External short circuit(ESC)of lithium-ion batteries is one of the common and severe electrical failures in electric vehicles.In this study,a novel thermal modelis developed to capture the temperature behavior of batte...External short circuit(ESC)of lithium-ion batteries is one of the common and severe electrical failures in electric vehicles.In this study,a novel thermal modelis developed to capture the temperature behavior of batteries under ESC conditions.Experiments were systematically performed under different battery initial state of charge and ambient temperatures.Based on the experimental results,we employed an extreme learming machine(ELM)-based thermal(ELMT)model to depict battery temperature behavior under ESC,where a lumped-state thermal model was used to replace the activation function of conventional ELMs.To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model,wecompared the ELMT model with a multi-lumped-state thermal(MLT)model parameterized by thegenetic algorithm using the experimental data from various sets of battery cells.It is shown that the ELMT model can achieve higher computa-tional efficiency than the MLT model and better fitting and prediction accuracy,where the average root mean squared error(RMSE)of the fitting is 0.65℃ for the ELMT model and 3.95℃ for the MLT model,and the RMES of the prediction under new data set is 3.97℃ for the ELMT model and 6.11℃ for the MLT model.展开更多
Open Air Interface(OAI)alliance recently introduced a new disaggregated Open Radio Access Networks(O-RAN)framework for next generation telecommunications and networks.This disaggregated architecture is open,automated,...Open Air Interface(OAI)alliance recently introduced a new disaggregated Open Radio Access Networks(O-RAN)framework for next generation telecommunications and networks.This disaggregated architecture is open,automated,software defined,virtual,and supports the latest advanced technologies like Artificial Intelligence(AI)Machine Learning(AI/ML).This novel intelligent architecture enables programmers to design and customize automated applications according to the business needs and to improve quality of service in fifth generation(5G)and Beyond 5G(B5G).Its disaggregated and multivendor nature gives the opportunity to new startups and small vendors to participate and provide cheap hardware software solutions to keep the market competitive.This paper presents the disaggregated and programmable O-RAN architecture focused on automation,AI/ML services,and applications with Flexible Radio access network Intelligent Controller(FRIC).We schematically demonstrate the reinforcement learning,external applications(xApps),and automation steps to implement this disaggregated O-RAN architecture.The idea of this research paper is to implement an AI/ML enabled automation system for software defined disaggregated O-RAN,which monitors,manages,and performs AI/ML-related services,including the model deployment,optimization,inference,and training.展开更多
针对现有保温被覆盖方式无法实现翻越拱面顶部覆盖,且卷起后的保温被放置在屋顶给屋面造成额外荷载和室内遮阴的问题,设计一套拱型温室外保温被翻越式铺卷系统(Over-the-top rolling system,ORS)。对ORS的工作方式和零部件参数进行研究...针对现有保温被覆盖方式无法实现翻越拱面顶部覆盖,且卷起后的保温被放置在屋顶给屋面造成额外荷载和室内遮阴的问题,设计一套拱型温室外保温被翻越式铺卷系统(Over-the-top rolling system,ORS)。对ORS的工作方式和零部件参数进行研究,在计算模拟的基础上,选用了蓬松厚度为10mm、压实厚度为2mm的保温被,直径为25mm、壁厚为1.5mm的不锈钢管,直径为2mm的钢丝绳,链号为06B的链条和配套29齿的链轮,功率为400W的电机,并设计了螺距为2mm、22圈宽2mm、深1mm的螺纹、拔摸角度为30°的塔轮,在微缩拱型温室上安装ORS进行模拟试验运行。结果表明:1)ORS采用拉铺覆盖和卷收打开保温被的工作方式实现了保温被翻越屋顶的一体化覆盖,提高了保温被的整体保温性;2)相比保温被放置在屋顶的方式,ORS放置在天沟上减少了屋面拱架荷载42 N/m^2,避免了保温被放置在屋顶造成的33%室内遮阴;3)保温被卷起后平均最大直径为116.2mm,小于模型温室天沟的宽度(320mm),不额外遮阴;牵引绳的张力最大值为736.119N,小于所选择钢丝绳(φ=2mm)的最小破断拉力2296N;ORS最大工作功率为384W,扭矩传感器最大测量值为8849.138N·m,所选电机的额定功率为400W、最大容许扭矩为6×105 N·m,验证了所选规格保温被的厚度、钢丝绳的直径、电机功率和的最大容许扭矩的选型是合理的;4)保温被覆盖和打开的整个工作过程中卷被和卷绳的转速可以同步,验证了塔轮尺寸规格设计的合理性。展开更多
基金support by the National Key Researchand Development Program of China(2018YFBO104100).
文摘External short circuit(ESC)of lithium-ion batteries is one of the common and severe electrical failures in electric vehicles.In this study,a novel thermal modelis developed to capture the temperature behavior of batteries under ESC conditions.Experiments were systematically performed under different battery initial state of charge and ambient temperatures.Based on the experimental results,we employed an extreme learming machine(ELM)-based thermal(ELMT)model to depict battery temperature behavior under ESC,where a lumped-state thermal model was used to replace the activation function of conventional ELMs.To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model,wecompared the ELMT model with a multi-lumped-state thermal(MLT)model parameterized by thegenetic algorithm using the experimental data from various sets of battery cells.It is shown that the ELMT model can achieve higher computa-tional efficiency than the MLT model and better fitting and prediction accuracy,where the average root mean squared error(RMSE)of the fitting is 0.65℃ for the ELMT model and 3.95℃ for the MLT model,and the RMES of the prediction under new data set is 3.97℃ for the ELMT model and 6.11℃ for the MLT model.
文摘Open Air Interface(OAI)alliance recently introduced a new disaggregated Open Radio Access Networks(O-RAN)framework for next generation telecommunications and networks.This disaggregated architecture is open,automated,software defined,virtual,and supports the latest advanced technologies like Artificial Intelligence(AI)Machine Learning(AI/ML).This novel intelligent architecture enables programmers to design and customize automated applications according to the business needs and to improve quality of service in fifth generation(5G)and Beyond 5G(B5G).Its disaggregated and multivendor nature gives the opportunity to new startups and small vendors to participate and provide cheap hardware software solutions to keep the market competitive.This paper presents the disaggregated and programmable O-RAN architecture focused on automation,AI/ML services,and applications with Flexible Radio access network Intelligent Controller(FRIC).We schematically demonstrate the reinforcement learning,external applications(xApps),and automation steps to implement this disaggregated O-RAN architecture.The idea of this research paper is to implement an AI/ML enabled automation system for software defined disaggregated O-RAN,which monitors,manages,and performs AI/ML-related services,including the model deployment,optimization,inference,and training.
文摘针对现有保温被覆盖方式无法实现翻越拱面顶部覆盖,且卷起后的保温被放置在屋顶给屋面造成额外荷载和室内遮阴的问题,设计一套拱型温室外保温被翻越式铺卷系统(Over-the-top rolling system,ORS)。对ORS的工作方式和零部件参数进行研究,在计算模拟的基础上,选用了蓬松厚度为10mm、压实厚度为2mm的保温被,直径为25mm、壁厚为1.5mm的不锈钢管,直径为2mm的钢丝绳,链号为06B的链条和配套29齿的链轮,功率为400W的电机,并设计了螺距为2mm、22圈宽2mm、深1mm的螺纹、拔摸角度为30°的塔轮,在微缩拱型温室上安装ORS进行模拟试验运行。结果表明:1)ORS采用拉铺覆盖和卷收打开保温被的工作方式实现了保温被翻越屋顶的一体化覆盖,提高了保温被的整体保温性;2)相比保温被放置在屋顶的方式,ORS放置在天沟上减少了屋面拱架荷载42 N/m^2,避免了保温被放置在屋顶造成的33%室内遮阴;3)保温被卷起后平均最大直径为116.2mm,小于模型温室天沟的宽度(320mm),不额外遮阴;牵引绳的张力最大值为736.119N,小于所选择钢丝绳(φ=2mm)的最小破断拉力2296N;ORS最大工作功率为384W,扭矩传感器最大测量值为8849.138N·m,所选电机的额定功率为400W、最大容许扭矩为6×105 N·m,验证了所选规格保温被的厚度、钢丝绳的直径、电机功率和的最大容许扭矩的选型是合理的;4)保温被覆盖和打开的整个工作过程中卷被和卷绳的转速可以同步,验证了塔轮尺寸规格设计的合理性。
