Background: Obesity, diabetes, asthma, autism, birth defects, dyslexia, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia have increased in children in the last half century. These increases may depend on the...Background: Obesity, diabetes, asthma, autism, birth defects, dyslexia, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia have increased in children in the last half century. These increases may depend on the widespread, well known error in energy balance: the unremitting addition of fat at any will (decision) to eat. In most (60%) but not all people, the decision arises as conditioned before energy exhaustion of the energy available from previous meals. After meal suspension for few hours (up to 48 hours), healthy subjects identified the arousal of sensations of hunger that we named Initial Hunger (IH). After this identification, subjects distinguished IH from conditioned sensations before subsequent meals by mental comparison of the current arousal with the remembered IH. BG decreased to 76.6 ± 3.7 mg/dL and hunger sensations (Initial hunger, IH) arose spontaneously and corresponded to the complete exhaustion of the previous meals. Objective: Not Insulin Dependent (NID) diabetic people differ from fattening people in this: after meal suspension, they do not develop any hunger sensation nor the associated low blood glucose (BG). Methods: Meal suspension lets IH arise and after no arousal, reduction of energy intake. The two subjects consumed meals that provided at least 20 grams of animal protein and up to one kg of not-starchy vegetable (NSV) for 6 to 12 months. At reappearance of IH, we implemented an Initial Hunger Meal Pattern (IHMP). Results: We tried to implement IHMP training in two obese (BMI of 39 and 33) adults out of two consecutive recruitments of subjects who showed high fasting BG. We found an absence of BG decline to 76.6 ± 3.7 mg/dL and an absence of any hunger sensation after eating suspension. Both subjects lost 13% - 20% of their body weight and recovered 76.6 ± 3.7 mg/dL of BG and hunger sensations, i.e., went off diabetes. IHMP maintained the decreased body weight in the subsequent months. Conclusion: Diabetes develops for inveterate conditioned intake (when previous energy intak展开更多
Background: Obesity, diabetes, asthma, autism, birth defects, dyslexia, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia have increased in children in the last half century. The will (decision) to eat devel...Background: Obesity, diabetes, asthma, autism, birth defects, dyslexia, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia have increased in children in the last half century. The will (decision) to eat develops often when previous energy intake has been incompletely exhausted. Objective: The will to eat develops after stimuli (often external) that do not correlate with energy availability in blood. Training a relation between hunger sensations (Initial Hunger, IH) and Blood Glucose (BG) as an index of energy availability allows an IH Meal Pattern that is associated with low mean BG and insulin sensitivity. Lack of any relation between the will to eat and the energy availability is a widespread error that may be responsible of health deterioration in children as well as in adults. Methods: After meal suspension and with synchronous blood glucose (BG) measurements, we taught patients to distinguish hunger sensations that are conditioned from those that arise after meal suspension (Initial Hunger, IH). This hunger (after meal suspension) signals a complete exhaustion of previous intake and is appropriate for meal onset to obtain meal-by-meal fasting nutrient levels and low BG prior to the next meal and establish an even balance. This pattern has been termed the Initial Hunger Meal Pattern (IHMP). Results: In contrast with untrained control subjects, trained subjects accurately recognized IH by synchronous BG measurements. We report here the identification of Initial Hunger (the subjective limit), the daily adjustments to three arousals for weeks and months, the diffusion of the error in untrained child and adult population, the validations of the IH and BG assessments and the improvements of 18 parameters by IHMP. Conclusion: The will to eat develops as a conditioned event and this conditioned will causes positive energy imbalance and insulin resistance/fattening. The imbalancing will to eat may be corrected by becoming aware of differences between the conditioned sensations of hunger and the sensations th展开更多
文摘Background: Obesity, diabetes, asthma, autism, birth defects, dyslexia, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia have increased in children in the last half century. These increases may depend on the widespread, well known error in energy balance: the unremitting addition of fat at any will (decision) to eat. In most (60%) but not all people, the decision arises as conditioned before energy exhaustion of the energy available from previous meals. After meal suspension for few hours (up to 48 hours), healthy subjects identified the arousal of sensations of hunger that we named Initial Hunger (IH). After this identification, subjects distinguished IH from conditioned sensations before subsequent meals by mental comparison of the current arousal with the remembered IH. BG decreased to 76.6 ± 3.7 mg/dL and hunger sensations (Initial hunger, IH) arose spontaneously and corresponded to the complete exhaustion of the previous meals. Objective: Not Insulin Dependent (NID) diabetic people differ from fattening people in this: after meal suspension, they do not develop any hunger sensation nor the associated low blood glucose (BG). Methods: Meal suspension lets IH arise and after no arousal, reduction of energy intake. The two subjects consumed meals that provided at least 20 grams of animal protein and up to one kg of not-starchy vegetable (NSV) for 6 to 12 months. At reappearance of IH, we implemented an Initial Hunger Meal Pattern (IHMP). Results: We tried to implement IHMP training in two obese (BMI of 39 and 33) adults out of two consecutive recruitments of subjects who showed high fasting BG. We found an absence of BG decline to 76.6 ± 3.7 mg/dL and an absence of any hunger sensation after eating suspension. Both subjects lost 13% - 20% of their body weight and recovered 76.6 ± 3.7 mg/dL of BG and hunger sensations, i.e., went off diabetes. IHMP maintained the decreased body weight in the subsequent months. Conclusion: Diabetes develops for inveterate conditioned intake (when previous energy intak
文摘Background: Obesity, diabetes, asthma, autism, birth defects, dyslexia, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia have increased in children in the last half century. The will (decision) to eat develops often when previous energy intake has been incompletely exhausted. Objective: The will to eat develops after stimuli (often external) that do not correlate with energy availability in blood. Training a relation between hunger sensations (Initial Hunger, IH) and Blood Glucose (BG) as an index of energy availability allows an IH Meal Pattern that is associated with low mean BG and insulin sensitivity. Lack of any relation between the will to eat and the energy availability is a widespread error that may be responsible of health deterioration in children as well as in adults. Methods: After meal suspension and with synchronous blood glucose (BG) measurements, we taught patients to distinguish hunger sensations that are conditioned from those that arise after meal suspension (Initial Hunger, IH). This hunger (after meal suspension) signals a complete exhaustion of previous intake and is appropriate for meal onset to obtain meal-by-meal fasting nutrient levels and low BG prior to the next meal and establish an even balance. This pattern has been termed the Initial Hunger Meal Pattern (IHMP). Results: In contrast with untrained control subjects, trained subjects accurately recognized IH by synchronous BG measurements. We report here the identification of Initial Hunger (the subjective limit), the daily adjustments to three arousals for weeks and months, the diffusion of the error in untrained child and adult population, the validations of the IH and BG assessments and the improvements of 18 parameters by IHMP. Conclusion: The will to eat develops as a conditioned event and this conditioned will causes positive energy imbalance and insulin resistance/fattening. The imbalancing will to eat may be corrected by becoming aware of differences between the conditioned sensations of hunger and the sensations th
