicit information on the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on economic and behavioral patterns related to food access. An online-based semi-structured questionnaire distributed through messaging platforms was used to collect information on characteristics, food purchasing behaviour be<span>fore and during COVID-19 lockdown among respondents. Experience of</span> food insecurity was assessed using Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). A total of 883 responses were received and analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0. Most of the respondents (90.5%) were at home or had stopped going to work due to COVID-19 restrictions. Even though smaller households had higher food <span>expenditure claims than larger households (p = 0.012), the larger the</span> house<span>hold, the more acute the challenge of economic access to food (p = 0.050)</span>. Location (p = 0.000), age (p = 0.003), occupation (p = 0.014) and income level (p = 0.000) were associated with experience of food insecurity. In conclusion, lockdown restrictions increased food expenditure and experience of food insecurity among the respondents and thus we recommend the probe of long-term consequences of deviations from usual food access on undernutrition or overnutrition in Nigerian households.
文摘We tested the recent hypothesis that the"fly factor"phenomenon(food cur-rently or previously fed on by flies attracts more flies than the same type of food kept inccessible to flies)is mediated by bacterial symbionts deposited with feees or regur-gitated by feeding flies.We allowed laboratory-reared black blow flies,Phormia regina(Meigen),to feed and de fecate on bacterial Luria-Bertani medium solidified with agar,and isolated seven morphologically distinct bacterial colonies.We identified these us-ing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and sequencing of the 165 rRNA gene.In two-choice laboratory experiments,traps baited with cultures of Pro-teus mirabilis Hauser,Morganella morganii subsp.sibonii Jensen,or Serratia marcescens Bizio,captured significantly more flies than corresponding control jars baited with tryptic soy agar only.A mixture of seven bacterial strains as a trap bait was more attractive to flies than a single bacterial isolate(M.m.siboni).In a field experiment,traps baited with agar cultures of P:mirabilis and M.m siboni in combination captured significantly more flies than lraps baited with either bacterial isolate alone or the agar control.As evident by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,the odor profiles of bacterial isolates differ,which may explain the additive effect of bacteria to the attractiveness of bacterial trap baits.As"generalist bacteria,"P mirabilis and M.m.sibonii growing on animal protein(beef liver)or plant protein(tofu)are similarly effective in attracting flies.Bacteria-derived airborne semiochemicals appear to mediate foraging by flies and to inform their feeding and oviposition decisions.
