A novel simulation method is presented in this paper to evaluate the collection performance of monolithic active pixel sensor （MAPS） devices for minimum ionizing particle tracking. A simplified 3D matrix pixel struc...A novel simulation method is presented in this paper to evaluate the collection performance of monolithic active pixel sensor （MAPS） devices for minimum ionizing particle tracking. A simplified 3D matrix pixel structure is built using the computer aided design software Sentaurus. The virtual device is then divided into hundreds of parts and an independent customized X photon model is involved in each part to simulate the conditions under 55Fe radiation. After data processing and analysis, charge collection efficiency, collection time and diffusion conditions can be estimated in detail. In order to verify the reliability of the method, comparisons are made between the simulations and experiments. Although there are some defects, it can be concluded that the proposed idea is a feasible method for the evaluation of the MAPS collection performance.展开更多
The source rock model used in this project was developed by French Petroleum Research Institute. The total organic carbon content was estimated primarily and directly by using continuous conventional logging curves (s...The source rock model used in this project was developed by French Petroleum Research Institute. The total organic carbon content was estimated primarily and directly by using continuous conventional logging curves (such as sonic and resistivity curves), which are calibrated through the laboratory analysis data of organic carbon of cores, cuttings or sidewall cores. Regional evaluations have been carried out in downwarping basins abroad. The Haila′er Basin is a faulted basin and the evaluation of such a basin is a new subject. On the basis of a regional evaluation method for the downwarping basins, a new method suitable to faulted basins was developed. The effect is satisfactory when this new method is applied to the Wu′erxun Sag and the Bei′er Sag.展开更多
In this paper, we study the rooted nonseparable maps on the sphere and the projective plane with the valency of root-face and the number of edges as parameters. Explicit expression of enumerating functions are obtaine...In this paper, we study the rooted nonseparable maps on the sphere and the projective plane with the valency of root-face and the number of edges as parameters. Explicit expression of enumerating functions are obtained for such maps on the sphere and the projective plane. A parametric expression of the generating function is obtained for such maps on the projective plane, from which asymptotic evaluations are derived. Moreover, if the number of edges is sufficiently large, then almost all nonseparable maps on the projective plane are not triangulation.展开更多
The Tohoku-Oki earthquake （Mw 9.0） of March 11,2011, was the largest event in the history of Japan. This magnitude 9.0 mega-thrust earthquake initiated approximately 100 km off-shore of Miyagi prefecture and the rup...The Tohoku-Oki earthquake （Mw 9.0） of March 11,2011, was the largest event in the history of Japan. This magnitude 9.0 mega-thrust earthquake initiated approximately 100 km off-shore of Miyagi prefecture and the rupture extended 400-500 km along the Pacific plate. Due to the strong ground motions and tsunami associated by this event, approximately twenty thousand people were killed or missing and more than 220 thousands houses and buildings were totally or partially destroyed. This mega-thrust earthquake was not considered in the national seismic hazard maps for Japan that was published by the HERP （headquarters for earthquake research promotion） of Japan. By comparing the results of the seismic hazard assessment and observed strong ground motions, we understand that the results of assessment were underestimated in Fukushima prefecture and northern part of Ibaraki prefecture. Its cause primarily lies in that it failed to evaluate the Mw 9.0 mega-thrust earthquake in the long-term evaluation for seismic activities. On the other hand, another cause is that we could not make the functional framework which is prepared for treatment of uncertainty for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment work fully. Based on the lessons learned from this earthquake disaster and the experience that we have engaged in the seismic hazard mapping project of Japan, we consider problems and issues to be resolved for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment and make new proposals to improve probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for Japan.展开更多
The Grand Shangri-La(GSL) region has strong international tourist appeal. GSL has considerable international eco-tourist potential as well as being attractive for leisure, vacation, health, explorative, and scientific...The Grand Shangri-La(GSL) region has strong international tourist appeal. GSL has considerable international eco-tourist potential as well as being attractive for leisure, vacation, health, explorative, and scientific research activities in addition to high-end tourism experiences. These factors could promote the development of its regional tourism. GSL has been identified as a key area for tourism development in China. In this study, we investigated tourism climate conditions in GSL from 1980 to 2016 using a tourism climate index(TCI). We found that through global warming, the number of annual and monthly good-weather days, as assessed with the TCI, showed an increase over most of GSL;that trend was especially true for very good, excellent, and ideal days. The optimal travel period was May–October. We obtained the same result using cluster heat maps, in which we categorized 31 studied meteorological stations into eight types. However, heavy rainfall tended to occur during that optimal period, and it was concentrated at certain times. The annual total number of comfortable days greater than 300 was mainly located in southern GSL. We observed significant correlations between monthly and annual excellent and ideal days with latitude and elevation;in particular, we identified a significant nonlinear correlation between excellent(and ideal) days and elevation.展开更多
The evolution of daily synoptic weather patterns is the main driver of day-to-day weather change. These patterns are generally associated with changes in temperature, precipitation, etc., especially during extreme wea...The evolution of daily synoptic weather patterns is the main driver of day-to-day weather change. These patterns are generally associated with changes in temperature, precipitation, etc., especially during extreme weathers. Evaluating the ability of climate models to reproduce the frequency and intensity of daily synoptic patterns is essential for increasing confidence in future projections. In this study, we investigated the ability of 34 global climate models （GCMs） included in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） to simulate synoptic patterns over East Asia and their evolution features in winter and summer. Daily synoptic patterns in sea level pressure and their occurrence frequencies were identified by using an objective clustering algorithm, self-organizing maps （SOMs）. The evaluation consists of correlating the frequencies of these patterns in the 34 CMIP5 models with the frequencies in the NCEP reanalysis during the baseline period of 1980-1999. The results illustrated that most of these models were able to reproduce the synoptic patterns of the NCEP reanalysis. In addition, the frequencies of temporal sea level pressure （SLP） anomaly patterns were reproduced by most of the models over the baseline period, but the frequencies of spatial SLP anomaly patterns were only reproduced by a few GCMs. Overall, the models performed better in summer than in winter. Comprehensive evaluation shows that the four top-performing models for both winter and summer are bcc-csml-l-m, NorESM1-M, MRI-CGCM3, and CCSM4. They show good performance in simulating the daily synoptic patterns in SLP and in reproducing their occurrence frequencies. The results showed that the SOM was an effective tool for differentiating characteristics of synoptic circulation patterns and for evaluating the ability of climate models to simulate the frequency of daily synoptic patterns. The results can also help users to choose a better model for future climate projection and downscaling over East Asia.展开更多
油气集输系统中的风险因素数量庞杂,各风险因素相互关联,且对系统整体的安全功能作用不同。因此,对风险因素进行层次筛选是提高风险评价效率和准确性的有效途径。首先采用事故树分析(Fault Tree Analysis,FTA)系统辨识风险因素,根据Del...油气集输系统中的风险因素数量庞杂,各风险因素相互关联,且对系统整体的安全功能作用不同。因此,对风险因素进行层次筛选是提高风险评价效率和准确性的有效途径。首先采用事故树分析(Fault Tree Analysis,FTA)系统辨识风险因素,根据Delphi方法进行风险因素初次筛选,并对筛选出的风险因素进行聚簇。然后,利用模糊认知图(Fuzzy Cognition Maps,FCM)对风险因素进行二次筛选,基于权重排序得到风险评价因素集。最后,利用模糊综合评价方法(Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation,FCE)进行风险等级的定量计算,并对风险评价方法过程进行了分析设计。结果表明,该研究提高了油气集输系统风险评估工作的科学性,对制定较强针对性的风险控制策略具有重要意义。展开更多
基金Supported by the grant of France-China Particle Physics Laboratory (FCPPL)China Scholarship Council (CSC)
文摘A novel simulation method is presented in this paper to evaluate the collection performance of monolithic active pixel sensor （MAPS） devices for minimum ionizing particle tracking. A simplified 3D matrix pixel structure is built using the computer aided design software Sentaurus. The virtual device is then divided into hundreds of parts and an independent customized X photon model is involved in each part to simulate the conditions under 55Fe radiation. After data processing and analysis, charge collection efficiency, collection time and diffusion conditions can be estimated in detail. In order to verify the reliability of the method, comparisons are made between the simulations and experiments. Although there are some defects, it can be concluded that the proposed idea is a feasible method for the evaluation of the MAPS collection performance.
文摘The source rock model used in this project was developed by French Petroleum Research Institute. The total organic carbon content was estimated primarily and directly by using continuous conventional logging curves (such as sonic and resistivity curves), which are calibrated through the laboratory analysis data of organic carbon of cores, cuttings or sidewall cores. Regional evaluations have been carried out in downwarping basins abroad. The Haila′er Basin is a faulted basin and the evaluation of such a basin is a new subject. On the basis of a regional evaluation method for the downwarping basins, a new method suitable to faulted basins was developed. The effect is satisfactory when this new method is applied to the Wu′erxun Sag and the Bei′er Sag.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10771225)the project of science research plan of The State Ethnic Affairs Commission of PRC (No. 07ZY04)the project of "211" of Minzu University of China (No. 021211030312)
文摘In this paper, we study the rooted nonseparable maps on the sphere and the projective plane with the valency of root-face and the number of edges as parameters. Explicit expression of enumerating functions are obtained for such maps on the sphere and the projective plane. A parametric expression of the generating function is obtained for such maps on the projective plane, from which asymptotic evaluations are derived. Moreover, if the number of edges is sufficiently large, then almost all nonseparable maps on the projective plane are not triangulation.
文摘The Tohoku-Oki earthquake （Mw 9.0） of March 11,2011, was the largest event in the history of Japan. This magnitude 9.0 mega-thrust earthquake initiated approximately 100 km off-shore of Miyagi prefecture and the rupture extended 400-500 km along the Pacific plate. Due to the strong ground motions and tsunami associated by this event, approximately twenty thousand people were killed or missing and more than 220 thousands houses and buildings were totally or partially destroyed. This mega-thrust earthquake was not considered in the national seismic hazard maps for Japan that was published by the HERP （headquarters for earthquake research promotion） of Japan. By comparing the results of the seismic hazard assessment and observed strong ground motions, we understand that the results of assessment were underestimated in Fukushima prefecture and northern part of Ibaraki prefecture. Its cause primarily lies in that it failed to evaluate the Mw 9.0 mega-thrust earthquake in the long-term evaluation for seismic activities. On the other hand, another cause is that we could not make the functional framework which is prepared for treatment of uncertainty for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment work fully. Based on the lessons learned from this earthquake disaster and the experience that we have engaged in the seismic hazard mapping project of Japan, we consider problems and issues to be resolved for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment and make new proposals to improve probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for Japan.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41571516, 41471448)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA19040503, XDA19040504)
文摘The Grand Shangri-La(GSL) region has strong international tourist appeal. GSL has considerable international eco-tourist potential as well as being attractive for leisure, vacation, health, explorative, and scientific research activities in addition to high-end tourism experiences. These factors could promote the development of its regional tourism. GSL has been identified as a key area for tourism development in China. In this study, we investigated tourism climate conditions in GSL from 1980 to 2016 using a tourism climate index(TCI). We found that through global warming, the number of annual and monthly good-weather days, as assessed with the TCI, showed an increase over most of GSL;that trend was especially true for very good, excellent, and ideal days. The optimal travel period was May–October. We obtained the same result using cluster heat maps, in which we categorized 31 studied meteorological stations into eight types. However, heavy rainfall tended to occur during that optimal period, and it was concentrated at certain times. The annual total number of comfortable days greater than 300 was mainly located in southern GSL. We observed significant correlations between monthly and annual excellent and ideal days with latitude and elevation;in particular, we identified a significant nonlinear correlation between excellent(and ideal) days and elevation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41230528 and 41205162)National(Key)Basic Research and Development(973)Program of China(2012CB955204)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘The evolution of daily synoptic weather patterns is the main driver of day-to-day weather change. These patterns are generally associated with changes in temperature, precipitation, etc., especially during extreme weathers. Evaluating the ability of climate models to reproduce the frequency and intensity of daily synoptic patterns is essential for increasing confidence in future projections. In this study, we investigated the ability of 34 global climate models （GCMs） included in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） to simulate synoptic patterns over East Asia and their evolution features in winter and summer. Daily synoptic patterns in sea level pressure and their occurrence frequencies were identified by using an objective clustering algorithm, self-organizing maps （SOMs）. The evaluation consists of correlating the frequencies of these patterns in the 34 CMIP5 models with the frequencies in the NCEP reanalysis during the baseline period of 1980-1999. The results illustrated that most of these models were able to reproduce the synoptic patterns of the NCEP reanalysis. In addition, the frequencies of temporal sea level pressure （SLP） anomaly patterns were reproduced by most of the models over the baseline period, but the frequencies of spatial SLP anomaly patterns were only reproduced by a few GCMs. Overall, the models performed better in summer than in winter. Comprehensive evaluation shows that the four top-performing models for both winter and summer are bcc-csml-l-m, NorESM1-M, MRI-CGCM3, and CCSM4. They show good performance in simulating the daily synoptic patterns in SLP and in reproducing their occurrence frequencies. The results showed that the SOM was an effective tool for differentiating characteristics of synoptic circulation patterns and for evaluating the ability of climate models to simulate the frequency of daily synoptic patterns. The results can also help users to choose a better model for future climate projection and downscaling over East Asia.
