Botryosphaeriales was introduced in 2006 for a single family Botryosphaeriaceae.Since then the number of families has increased as a result of the transfer of one family(Planistromellaceae)into the order,re-instatemen...Botryosphaeriales was introduced in 2006 for a single family Botryosphaeriaceae.Since then the number of families has increased as a result of the transfer of one family(Planistromellaceae)into the order,re-instatement of another(Phyllostictaceae),while others resulted from raising genera to family status(Aplosporellaceae,Endomelanconiopsisaceae,Melanopsaceae,Pseudofusicoccumaceae,Saccharataceae and Septorioideaceae).All these decisions were based solely on phylogenetic analyses of several different loci.There has been no consensus on which loci are suitable markers at this taxonomic level and in some cases the datasets used to construct the phylogenies were incomplete.In this paper,the families of Botryosphaeriales were re-assessed in terms of morphology of the sexual morphs,phylogenetic relationships based on ITS and LSU sequence data,and evolutionary divergence times of lineages in relation to major events in the evolution of their hosts on a geological timescale.Six main lineages were resolved in the phylogenetic analyses and these correspond to six groups as defined on morphology of the sexual morphs.These lineages evolved during the Late epoch of the Cretaceous period and survived the catastrophic event that led to the mass extinction of non-avian dinosaurs and a great loss of plant diversity at the end of the Cretaceous period.They then diversified during the Paleocene and Eocene epochs of the Paleogene period.These six lineages are considered to represent families in Botryosphaeriales.Therefore,six families(Aplosporellaceae,Botryosphaeriaceae,Melanopsaceae,Phyllostictaceae,Planistromellaceae and Saccharataceae)are accepted in Botryosphaeriales,while three(Endomelanconiopsisaceae,Pseudofusicoccumaceae and Septorioideaceae)are reduced to synonymy under existing families.展开更多
Evolutionary convergence is one of the most striking examples of adaptation driven by natural selection.However, genomic evidence for convergent adaptation to extreme environments remains scarce.Here, we assembled ref...Evolutionary convergence is one of the most striking examples of adaptation driven by natural selection.However, genomic evidence for convergent adaptation to extreme environments remains scarce.Here, we assembled reference genomes of two alpine plants, Saussurea obvallata(Asteraceae)and Rheum alexandrae(Polygonaceae), with 37,938 and 61,463 annotated protein-coding genes. By integrating an additional five alpine genomes,we elucidated genomic convergence underlying high-altitude adaptation in alpine plants. Our results detected convergent contractions of diseaseresistance genes in alpine genomes, which might be an energy-saving strategy for surviving in hostile environments with only a few pathogens present.We identified signatures of positive selection on a set of genes involved in reproduction and respiration(e.g., MMD1, NBS1, and HPR), and revealed signatures of molecular convergence on genes involved in self-incompatibility, cell wall modification,DNA repair and stress resistance, which may underlie adaptation to extreme cold, high ultraviolet radiation and hypoxia environments. Incorporating transcriptomic data, we further demonstrated that genes associated with cuticular wax and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways exhibit higher expression levels in leafy bracts, shedding light on the genetic mechanisms of the adaptive “greenhouse” morphology. Our integrative data provide novel insights into convergent evolution at a high-taxonomic level,aiding in a deep understanding of genetic adaptation to complex environments.展开更多
基金the support from Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute(BioISI,FCT/UID/Multi/04046/2013)financial support by European Funds(ERDF)through COMPETE and by National Funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)to research unit CESAM(UID/AMB/50017/2013-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007638)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31600032)Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(LH[2015]7061)the support of the Thailand Research Fund grant no RSA5980068 entitled"Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes on above parts of Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticans"。
文摘Botryosphaeriales was introduced in 2006 for a single family Botryosphaeriaceae.Since then the number of families has increased as a result of the transfer of one family(Planistromellaceae)into the order,re-instatement of another(Phyllostictaceae),while others resulted from raising genera to family status(Aplosporellaceae,Endomelanconiopsisaceae,Melanopsaceae,Pseudofusicoccumaceae,Saccharataceae and Septorioideaceae).All these decisions were based solely on phylogenetic analyses of several different loci.There has been no consensus on which loci are suitable markers at this taxonomic level and in some cases the datasets used to construct the phylogenies were incomplete.In this paper,the families of Botryosphaeriales were re-assessed in terms of morphology of the sexual morphs,phylogenetic relationships based on ITS and LSU sequence data,and evolutionary divergence times of lineages in relation to major events in the evolution of their hosts on a geological timescale.Six main lineages were resolved in the phylogenetic analyses and these correspond to six groups as defined on morphology of the sexual morphs.These lineages evolved during the Late epoch of the Cretaceous period and survived the catastrophic event that led to the mass extinction of non-avian dinosaurs and a great loss of plant diversity at the end of the Cretaceous period.They then diversified during the Paleocene and Eocene epochs of the Paleogene period.These six lineages are considered to represent families in Botryosphaeriales.Therefore,six families(Aplosporellaceae,Botryosphaeriaceae,Melanopsaceae,Phyllostictaceae,Planistromellaceae and Saccharataceae)are accepted in Botryosphaeriales,while three(Endomelanconiopsisaceae,Pseudofusicoccumaceae and Septorioideaceae)are reduced to synonymy under existing families.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research program (2019QZKK0502)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20050203)+3 种基金the Key Projects of the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1802232)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (2019382)the Yunnan Young & Elite Talents Project (YNWR-QNBJ-2019-033)the Ten Thousand Talents Program of Yunnan Province (202005AB160005)。
文摘Evolutionary convergence is one of the most striking examples of adaptation driven by natural selection.However, genomic evidence for convergent adaptation to extreme environments remains scarce.Here, we assembled reference genomes of two alpine plants, Saussurea obvallata(Asteraceae)and Rheum alexandrae(Polygonaceae), with 37,938 and 61,463 annotated protein-coding genes. By integrating an additional five alpine genomes,we elucidated genomic convergence underlying high-altitude adaptation in alpine plants. Our results detected convergent contractions of diseaseresistance genes in alpine genomes, which might be an energy-saving strategy for surviving in hostile environments with only a few pathogens present.We identified signatures of positive selection on a set of genes involved in reproduction and respiration(e.g., MMD1, NBS1, and HPR), and revealed signatures of molecular convergence on genes involved in self-incompatibility, cell wall modification,DNA repair and stress resistance, which may underlie adaptation to extreme cold, high ultraviolet radiation and hypoxia environments. Incorporating transcriptomic data, we further demonstrated that genes associated with cuticular wax and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways exhibit higher expression levels in leafy bracts, shedding light on the genetic mechanisms of the adaptive “greenhouse” morphology. Our integrative data provide novel insights into convergent evolution at a high-taxonomic level,aiding in a deep understanding of genetic adaptation to complex environments.
