目的听性稳态诱发反应(auditory steadystat eresponse,ASSR)新技术与视觉强化测听(visionrein for cementaudiometry,VRA)阈值的相关性分析研究,探讨听神经病症侯群及其鉴别诊断。方法10例(20耳)对照组,年龄6～12个月,测得ASSR和VRA的...目的听性稳态诱发反应(auditory steadystat eresponse,ASSR)新技术与视觉强化测听(visionrein for cementaudiometry,VRA)阈值的相关性分析研究,探讨听神经病症侯群及其鉴别诊断。方法10例(20耳)对照组,年龄6～12个月,测得ASSR和VRA的正常阈值。16例(26耳)异常听力组患儿(年龄在3～6个月),根据其所患疾病分为3个亚组:Ⅰ组为早孕感染组5例(8耳),Ⅱ组为窒息缺氧组5例(10耳),Ⅲ组为高胆红素血症组6例(8耳),检测畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)、听性脑干反应(ABR)潜伏期、肌反射值与ASSR和VRA及其相关性结果对照。结果Ⅰ组中2例次(2耳次)为单纯疱疹病毒感染。5例次(8耳次)DPOAE消失,4例次(6耳次)ABR波Ⅰ潜伏期延长、ⅠⅤ波间潜伏期缩短,3例次(6耳次)500Hz和1000Hz的镫骨肌反射正常,2例次(2耳次)镫骨肌反射阈偏高,初步推测单纯耳蜗性病变,排除听神经病可能,测得ASSR平均估计阈值与VRA平均阈值具有很好的相关性(r=0.95～0.98)。Ⅱ组中4例次(8耳次)畸变产物耳声发射消失,其中1例次(2耳次)ABR波Ⅰ、波Ⅲ、波Ⅴ消失和肌反射消失,3例次(5耳次)ABR波Ⅰ消失和波Ⅲ及波Ⅴ潜伏期延长,以及肌反射消失。2例次(3耳次)ⅠⅢ波间潜伏期延长,肌反射也消失。推测可能为听神经病症侯群(耳蜗至脑干下听觉传导通路受损)伴有耳蜗功能障碍,测得ASSR平均估计阈值与VRA平均阈值具有较好的相关性(r=0.72～0.84)。Ⅲ组中6例次(8耳次)DPOAE存在,4例次(5耳次)ABR波Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ和肌反射消失,2例次(3耳次)ⅠⅤ波间潜伏期延长,镫骨肌反射阈正常偏高,初步分析推测为听神经病症侯群病损在脑干以上,测得ASSR平均估计阈值与VRA平均阈值具有很弱的相关性(r=0.43～0.64),ASSR阈值和VRA阈值不一致,进一步说明这组的病损应该在脑干或皮层。3个亚组的每个频率(0.25、0.5、1、2、4kHz)平均ASSR和VRA阈值差值比较,差异都具有统计学意义(F检验,P<0.05展开更多
Parvalbumin-positive retinal ganglion cells(PV+RGCs)are an essential subset of RGCs found in various species.However,their role in transmitting visual information remains unclear.Here,we characterized PV+RGCs in the r...Parvalbumin-positive retinal ganglion cells(PV+RGCs)are an essential subset of RGCs found in various species.However,their role in transmitting visual information remains unclear.Here,we characterized PV+RGCs in the retina and explored the functions of the PV+RGC-mediated visual pathway.By applying multiple viral tracing strategies,we investigated the downstream of PV+RGCs across the whole brain.Interestingly,we found that the PV+RGCs provided direct monosynaptic input to PV+excitatory neurons in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus(SC).Ablation or suppression of SC-projecting PV+RGCs abolished or severely impaired the flight response to looming visual stimuli in mice without affecting visual acuity.Furthermore,using transcriptome expression profiling of individual cells and immunofluorescence colocalization for RGCs,we found that PV+RGCs are predominant glutamatergic neurons.Thus,our findings indicate the critical role of PV+RGCs in an innate defensive response and suggest a non-canonical subcortical visual pathway from excitatory PV+RGCs to PV+SC neurons that regulates looming visual stimuli.These results provide a potential target for intervening and treating diseases related to this circuit,such as schizophrenia and autism.展开更多
The dynamic changes in CAP, and EP in the scale media were examined with single micropipet during anoxia and reventilation with oxygen. Also, the morphologic changes in IHC, OHC and synapse were observed in this exper...The dynamic changes in CAP, and EP in the scale media were examined with single micropipet during anoxia and reventilation with oxygen. Also, the morphologic changes in IHC, OHC and synapse were observed in this experiment. It was found that the amplitude of SP and EP values declined with alteration in polarity of these value. The changes in polarity and amplitude of SP followed the changes of CAP threshold induced by anoxia. The histologic examinations revcaled no cvidence of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) alteration in the synapse and no succinict dehydrogenase (SDH) changes in IHC appeared. However, the activity of SDH in the OHC decreased. The results suggest that the polarity and amplitude of SP were influenced passively by the changes of EP value. In addition, the change of SP polarity from positive tonegative during anoxia is due to the loss of mudulation process of OHC to IHC, while the SP polarity from negative to positive during the supply of oxygen is caused by regain of the modulation process of OHC.展开更多
This exploratory study examined the short-term reliability of cortical auditory evoked responses recorded from patients undergoing whole-head scalp elec-troencephalography (EEG) monitoring to assess their candidacy fo...This exploratory study examined the short-term reliability of cortical auditory evoked responses recorded from patients undergoing whole-head scalp elec-troencephalography (EEG) monitoring to assess their candidacy for surgical treatment of intractable focal seizures. Participants were 26 patients with either left-sided (N = 13) or right-sided focal epilepsy admitted to the hospital for continuous scalp EEG monitoring for possible epilepsy surgery planning. Cortical auditory evoked responses were recorded over multiple days from scalp EEG electrodes using tones presented binaurally in a passive oddball paradigm. Test-retest intervals were 1 - 6 days (mean 2 days). Test-retest reproducibility of the auditory N1 response was assessed by paired t-test (latency) and cross-correlation analysis (amplitude and latency). Within-patient comparisons of test-retest auditory N1 peak latencies revealed no significant differences. The cross-correlation coefficient indicated high test-retest reproducibility of the N1 waveform (rcc = 0.88). Seizure lateralization was not associated with asymmetries in N1 latencies or amplitudes. An N1 amplitude asymmetry (right > left) in patients with focal seizures originating from the left hemisphere was initially observed, but disappeared when patients with prior resections were excluded, suggesting that reduced left hemisphere tissue volume may account for the smaller N1 amplitudes. Test-retest reliability of cortical auditory evoked responses was unexpectedly high in patients with focal epilepsy regardless of seizure lateralization or localization. These findings challenge the view that neural responses are intrinsically unstable (unreliable) in patients with seizures.展开更多
Auditory cortical cvokod rcsponse(ACER) and auditory brainstom cvoked response (ABR) were recorded in guinea pigs before and after irradiation of ^(60)Co γ-ray. A single dose of irradiation on head was 90Gy and 70Gy ...Auditory cortical cvokod rcsponse(ACER) and auditory brainstom cvoked response (ABR) were recorded in guinea pigs before and after irradiation of ^(60)Co γ-ray. A single dose of irradiation on head was 90Gy and 70Gy in two groups, respectively. Two h after irradiation. the threshold shift was 12. 5 dB and 9 dB, and the ACER post-irradiation amplitude ex- ceeded the maximum pre-irradiation value by 20% and 37%. Six h after irradiation, the threshold shift increased to 37 dB and the maximum amplitnde decreased to the level of pre-irradiation in 70Gy-group. In another group, right auditory bulla arca was irradiated with a total dose of 45Gy in a course of six fractions/two weeks. Fourteen d after irradiation, the threshold shift of ABR was 118 dB and the latency of wave I was longer. The amplitude-intensity curve was after irradiation. Histological observation using scanning showed that only outer hair- cells in the basal coil of the cochlea were 6 h after irrdiation 50Gy-group. Bul 16 h later, outer, hair cells in all coils of the cochlea were found to be destroyed extensively and inner cells were destroyed slightly. In 45Gy-group, 14 d after irradiation, outer hair cells in all coils of the cochlea were damaged and no inmer hair cell was injured severely.展开更多
文摘目的听性稳态诱发反应(auditory steadystat eresponse,ASSR)新技术与视觉强化测听(visionrein for cementaudiometry,VRA)阈值的相关性分析研究,探讨听神经病症侯群及其鉴别诊断。方法10例(20耳)对照组,年龄6～12个月,测得ASSR和VRA的正常阈值。16例(26耳)异常听力组患儿(年龄在3～6个月),根据其所患疾病分为3个亚组:Ⅰ组为早孕感染组5例(8耳),Ⅱ组为窒息缺氧组5例(10耳),Ⅲ组为高胆红素血症组6例(8耳),检测畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)、听性脑干反应(ABR)潜伏期、肌反射值与ASSR和VRA及其相关性结果对照。结果Ⅰ组中2例次(2耳次)为单纯疱疹病毒感染。5例次(8耳次)DPOAE消失,4例次(6耳次)ABR波Ⅰ潜伏期延长、ⅠⅤ波间潜伏期缩短,3例次(6耳次)500Hz和1000Hz的镫骨肌反射正常,2例次(2耳次)镫骨肌反射阈偏高,初步推测单纯耳蜗性病变,排除听神经病可能,测得ASSR平均估计阈值与VRA平均阈值具有很好的相关性(r=0.95～0.98)。Ⅱ组中4例次(8耳次)畸变产物耳声发射消失,其中1例次(2耳次)ABR波Ⅰ、波Ⅲ、波Ⅴ消失和肌反射消失,3例次(5耳次)ABR波Ⅰ消失和波Ⅲ及波Ⅴ潜伏期延长,以及肌反射消失。2例次(3耳次)ⅠⅢ波间潜伏期延长,肌反射也消失。推测可能为听神经病症侯群(耳蜗至脑干下听觉传导通路受损)伴有耳蜗功能障碍,测得ASSR平均估计阈值与VRA平均阈值具有较好的相关性(r=0.72～0.84)。Ⅲ组中6例次(8耳次)DPOAE存在,4例次(5耳次)ABR波Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ和肌反射消失,2例次(3耳次)ⅠⅤ波间潜伏期延长,镫骨肌反射阈正常偏高,初步分析推测为听神经病症侯群病损在脑干以上,测得ASSR平均估计阈值与VRA平均阈值具有很弱的相关性(r=0.43～0.64),ASSR阈值和VRA阈值不一致,进一步说明这组的病损应该在脑干或皮层。3个亚组的每个频率(0.25、0.5、1、2、4kHz)平均ASSR和VRA阈值差值比较,差异都具有统计学意义(F检验,P<0.05
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFE0103400)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(81470628).
文摘Parvalbumin-positive retinal ganglion cells(PV+RGCs)are an essential subset of RGCs found in various species.However,their role in transmitting visual information remains unclear.Here,we characterized PV+RGCs in the retina and explored the functions of the PV+RGC-mediated visual pathway.By applying multiple viral tracing strategies,we investigated the downstream of PV+RGCs across the whole brain.Interestingly,we found that the PV+RGCs provided direct monosynaptic input to PV+excitatory neurons in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus(SC).Ablation or suppression of SC-projecting PV+RGCs abolished or severely impaired the flight response to looming visual stimuli in mice without affecting visual acuity.Furthermore,using transcriptome expression profiling of individual cells and immunofluorescence colocalization for RGCs,we found that PV+RGCs are predominant glutamatergic neurons.Thus,our findings indicate the critical role of PV+RGCs in an innate defensive response and suggest a non-canonical subcortical visual pathway from excitatory PV+RGCs to PV+SC neurons that regulates looming visual stimuli.These results provide a potential target for intervening and treating diseases related to this circuit,such as schizophrenia and autism.
文摘The dynamic changes in CAP, and EP in the scale media were examined with single micropipet during anoxia and reventilation with oxygen. Also, the morphologic changes in IHC, OHC and synapse were observed in this experiment. It was found that the amplitude of SP and EP values declined with alteration in polarity of these value. The changes in polarity and amplitude of SP followed the changes of CAP threshold induced by anoxia. The histologic examinations revcaled no cvidence of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) alteration in the synapse and no succinict dehydrogenase (SDH) changes in IHC appeared. However, the activity of SDH in the OHC decreased. The results suggest that the polarity and amplitude of SP were influenced passively by the changes of EP value. In addition, the change of SP polarity from positive tonegative during anoxia is due to the loss of mudulation process of OHC to IHC, while the SP polarity from negative to positive during the supply of oxygen is caused by regain of the modulation process of OHC.
文摘This exploratory study examined the short-term reliability of cortical auditory evoked responses recorded from patients undergoing whole-head scalp elec-troencephalography (EEG) monitoring to assess their candidacy for surgical treatment of intractable focal seizures. Participants were 26 patients with either left-sided (N = 13) or right-sided focal epilepsy admitted to the hospital for continuous scalp EEG monitoring for possible epilepsy surgery planning. Cortical auditory evoked responses were recorded over multiple days from scalp EEG electrodes using tones presented binaurally in a passive oddball paradigm. Test-retest intervals were 1 - 6 days (mean 2 days). Test-retest reproducibility of the auditory N1 response was assessed by paired t-test (latency) and cross-correlation analysis (amplitude and latency). Within-patient comparisons of test-retest auditory N1 peak latencies revealed no significant differences. The cross-correlation coefficient indicated high test-retest reproducibility of the N1 waveform (rcc = 0.88). Seizure lateralization was not associated with asymmetries in N1 latencies or amplitudes. An N1 amplitude asymmetry (right > left) in patients with focal seizures originating from the left hemisphere was initially observed, but disappeared when patients with prior resections were excluded, suggesting that reduced left hemisphere tissue volume may account for the smaller N1 amplitudes. Test-retest reliability of cortical auditory evoked responses was unexpectedly high in patients with focal epilepsy regardless of seizure lateralization or localization. These findings challenge the view that neural responses are intrinsically unstable (unreliable) in patients with seizures.
文摘Auditory cortical cvokod rcsponse(ACER) and auditory brainstom cvoked response (ABR) were recorded in guinea pigs before and after irradiation of ^(60)Co γ-ray. A single dose of irradiation on head was 90Gy and 70Gy in two groups, respectively. Two h after irradiation. the threshold shift was 12. 5 dB and 9 dB, and the ACER post-irradiation amplitude ex- ceeded the maximum pre-irradiation value by 20% and 37%. Six h after irradiation, the threshold shift increased to 37 dB and the maximum amplitnde decreased to the level of pre-irradiation in 70Gy-group. In another group, right auditory bulla arca was irradiated with a total dose of 45Gy in a course of six fractions/two weeks. Fourteen d after irradiation, the threshold shift of ABR was 118 dB and the latency of wave I was longer. The amplitude-intensity curve was after irradiation. Histological observation using scanning showed that only outer hair- cells in the basal coil of the cochlea were 6 h after irrdiation 50Gy-group. Bul 16 h later, outer, hair cells in all coils of the cochlea were found to be destroyed extensively and inner cells were destroyed slightly. In 45Gy-group, 14 d after irradiation, outer hair cells in all coils of the cochlea were damaged and no inmer hair cell was injured severely.
