Background: Observation is an important skill for making appropriate nursing decisions and engaging in good practice. However, experts’ observation behavior and cognitive processes cannot be easily verbalized or docu...Background: Observation is an important skill for making appropriate nursing decisions and engaging in good practice. However, experts’ observation behavior and cognitive processes cannot be easily verbalized or documented in an objective and accurate manner. Quantitative analysis of the observation behavior of nurses with rich clinical experience will yield effective educational data for fostering and improving nursing students’ observation skills. Objectives: To improve nursing assessment education, the differences in the information gathering processes between clinical nurses and nursing students were analyzed by using a portable eye-tracker. Design: An experimental study. Settings: The experiment was performed at a university in Japan. Participants: The participants were 11 clinical nurses with at least 5 years of clinical experience for postoperative patients, and 10 fourth-year nursing students. Methods: In a mock hospital room, wherein we recreated a situation where a patient in postoperative day 1 was confined to a bed, participants wore an eye-tracking camera and engaged in nursing observation to make an early postoperative ambulation assessment of the patient. Participants’ gaze points and gaze fixation durations were extracted from the gaze measurement data and compared. Results: Clinical nurses had shorter observation times and gaze durations than did nursing students, and focused more on the patient chart, intravenous drip, and indwelling drain. Students gazed for longest at the measuring devices for vital signs. Conclusions: We quantitatively analyzed differences in nursing observation according to clinical experience. Although no significant difference was found in gaze points, nursing students had a greater tendency to focus on information that was numerically displayed. Nurses with clinical experience conducted observations by gazing at information that they needed to focus on the most according to the patients’ postoperative course.展开更多
It is difficult to accurately assess and differentially diagnose the anxiety disorders.The current system of assessment relies heavily on the subjective measures of client self-report,clinical observation,and clinical...It is difficult to accurately assess and differentially diagnose the anxiety disorders.The current system of assessment relies heavily on the subjective measures of client self-report,clinical observation,and clinical judgment.Fortunately,recent technological advances may enable practitioners to utilize objective,biobehavioral measures of assessment in a clinical setting.The current body of literature on two of these biobehavioral tools(eyetracking and electrocardiogram devices) is promising,but more validation and standardization research is needed to maximize the utility of these devices.Eye-tracking devices are uniquely capable of providing data that can be used to differentially diagnose anxiety disorders from both other commonly comorbid and misdiagnosed disorders.Both eye-tracking and electrocardiogram devices are able to provide change-sensitive assessment information.This objective,real-time feedback can assist clinicians and researchers in assessing treatment efficacy and symptom fluctuation.Recently developed wearable and highly portable electrocardiogram devices,like the wearable fitness and behavior tracking devices used by many consumers,may be particularly suited for providing this feedback to clinicians.Utilizing these biobehavioral devices would supply an objective,dimensional component to the current categorical diagnostic assessment system.We posit that if adequate funding and attention are directed at this area of research,it could revolutionize diagnostic and on-going assessment practices and,in doing so,bring the field of diagnosis out of the 20 th century.展开更多
文摘Background: Observation is an important skill for making appropriate nursing decisions and engaging in good practice. However, experts’ observation behavior and cognitive processes cannot be easily verbalized or documented in an objective and accurate manner. Quantitative analysis of the observation behavior of nurses with rich clinical experience will yield effective educational data for fostering and improving nursing students’ observation skills. Objectives: To improve nursing assessment education, the differences in the information gathering processes between clinical nurses and nursing students were analyzed by using a portable eye-tracker. Design: An experimental study. Settings: The experiment was performed at a university in Japan. Participants: The participants were 11 clinical nurses with at least 5 years of clinical experience for postoperative patients, and 10 fourth-year nursing students. Methods: In a mock hospital room, wherein we recreated a situation where a patient in postoperative day 1 was confined to a bed, participants wore an eye-tracking camera and engaged in nursing observation to make an early postoperative ambulation assessment of the patient. Participants’ gaze points and gaze fixation durations were extracted from the gaze measurement data and compared. Results: Clinical nurses had shorter observation times and gaze durations than did nursing students, and focused more on the patient chart, intravenous drip, and indwelling drain. Students gazed for longest at the measuring devices for vital signs. Conclusions: We quantitatively analyzed differences in nursing observation according to clinical experience. Although no significant difference was found in gaze points, nursing students had a greater tendency to focus on information that was numerically displayed. Nurses with clinical experience conducted observations by gazing at information that they needed to focus on the most according to the patients’ postoperative course.
文摘It is difficult to accurately assess and differentially diagnose the anxiety disorders.The current system of assessment relies heavily on the subjective measures of client self-report,clinical observation,and clinical judgment.Fortunately,recent technological advances may enable practitioners to utilize objective,biobehavioral measures of assessment in a clinical setting.The current body of literature on two of these biobehavioral tools(eyetracking and electrocardiogram devices) is promising,but more validation and standardization research is needed to maximize the utility of these devices.Eye-tracking devices are uniquely capable of providing data that can be used to differentially diagnose anxiety disorders from both other commonly comorbid and misdiagnosed disorders.Both eye-tracking and electrocardiogram devices are able to provide change-sensitive assessment information.This objective,real-time feedback can assist clinicians and researchers in assessing treatment efficacy and symptom fluctuation.Recently developed wearable and highly portable electrocardiogram devices,like the wearable fitness and behavior tracking devices used by many consumers,may be particularly suited for providing this feedback to clinicians.Utilizing these biobehavioral devices would supply an objective,dimensional component to the current categorical diagnostic assessment system.We posit that if adequate funding and attention are directed at this area of research,it could revolutionize diagnostic and on-going assessment practices and,in doing so,bring the field of diagnosis out of the 20 th century.
