Information is given on thermal radiation from the Sun, considered in practical engineering calculations of heat exchange. It was found that although the surface temperature of the Sun is assumed to be about 5800 K, t...Information is given on thermal radiation from the Sun, considered in practical engineering calculations of heat exchange. It was found that although the surface temperature of the Sun is assumed to be about 5800 K, the solar spectrum data measured by Kondratyev lead to a value of at least 7134 K. Such a higher value can be obtained by interpreting the Planck formula for the black radiation spectrum for the Kondratyev data. In addition, using the Stefan-Boltzmann law, the energetic emissivity of the Sun’s surface was determined to be 0.431. Furthermore, based on Petela’s formulae for exergy of thermal radiation, the exergetic emissivity of the Sun’s surface was also calculated at the level of 0.426.展开更多
A model of a potentially effective type energy-resource-saving of optimization of agro-technologies, based on the principle subordination of synergetics, was established. There was developed computer system energy-res...A model of a potentially effective type energy-resource-saving of optimization of agro-technologies, based on the principle subordination of synergetics, was established. There was developed computer system energy-resource-saving optimization of agricultural technologies. The main feature of crop production is provided by the plants which themselves are self-organizing organisms. This allows us to adopt the principle of subordination of synergetics as the basis of the model. The value of free energy at the input into plants, estimated by the process of photosynthesis, is equal to the value of “radiation exergy for plant growth”. Assessment of the use of radiation energy is carried out based on the energy-converting characteristics of plants, which were obtained in climate chambers under controlled conditions. We used the model based on the principle of subordination of synergetics to develop common quantitative mutually agreed definitions of the main agroecological variables: Agroclimatic and Meliorative potentials of lands, their fertility, and potential (maximum) productivity of plants under different environment conditions.展开更多
文摘Information is given on thermal radiation from the Sun, considered in practical engineering calculations of heat exchange. It was found that although the surface temperature of the Sun is assumed to be about 5800 K, the solar spectrum data measured by Kondratyev lead to a value of at least 7134 K. Such a higher value can be obtained by interpreting the Planck formula for the black radiation spectrum for the Kondratyev data. In addition, using the Stefan-Boltzmann law, the energetic emissivity of the Sun’s surface was determined to be 0.431. Furthermore, based on Petela’s formulae for exergy of thermal radiation, the exergetic emissivity of the Sun’s surface was also calculated at the level of 0.426.
文摘A model of a potentially effective type energy-resource-saving of optimization of agro-technologies, based on the principle subordination of synergetics, was established. There was developed computer system energy-resource-saving optimization of agricultural technologies. The main feature of crop production is provided by the plants which themselves are self-organizing organisms. This allows us to adopt the principle of subordination of synergetics as the basis of the model. The value of free energy at the input into plants, estimated by the process of photosynthesis, is equal to the value of “radiation exergy for plant growth”. Assessment of the use of radiation energy is carried out based on the energy-converting characteristics of plants, which were obtained in climate chambers under controlled conditions. We used the model based on the principle of subordination of synergetics to develop common quantitative mutually agreed definitions of the main agroecological variables: Agroclimatic and Meliorative potentials of lands, their fertility, and potential (maximum) productivity of plants under different environment conditions.
