目的对汽车维修行业中存在的工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)相关的工效学危险因素进行识别和危险评估。方法2018年1月—2020年12月,采用整群抽样方法,选取重庆市23家汽车维修企业的作业人员作为...目的对汽车维修行业中存在的工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)相关的工效学危险因素进行识别和危险评估。方法2018年1月—2020年12月,采用整群抽样方法,选取重庆市23家汽车维修企业的作业人员作为研究对象,采用美国《工效学基本因素检查表》(baseline risk identification of ergonomic factors,BRIEF)和瑞典《工效学因素识别表》(method for the identification of musculoskeletal stress factors which may have injurious effects,PLIBEL)识别汽车维修作业过程中的不良工效学危险因素,并采用快速全身评估法(rapid entire body assessment,REBA)进行姿势负荷等级评估。结果本研究共对193名作业工人进行了工效学评估,其中维修工86人、喷漆工60人和钣金工47人。BRIEF识别结果显示,维修工、喷漆工和钣金工的颈部、背部、手腕为WMSDs的潜在危险部位;PLIBEL识别结果显示,不同作业发生危险的部位略有差异,维修工、喷漆工和钣金工肘、前臂和手腕部以及颈、肩和上背部主要存在重复性作业,喷漆工和钣金工下背部主要存在无坐和支撑的站姿作业和严重前屈;REBA评估姿势负荷等级主要为中、低危险,维修工、喷漆工、钣金工中等危险等级人数占比分别为61.6%(53/86)、36.7%(22/60)、23.4%(11/17)。结论汽车维修作业人员应加强对相关工效学危险因素的管理与控制,以预防WMSDs发生。展开更多
Our healthcare delivery system has accumulated complexity of payment, regulation systems, expectations and requirements. Often these are not designed to align with clinical thinking process flow of patient care. As a ...Our healthcare delivery system has accumulated complexity of payment, regulation systems, expectations and requirements. Often these are not designed to align with clinical thinking process flow of patient care. As a result, clinicians are utilizing enormous mental (cognitive) resource to comply with these complexities, over and above the baseline mental effort required to give good care to the patient. Recent studies suggest a significant number of physicians, advanced practice providers and nurses no longer want to stay in healthcare due to difficult work expectations and conditions that have become unreasonable. Technology has benefitted healthcare delivery, but also is a conduit of many expectations that have been grafted upon clinician workloads, exceeding the resources provided to accomplish them. Cognitive load is a measure of mental effort and is divided into Intrinsic, Germane and Extraneous Cognitive Load. Extraneous Cognitive Load (ECL) is what is not necessary and can be removed by better design. High cognitive load is associated with increased risk of both medical error and clinician burnout. Chronic high level occupational stress occurs from dealing with this job/resource imbalance and is showing serious personal health impact upon clinicians and the quality of the work they can provide for patients. Since organizational systems have become more complex, leadership methods, clinician wellbeing and patient safety efforts need to adjust to adapt and succeed. Safety efforts have tended to predominantly follow methods of a few decades ago with predominant focus upon how things go wrong (Safety I) but are now being encouraged to include more of the study of how things go right (Safety II). Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE) science has been used in many industries to preserve worker wellbeing and improve system performance. Patient safety is a product of good system performance. HFE science helps inform mechanisms behind Safety I and II approach. HFE concepts augment existing burnout and safety interventions展开更多
This study is a preparation phase for visualization of utilized information using ergonomic user interface and standardization of elements for anti-air weapon system. Therefore, we investigated the instances of Navy W...This study is a preparation phase for visualization of utilized information using ergonomic user interface and standardization of elements for anti-air weapon system. Therefore, we investigated the instances of Navy Weapon System operation environment for defense advanced country. Based on the collected data, we compared and analyzed the weapon system operation environment design. Ultimately, it is essential to share a variety of battle field conditions such as enemy threat, enemy/friendly information, terrain information that can be effectively recognized. In this paper, we conduct case study for ergonomically development of Operation Environment. It is expected that this research improves the situational awareness and reduces the operator’s task load.展开更多
文摘目的对汽车维修行业中存在的工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)相关的工效学危险因素进行识别和危险评估。方法2018年1月—2020年12月,采用整群抽样方法,选取重庆市23家汽车维修企业的作业人员作为研究对象,采用美国《工效学基本因素检查表》(baseline risk identification of ergonomic factors,BRIEF)和瑞典《工效学因素识别表》(method for the identification of musculoskeletal stress factors which may have injurious effects,PLIBEL)识别汽车维修作业过程中的不良工效学危险因素,并采用快速全身评估法(rapid entire body assessment,REBA)进行姿势负荷等级评估。结果本研究共对193名作业工人进行了工效学评估,其中维修工86人、喷漆工60人和钣金工47人。BRIEF识别结果显示,维修工、喷漆工和钣金工的颈部、背部、手腕为WMSDs的潜在危险部位;PLIBEL识别结果显示,不同作业发生危险的部位略有差异,维修工、喷漆工和钣金工肘、前臂和手腕部以及颈、肩和上背部主要存在重复性作业,喷漆工和钣金工下背部主要存在无坐和支撑的站姿作业和严重前屈;REBA评估姿势负荷等级主要为中、低危险,维修工、喷漆工、钣金工中等危险等级人数占比分别为61.6%(53/86)、36.7%(22/60)、23.4%(11/17)。结论汽车维修作业人员应加强对相关工效学危险因素的管理与控制,以预防WMSDs发生。
文摘Our healthcare delivery system has accumulated complexity of payment, regulation systems, expectations and requirements. Often these are not designed to align with clinical thinking process flow of patient care. As a result, clinicians are utilizing enormous mental (cognitive) resource to comply with these complexities, over and above the baseline mental effort required to give good care to the patient. Recent studies suggest a significant number of physicians, advanced practice providers and nurses no longer want to stay in healthcare due to difficult work expectations and conditions that have become unreasonable. Technology has benefitted healthcare delivery, but also is a conduit of many expectations that have been grafted upon clinician workloads, exceeding the resources provided to accomplish them. Cognitive load is a measure of mental effort and is divided into Intrinsic, Germane and Extraneous Cognitive Load. Extraneous Cognitive Load (ECL) is what is not necessary and can be removed by better design. High cognitive load is associated with increased risk of both medical error and clinician burnout. Chronic high level occupational stress occurs from dealing with this job/resource imbalance and is showing serious personal health impact upon clinicians and the quality of the work they can provide for patients. Since organizational systems have become more complex, leadership methods, clinician wellbeing and patient safety efforts need to adjust to adapt and succeed. Safety efforts have tended to predominantly follow methods of a few decades ago with predominant focus upon how things go wrong (Safety I) but are now being encouraged to include more of the study of how things go right (Safety II). Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE) science has been used in many industries to preserve worker wellbeing and improve system performance. Patient safety is a product of good system performance. HFE science helps inform mechanisms behind Safety I and II approach. HFE concepts augment existing burnout and safety interventions
文摘This study is a preparation phase for visualization of utilized information using ergonomic user interface and standardization of elements for anti-air weapon system. Therefore, we investigated the instances of Navy Weapon System operation environment for defense advanced country. Based on the collected data, we compared and analyzed the weapon system operation environment design. Ultimately, it is essential to share a variety of battle field conditions such as enemy threat, enemy/friendly information, terrain information that can be effectively recognized. In this paper, we conduct case study for ergonomically development of Operation Environment. It is expected that this research improves the situational awareness and reduces the operator’s task load.
