Context: Fine particles (PM2.5 and PM10) can accumulate in classrooms and in schoolyards located near urban roads. PM2.5 and PM10 can initiate, develop and exacerbate exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). This study ai...Context: Fine particles (PM2.5 and PM10) can accumulate in classrooms and in schoolyards located near urban roads. PM2.5 and PM10 can initiate, develop and exacerbate exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). This study aimed to assess the concentration levels of PM2.5 and PM10 in schools and to determine the rate of sensitivity to EIB among schoolchildren. Methods: A total of 128 students (67 girls and 61 boys) with an average age of 11 participated in this study. An ISAAC II questionnaire on respiratory symptoms was administered. PM2.5 and PM10 were measured. A 6-minute stress test was performed. Spirometry was performed. The ratio (I/O) of the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 recorded inside (I) the classrooms to those obtained outside (O) the classrooms was equal to 1 (I/O = 1). Results: The concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 recorded inside the classrooms and those obtained outside the classrooms were higher than the values recommended by the WHO. 29 students out of 128 were diagnosed as sensitive to EIB [EIB (+)], i.e., a rate of sensitivity to EIB of 22.66%. A drop in postexercise PEF of 17.396% was observed among EIB (+) students. Conclusion: Schoolchildren in schools located near highways are exposed to high levels of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations. Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 played an important role in the initiation and exacerbation of exercise-induced bronchospasm in schoolchildren from schools located near highways. Effective programs for improving air quality in schools must be put in place to reduce the effects of particulate pollution on the respiratory health of school children.展开更多
Background: Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm (EIB) is an inflammatory condition characterized by severe airway constriction following the mobilization of inflammatory cells and interleukin-6 (IL-6). When severe, EIB can ...Background: Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm (EIB) is an inflammatory condition characterized by severe airway constriction following the mobilization of inflammatory cells and interleukin-6 (IL-6). When severe, EIB can require the use of pressurized salbutamol to treat athletes. This study investigated the nature of the systemic changes in inflammatory cells and post-exercise IL-6 concentrations after salbutamol treatment in EIB-susceptible distance runners. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study that enrolled 12 long-distance runners. In Session A, the participants completed a treadmill exercise test, and those who had a maximum expiratory volume per second (FEV1) that was decreased by at least 10% compared to their base value were placed in the EIB-susceptible group (EIB+) (n = 6). Those whose FEV1 did not meet this criterion were placed in the nonresponsive (EIB?) group (n = 6). Before the Session B exercise, athletes in the BIE+ group inhaled two puffs of salbutamol (EIB+ Salb), while their EIB? counterparts received no treatment. Spirometry was performed before and after the exercise using a Spirobank G portable spirometer. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after and 2 hours after the stress test. Results: The mean post-exercise FEV1 values were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between the EIB+ Salb group and the EIB? group. The systemic changes in inflammatory cells and IL-6 concentrations in the EIB+ runners after salbutamol treatment were similar to those observed in their EIB? counterparts. Conclusion: Salbutamol pretreatment improved the systemic immune status of EIB-susceptible athletes.展开更多
文摘Context: Fine particles (PM2.5 and PM10) can accumulate in classrooms and in schoolyards located near urban roads. PM2.5 and PM10 can initiate, develop and exacerbate exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). This study aimed to assess the concentration levels of PM2.5 and PM10 in schools and to determine the rate of sensitivity to EIB among schoolchildren. Methods: A total of 128 students (67 girls and 61 boys) with an average age of 11 participated in this study. An ISAAC II questionnaire on respiratory symptoms was administered. PM2.5 and PM10 were measured. A 6-minute stress test was performed. Spirometry was performed. The ratio (I/O) of the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 recorded inside (I) the classrooms to those obtained outside (O) the classrooms was equal to 1 (I/O = 1). Results: The concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 recorded inside the classrooms and those obtained outside the classrooms were higher than the values recommended by the WHO. 29 students out of 128 were diagnosed as sensitive to EIB [EIB (+)], i.e., a rate of sensitivity to EIB of 22.66%. A drop in postexercise PEF of 17.396% was observed among EIB (+) students. Conclusion: Schoolchildren in schools located near highways are exposed to high levels of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations. Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 played an important role in the initiation and exacerbation of exercise-induced bronchospasm in schoolchildren from schools located near highways. Effective programs for improving air quality in schools must be put in place to reduce the effects of particulate pollution on the respiratory health of school children.
文摘Background: Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm (EIB) is an inflammatory condition characterized by severe airway constriction following the mobilization of inflammatory cells and interleukin-6 (IL-6). When severe, EIB can require the use of pressurized salbutamol to treat athletes. This study investigated the nature of the systemic changes in inflammatory cells and post-exercise IL-6 concentrations after salbutamol treatment in EIB-susceptible distance runners. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study that enrolled 12 long-distance runners. In Session A, the participants completed a treadmill exercise test, and those who had a maximum expiratory volume per second (FEV1) that was decreased by at least 10% compared to their base value were placed in the EIB-susceptible group (EIB+) (n = 6). Those whose FEV1 did not meet this criterion were placed in the nonresponsive (EIB?) group (n = 6). Before the Session B exercise, athletes in the BIE+ group inhaled two puffs of salbutamol (EIB+ Salb), while their EIB? counterparts received no treatment. Spirometry was performed before and after the exercise using a Spirobank G portable spirometer. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after and 2 hours after the stress test. Results: The mean post-exercise FEV1 values were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between the EIB+ Salb group and the EIB? group. The systemic changes in inflammatory cells and IL-6 concentrations in the EIB+ runners after salbutamol treatment were similar to those observed in their EIB? counterparts. Conclusion: Salbutamol pretreatment improved the systemic immune status of EIB-susceptible athletes.
