Background： Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis （PAP） is a rare lung disease, the most common type of which is autoimmune PAP. The gold standard therapy for PAP is whole lung lavage （WLL）. Few studies have reported th...Background： Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis （PAP） is a rare lung disease, the most common type of which is autoimmune PAP. The gold standard therapy for PAP is whole lung lavage （WLL）. Few studies have reported the optimal technique with which to evaluate the response to WLL. In this study, we aimed to identify parameters with which to assess the need for repeat WLL during a long-term 8-year follow-up. Methods： We conducted a retrospective analysis of 120 patients with autoimmune PAP with 80 of whom underwent WLL. Physiologic, serologic, and radiologic features of the patients were analyzed during an 8-year follow-up after the first WLL treatment. Results： Of the 40 patients without any intervention, 39 patients either achieved remission or remained stable and only one died of pulmonary infection. Of the 56 patients who underwent WLL for 1 time, 55 remained free from a second WLL and 1 patient died of cancer. Twenty-four required additional treatments after their first WLL. The baseline PaO2, （P = 0.000）, PA-aO2 （P = 0.000）, shunt fraction rate （P = 0.001）, percent of predicted normal diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide （DLCO%Pred） （P = 0.016）, 6-rain walk test （P = 0.013）, carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） （P = 0.007）, and neuron-specific enolase （NSE） （P = 0.003） showed significant differences among the three groups. The need for a second WLL was significantly associated with PaO2 （P = 0.000）, CEA （P= 0.050）, the 6-minute walk test （P= 0.026）, and DLCO%Pred （P = 0.041 ）. The DLCO%Pred on admission with a cut-off value of42.1% （P = 0.001） may help to distinguish whether patients with PAP require a second WLL. Conclusions： WLL is the optimal treatment method for PAP and provides remarkable improvements for affected patients. The DLCO%Pred on admission with a cut-offvalue of 42.1% may distinguish whether patients with PAP require a second WLL.展开更多
为提高压电能量采集(piezoelectric energy harvesting,PEH)系统的转换效率,文章在传统全桥整流器(full-bridge rectifier,FBR)以及同步开关电感收集(synchronous switch harvesting on inductor,SSHI)技术的基础上,设计了冷启动同步开...为提高压电能量采集(piezoelectric energy harvesting,PEH)系统的转换效率,文章在传统全桥整流器(full-bridge rectifier,FBR)以及同步开关电感收集(synchronous switch harvesting on inductor,SSHI)技术的基础上,设计了冷启动同步开关电容收集(synchronous swich harvesting on capacitors,SsHC)整流器.整流器电路可在冷态下提供较高的开路电压,使系统加快进入正常工作状态.内部的开关电容(switched capacitors.SCs)代替电感进行电荷的快速翻转,降低了能量损耗并实现了较高的翻转效率。整流器电路采用TSMC0.18μm CMOS工艺进行搭建与仿真.效率计算结果显示,与传统的全桥整流器相比,在开路电压为4.5 V的情况下,压电能量收集系统的效率提高了5.5倍,超过了大多数SSHI整流器电路,并显著减小了系统面积.仿真结果显示,设计的四电容SSHC整流器的电压翻转效率为66.36%.展开更多
In order to evaluate the operational reliability of Japanese FBR （fast breeder reactor） MONJU, frequencies of important intermediate events and equipment failures resulting during reactor automatic trip are predicte...In order to evaluate the operational reliability of Japanese FBR （fast breeder reactor） MONJU, frequencies of important intermediate events and equipment failures resulting during reactor automatic trip are predicted using FTA （fault tree analysis） technique for the plant system model. The targeted devices are the following： PHTS （primary heat transport system）, SHTS （secondary heat transport system）, WS （water and steam system）, PPS （plant protection system） and PCS （plant control system）. In this paper, the frequency of automatic reactor trips was estimated by extracting and analyzing the important intermediate events and equipment failures covering all the derived fault trees of these systems. The analyses predicted 1.2/RY （reactor year） the value of unplanned shut down frequency by the internal factor of the system. The largest contributed event was function failure of SHTS accounting for 42.6% of total events followed by PHTS with 40.1%. The contribution factor of WS was only 4.4%.展开更多
The objective of this study is to presume cesium corrosion process and its dominant factors in SUS316 steel, a fuel cladding material for fast breeder reactor application, based on both experimental results of cesium ...The objective of this study is to presume cesium corrosion process and its dominant factors in SUS316 steel, a fuel cladding material for fast breeder reactor application, based on both experimental results of cesium corrosion out-pile test and thermodynamic consideration. The cesium corrosion test was performed in simulated environment of high burn-up fuel pin. And main corrosion products in the specimen after the corrosion test were specified by TEM （transition electron microscopy） and SEM （scanning electron microscopy） in order to formulate a hypothesis of the cesium corrosion process. At the end of this study, it was found that the dominant factors of the corrosion process are the amount of cesium on the surface of the specimen, chromium content in the alloy, the supply rate of oxygen and temperature.展开更多
This paper describes the methods and results of an uncertainty evaluation of a significant plant response analysis of reactor trip failure events,specifically anticipated transients without scram in the Japanese proto...This paper describes the methods and results of an uncertainty evaluation of a significant plant response analysis of reactor trip failure events,specifically anticipated transients without scram in the Japanese prototype fast breeder reactor Monju.Unprotected loss of heat sink(ULOHS)has a relatively large contribution to the core damage frequency due to reactor trip failure.The uncertainty in the allowable time to core damage in this event has so far been estimated by considering the range of reactivity coefficients.There are some cases where it is considered that core damage will be avoided.Specifically,if the primary heat transport system(PHTS)pump inlet sodium temperature stays below 650℃for 1 h,the avoidance of core damage due to a ULOHS event is assumed.This is the temperature at which the probability of cavitation in the static pressure bearing begins to increase.In this study,a success scenario was investigated in two aspects:identification of influential input parameters and estimation of the probability of success.In the parameter identification,input parameters that satisfy the pump inlet temperature being below 650°C are clarified by treating the reactivity coefficients and reactor kinetics parameters as variables that can be taken to be within the design range.In the probability estimation,the results are fitted to a lognormal distribution function,from which the output variable was found to fall between 640 and 679℃with a probability of 90%,the probability of the temperature being 650℃or lower was 0.23,and the average and mode value was 659℃.展开更多
Extended Mission Phase During the six-month design life, Chang＇e 2 successfully accomplished the planned engineering demonstration and scientific exploration missions. Thanks to the launch zero window, stable operati...Extended Mission Phase During the six-month design life, Chang＇e 2 successfully accomplished the planned engineering demonstration and scientific exploration missions. Thanks to the launch zero window, stable operation and precise control, the probe saved a lot of propellant. The remaining propellant weighed 520kg （plus capacity margin）. At the same time, the probe was in good condition. According to the concept of ＂improving capability more quickly and promoting technological development＂,展开更多
Frontiers of Business Research in China (FBR), Business School of Renmin University of China (RUC) in conjunction with The United International College (UIC), Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University are...Frontiers of Business Research in China (FBR), Business School of Renmin University of China (RUC) in conjunction with The United International College (UIC), Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University are pleased to invite submission of research papers and case studies to the 2019 China Accounting and Finance Innovation Forum in Zhuhai, China on October 17-19, 2019.展开更多
Demand for the renminbi in Hong Kong has led several senior officials, including Financial Secretary John Tsang Chun-wah, Secretary for Financial Selwices mad the Treasury K.C. Chan and Hong Kong Monetary Authority （...Demand for the renminbi in Hong Kong has led several senior officials, including Financial Secretary John Tsang Chun-wah, Secretary for Financial Selwices mad the Treasury K.C. Chan and Hong Kong Monetary Authority （HKMA） Chief Executive Norman T.L. Chan, to pay a visit to Beijing on October 29, asking the China Securities Regulatory Commission （CSRC） fbr support and exchanging views with CSRC Chaimlan Guo Shuqing.展开更多
文摘Background： Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis （PAP） is a rare lung disease, the most common type of which is autoimmune PAP. The gold standard therapy for PAP is whole lung lavage （WLL）. Few studies have reported the optimal technique with which to evaluate the response to WLL. In this study, we aimed to identify parameters with which to assess the need for repeat WLL during a long-term 8-year follow-up. Methods： We conducted a retrospective analysis of 120 patients with autoimmune PAP with 80 of whom underwent WLL. Physiologic, serologic, and radiologic features of the patients were analyzed during an 8-year follow-up after the first WLL treatment. Results： Of the 40 patients without any intervention, 39 patients either achieved remission or remained stable and only one died of pulmonary infection. Of the 56 patients who underwent WLL for 1 time, 55 remained free from a second WLL and 1 patient died of cancer. Twenty-four required additional treatments after their first WLL. The baseline PaO2, （P = 0.000）, PA-aO2 （P = 0.000）, shunt fraction rate （P = 0.001）, percent of predicted normal diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide （DLCO%Pred） （P = 0.016）, 6-rain walk test （P = 0.013）, carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） （P = 0.007）, and neuron-specific enolase （NSE） （P = 0.003） showed significant differences among the three groups. The need for a second WLL was significantly associated with PaO2 （P = 0.000）, CEA （P= 0.050）, the 6-minute walk test （P= 0.026）, and DLCO%Pred （P = 0.041 ）. The DLCO%Pred on admission with a cut-off value of42.1% （P = 0.001） may help to distinguish whether patients with PAP require a second WLL. Conclusions： WLL is the optimal treatment method for PAP and provides remarkable improvements for affected patients. The DLCO%Pred on admission with a cut-offvalue of 42.1% may distinguish whether patients with PAP require a second WLL.
文摘为提高压电能量采集(piezoelectric energy harvesting,PEH)系统的转换效率,文章在传统全桥整流器(full-bridge rectifier,FBR)以及同步开关电感收集(synchronous switch harvesting on inductor,SSHI)技术的基础上,设计了冷启动同步开关电容收集(synchronous swich harvesting on capacitors,SsHC)整流器.整流器电路可在冷态下提供较高的开路电压,使系统加快进入正常工作状态.内部的开关电容(switched capacitors.SCs)代替电感进行电荷的快速翻转,降低了能量损耗并实现了较高的翻转效率。整流器电路采用TSMC0.18μm CMOS工艺进行搭建与仿真.效率计算结果显示,与传统的全桥整流器相比,在开路电压为4.5 V的情况下,压电能量收集系统的效率提高了5.5倍,超过了大多数SSHI整流器电路,并显著减小了系统面积.仿真结果显示,设计的四电容SSHC整流器的电压翻转效率为66.36%.
文摘In order to evaluate the operational reliability of Japanese FBR （fast breeder reactor） MONJU, frequencies of important intermediate events and equipment failures resulting during reactor automatic trip are predicted using FTA （fault tree analysis） technique for the plant system model. The targeted devices are the following： PHTS （primary heat transport system）, SHTS （secondary heat transport system）, WS （water and steam system）, PPS （plant protection system） and PCS （plant control system）. In this paper, the frequency of automatic reactor trips was estimated by extracting and analyzing the important intermediate events and equipment failures covering all the derived fault trees of these systems. The analyses predicted 1.2/RY （reactor year） the value of unplanned shut down frequency by the internal factor of the system. The largest contributed event was function failure of SHTS accounting for 42.6% of total events followed by PHTS with 40.1%. The contribution factor of WS was only 4.4%.
文摘The objective of this study is to presume cesium corrosion process and its dominant factors in SUS316 steel, a fuel cladding material for fast breeder reactor application, based on both experimental results of cesium corrosion out-pile test and thermodynamic consideration. The cesium corrosion test was performed in simulated environment of high burn-up fuel pin. And main corrosion products in the specimen after the corrosion test were specified by TEM （transition electron microscopy） and SEM （scanning electron microscopy） in order to formulate a hypothesis of the cesium corrosion process. At the end of this study, it was found that the dominant factors of the corrosion process are the amount of cesium on the surface of the specimen, chromium content in the alloy, the supply rate of oxygen and temperature.
文摘This paper describes the methods and results of an uncertainty evaluation of a significant plant response analysis of reactor trip failure events,specifically anticipated transients without scram in the Japanese prototype fast breeder reactor Monju.Unprotected loss of heat sink(ULOHS)has a relatively large contribution to the core damage frequency due to reactor trip failure.The uncertainty in the allowable time to core damage in this event has so far been estimated by considering the range of reactivity coefficients.There are some cases where it is considered that core damage will be avoided.Specifically,if the primary heat transport system(PHTS)pump inlet sodium temperature stays below 650℃for 1 h,the avoidance of core damage due to a ULOHS event is assumed.This is the temperature at which the probability of cavitation in the static pressure bearing begins to increase.In this study,a success scenario was investigated in two aspects:identification of influential input parameters and estimation of the probability of success.In the parameter identification,input parameters that satisfy the pump inlet temperature being below 650°C are clarified by treating the reactivity coefficients and reactor kinetics parameters as variables that can be taken to be within the design range.In the probability estimation,the results are fitted to a lognormal distribution function,from which the output variable was found to fall between 640 and 679℃with a probability of 90%,the probability of the temperature being 650℃or lower was 0.23,and the average and mode value was 659℃.
文摘Extended Mission Phase During the six-month design life, Chang＇e 2 successfully accomplished the planned engineering demonstration and scientific exploration missions. Thanks to the launch zero window, stable operation and precise control, the probe saved a lot of propellant. The remaining propellant weighed 520kg （plus capacity margin）. At the same time, the probe was in good condition. According to the concept of ＂improving capability more quickly and promoting technological development＂,
文摘Frontiers of Business Research in China (FBR), Business School of Renmin University of China (RUC) in conjunction with The United International College (UIC), Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University are pleased to invite submission of research papers and case studies to the 2019 China Accounting and Finance Innovation Forum in Zhuhai, China on October 17-19, 2019.
文摘Demand for the renminbi in Hong Kong has led several senior officials, including Financial Secretary John Tsang Chun-wah, Secretary for Financial Selwices mad the Treasury K.C. Chan and Hong Kong Monetary Authority （HKMA） Chief Executive Norman T.L. Chan, to pay a visit to Beijing on October 29, asking the China Securities Regulatory Commission （CSRC） fbr support and exchanging views with CSRC Chaimlan Guo Shuqing.
