The protection and development problems in ethnic minority villages have received great attention from the Chinese government.This study aims to systematically identify the spatial differentiation characteristics of e...The protection and development problems in ethnic minority villages have received great attention from the Chinese government.This study aims to systematically identify the spatial differentiation characteristics of ethnic minority villages and their influencing factors in Guizhou Province.Applying ArcGIS and GeoDa,a total of 1,014 ethnic minority villages in the four batches announced by the Ethnic and Religious Affairs Commission of Guizhou Province(272in the first batch,240 in the second batch,255 in the third batch,and 247 in the fourth batch)served as the research objects.Utilizing the economic development data in Guizhou Statistical Yearbook 2018-2020 for analysis,the coupling calculation of the spatial layout and economic development level of ethnic minority villages was conducted.The results indicate that the number of ethnic minority village points varies in spatial distribution with remarkable agglomeration.The spatial equilibrium distribution of ethnic minority villages in the province is imbalanced.The kernel density is characterized by independent single kernel centers with sporadic distributions of subcenters and an echelon distribution whole.The spatial complexity distribution indicates that ethnic minority villages in Guizhou possess unequal characteristics,and the fractal of the system structure is more complicated.The findings reveal that the spatial distribution of ethnic minority characteristic villages in Guizhou is highly consistent with that of ethnic minorities in Guizhou.The distribution is the combined results of geographical factors and socialeconomic factors.Most ethnic minority characteristic villages in Guizhou Province are located in areas with complex terrain,inconvenient transportation,and relatively backward economic development.Based on the current geospatial distribution of ethnic minority villages,the present study will provide remarkable implications for the Chinese government to implement the Rural Revitalization Strategy from several key aspects.The Chinese government shoul展开更多
This paper examines the reasons why many ethnic movements surge in liberal societies-even though these societies are supposed to enable the coexistence of different types of people-and whether it is possible to resolv...This paper examines the reasons why many ethnic movements surge in liberal societies-even though these societies are supposed to enable the coexistence of different types of people-and whether it is possible to resolve ethnic conflicts within these societies. Social capital, such as mutual trust, diffusion of information, and social support is used in this discussion, as successful coexistence in a liberal society is only possible when social capital is adequately provided to all people. Since social capital is generated from social networks, minorities want networks that may increase the likelihood that they will attain an adequate level of social capital. They attempt to build such networks by making their cultural symbols recognized by others. Confrontations that result from this kind of movement often cause ethnic conflicts. The key to resolution, then, is whether a broad network can be built, to which all different people are satisfactorily connected. As a result, this paper shows that even though such a resolution is theoretically possible, in reality there are three serious obstacles： （1） people tend to be driven by strong emotions; （2） people cannot accurately estimate the extent of suffering and/or the level of required support; and （3） minorities＇ primary networks are too solidified to be connected suitably to the wider network. These findings will contribute to the further argument of what conditions should be met in order to take feasible measures to resolve ethnic conflicts within a liberal society.展开更多
Short tandem repeats(STRs)play an essential role in forensic genetics due to their high degree of polymorphisms,wide distributions and easy detection method.In this study,allelic frequencies and forensic statistical p...Short tandem repeats(STRs)play an essential role in forensic genetics due to their high degree of polymorphisms,wide distributions and easy detection method.In this study,allelic frequencies and forensic statistical parameters of the 19 autosomal STR loci in a Kazak ethnic group were calculated,and its genetic relationships with reference populations were assessed in order to understand population structure better and enrich population genetic data for forensic practice in Chinese Kazak ethnic group.There were 226 identified alleles with the corresponding allelic frequencies ranging from 0.0008 to 0.5295 in the 628 unrelated healthy Kazak individuals in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.All autosomal STRs were conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni’s correction.The cumulative power of discrimination and the combined probability of exclusion of all the 19 autosomal STRs were 0.999999999999999999999997162 and 0.999999994484,respectively.Furthermore,the DA distances and Fixation index values of pairwise populations,principal component analysis,multidimensional scaling analysis,phylogenetic tree analysis and structure analysis were conducted to probe the genetic relationships between the Kazak group and other reference populations.The population genetic results showed that these 19 autosomal STR loci were characterised by high genetic diversities in the Kazak group.Furthermore,the studied Kazak group had close genetic relationships with the Uyghur group and the Uzbek group.The present results may facilitate understanding the genetic background of the Chinese Xinjiang Kazak group.展开更多
基金supported by 2019 Guizhou Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project(19GZQN11)。
文摘The protection and development problems in ethnic minority villages have received great attention from the Chinese government.This study aims to systematically identify the spatial differentiation characteristics of ethnic minority villages and their influencing factors in Guizhou Province.Applying ArcGIS and GeoDa,a total of 1,014 ethnic minority villages in the four batches announced by the Ethnic and Religious Affairs Commission of Guizhou Province(272in the first batch,240 in the second batch,255 in the third batch,and 247 in the fourth batch)served as the research objects.Utilizing the economic development data in Guizhou Statistical Yearbook 2018-2020 for analysis,the coupling calculation of the spatial layout and economic development level of ethnic minority villages was conducted.The results indicate that the number of ethnic minority village points varies in spatial distribution with remarkable agglomeration.The spatial equilibrium distribution of ethnic minority villages in the province is imbalanced.The kernel density is characterized by independent single kernel centers with sporadic distributions of subcenters and an echelon distribution whole.The spatial complexity distribution indicates that ethnic minority villages in Guizhou possess unequal characteristics,and the fractal of the system structure is more complicated.The findings reveal that the spatial distribution of ethnic minority characteristic villages in Guizhou is highly consistent with that of ethnic minorities in Guizhou.The distribution is the combined results of geographical factors and socialeconomic factors.Most ethnic minority characteristic villages in Guizhou Province are located in areas with complex terrain,inconvenient transportation,and relatively backward economic development.Based on the current geospatial distribution of ethnic minority villages,the present study will provide remarkable implications for the Chinese government to implement the Rural Revitalization Strategy from several key aspects.The Chinese government shoul
文摘This paper examines the reasons why many ethnic movements surge in liberal societies-even though these societies are supposed to enable the coexistence of different types of people-and whether it is possible to resolve ethnic conflicts within these societies. Social capital, such as mutual trust, diffusion of information, and social support is used in this discussion, as successful coexistence in a liberal society is only possible when social capital is adequately provided to all people. Since social capital is generated from social networks, minorities want networks that may increase the likelihood that they will attain an adequate level of social capital. They attempt to build such networks by making their cultural symbols recognized by others. Confrontations that result from this kind of movement often cause ethnic conflicts. The key to resolution, then, is whether a broad network can be built, to which all different people are satisfactorily connected. As a result, this paper shows that even though such a resolution is theoretically possible, in reality there are three serious obstacles： （1） people tend to be driven by strong emotions; （2） people cannot accurately estimate the extent of suffering and/or the level of required support; and （3） minorities＇ primary networks are too solidified to be connected suitably to the wider network. These findings will contribute to the further argument of what conditions should be met in order to take feasible measures to resolve ethnic conflicts within a liberal society.
文摘Short tandem repeats(STRs)play an essential role in forensic genetics due to their high degree of polymorphisms,wide distributions and easy detection method.In this study,allelic frequencies and forensic statistical parameters of the 19 autosomal STR loci in a Kazak ethnic group were calculated,and its genetic relationships with reference populations were assessed in order to understand population structure better and enrich population genetic data for forensic practice in Chinese Kazak ethnic group.There were 226 identified alleles with the corresponding allelic frequencies ranging from 0.0008 to 0.5295 in the 628 unrelated healthy Kazak individuals in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.All autosomal STRs were conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni’s correction.The cumulative power of discrimination and the combined probability of exclusion of all the 19 autosomal STRs were 0.999999999999999999999997162 and 0.999999994484,respectively.Furthermore,the DA distances and Fixation index values of pairwise populations,principal component analysis,multidimensional scaling analysis,phylogenetic tree analysis and structure analysis were conducted to probe the genetic relationships between the Kazak group and other reference populations.The population genetic results showed that these 19 autosomal STR loci were characterised by high genetic diversities in the Kazak group.Furthermore,the studied Kazak group had close genetic relationships with the Uyghur group and the Uzbek group.The present results may facilitate understanding the genetic background of the Chinese Xinjiang Kazak group.
