The alates of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, were daily trapped from the air from late October through early January and carried to laboratory for determination of fungal infection by individually rearing them...The alates of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, were daily trapped from the air from late October through early January and carried to laboratory for determination of fungal infection by individually rearing them for 7 d on detached cabbage leaves in Petri dishes. Among 760 alates trapped, 266 (35%) were found carrying various fungal pathogens, 87.3% of them died due to mycosis during the first 3-day period of rearing and the rest died in the following two days. Most of the deaths of the alates were attributed to entomophthoralean fungi, taking 94.4%, and the rest were the hyphomycetous fungus Beauveria bassiana. Among the Entomophthorales-killed alates, P. neoaphidis took a proportion of 66.1%, Z. anhuiensis 22.6%, E. planchoniana 9.7%, and N. fresenii 1.6%, respectively. Two alates were found suffering from cross infection of two fungal species, i.e. P. neoaphidis with Z. anhuiensis and N. fresenii, respectively. The results represent the first report on transmission of aphid-pathogenic fungi展开更多
针对当前虫生真菌研究过程中存在的一些昆虫学问题,文章从虫草Cordyceps sensu lato和虫霉Entomophthorales这两类虫生真菌出发,对物种名称的规范、虫生真菌的发生与寄主昆虫生物学之间的关系以及寄主昆虫的鉴定等方面展开讨论,并提出...针对当前虫生真菌研究过程中存在的一些昆虫学问题,文章从虫草Cordyceps sensu lato和虫霉Entomophthorales这两类虫生真菌出发,对物种名称的规范、虫生真菌的发生与寄主昆虫生物学之间的关系以及寄主昆虫的鉴定等方面展开讨论,并提出解决方案和推论,旨在深入了解虫生真菌的一些生物学问题。展开更多
A total number of 1092 migratory alates were trapped from air in wheat grown area of Yuanyang County, Henan Province from early April through May 2002 in order to confirm the source and dissemination of entomophthoral...A total number of 1092 migratory alates were trapped from air in wheat grown area of Yuanyang County, Henan Province from early April through May 2002 in order to confirm the source and dissemination of entomophthoralean inocula to cause epizootics of cereal aphids. Those included 415 Sitobion avenae, 642 Rhopalosiphum padi, 22 Metopolophium dirhodum, and 13 Schizaphis graminum. The trapped alates were daily collected and individually reared for 7 days on wheat plants in laboratory. Of those 341 alates died of fungal infection, taking 31.2% in the trapped alates. These included 224 S. avenae, 106 R. padi, 8 M. dirhodum, and 3 S. graminum. Deaths of all infected alates occurred during the first 5 days and 78.9% of the deaths occurred within the first 3 days. Individual examination under microscope proved that all deaths were attributed to entomophthoralean fungi. Of those Pandora neoaphidis accounted for 84.6%, Conidiobolus obscurus for 9.9%, and Entomophthora planchoniana for 5.5%. Four alate deaths died of cross infection of P. neoaphidis and C. conidiobolus. Based on the high infection rate of the migratory alates trapped from air and the field occurrence of epizootics in populations of cereal aphids during the trapping period, Entomophthorales-caused epizootics were likely disseminated by infected alates through their flight and colonization. This makes it reasonable to interpret worldwide distribution of aphid epizootics, particularly caused by P. neoaphidis that has no resting spores discovered.展开更多
本文报道了虫霉目的一个新种和3个新记录种。新种叶蝉虫疫霉(Erynia cicadellisLi et Fan sp.nov.)是我国南方稻叶蝉虫霉流行病的病原之一,与近缘种飞虱虫疫霉[E.deiphacis(Heri)Humber et Ben-Ze'ev]的主要区别在于后者孢子较大,...本文报道了虫霉目的一个新种和3个新记录种。新种叶蝉虫疫霉(Erynia cicadellisLi et Fan sp.nov.)是我国南方稻叶蝉虫霉流行病的病原之一,与近缘种飞虱虫疫霉[E.deiphacis(Heri)Humber et Ben-Ze'ev]的主要区别在于后者孢子较大,且不具有假根。蚜虫疫霉[E.aphidis(Hoffm.)Humber et Ben-Ze'ev]系世界不常见种,国内首次在陕西岚皋及福州的桃蚜上记录;飞虱虫疫霉和佩氏虫疫霉[E.petchii Ben-Ze'ev et Kenneth)皆系南方褐稻虱虫霉流行病的病原。展开更多
本文报道了虫疫霉属2个新种及1个中国新记录种。新种北虫疫霉(Eryniaborea Fan et Li sp.nov.)发生于西北及东北地区的丽蝇成虫体上,菜叶蜂虫疫霉(Eryniaathaliae Li et Fan sp.nov)发生于陕西杨陵的黄翅菜叶蜂幼虫;新记录种近藤虫疫霉(...本文报道了虫疫霉属2个新种及1个中国新记录种。新种北虫疫霉(Eryniaborea Fan et Li sp.nov.)发生于西北及东北地区的丽蝇成虫体上,菜叶蜂虫疫霉(Eryniaathaliae Li et Fan sp.nov)发生于陕西杨陵的黄翅菜叶蜂幼虫;新记录种近藤虫疫霉(Erynia kondoiensis Milner)发生于福州的烟蚜虫体上。本文详细描述了新种的形态。展开更多
A novel method was developed to use glutinous broomcorn millets (Panicum miliaceum L.) as solid substrate to make cultures of the entomophthoralean fungus Pandora delphacis specifically pathogenic to planthoppers, lea...A novel method was developed to use glutinous broomcorn millets (Panicum miliaceum L.) as solid substrate to make cultures of the entomophthoralean fungus Pandora delphacis specifically pathogenic to planthoppers, leafhop-pers and aphids. Steamed millets with water content of 45% were inoculated with a liquid culture of P. delphacis at a ratio of 20% (v/w) and then incubated at 25℃ and L:D 12:12. The millets cultured for 3—17 d exhibited high potential for co-nidial production. The 5-d-old millet culture sporulated most abundantly, discharging up to 17.12 (1.31) 104 conidia/ millet. The cultures incubated for 7—11 d also had a satis-factory sporulation capability, yielding 13.00—13.90 104 conidia/millet. Compared to 2.32 (0.34) 104 conidia dis-charged from each of Myzus persicae adults killed by P. del-phacis and a ≤60-h duration of sporulation, each of the millets cultured for 5—11 d produced 5.6—7.4 times more conidia with an over doubled duration for conidial discharge (144 h). Among 106 M. persicae adults exposed to the shower of conidia discharged from the cultured millets, a total mor-tality of 69.8% caused by P. delphacis infection was observed within 7 d after exposure, but no death was attributed to the fungal infection in the aphids unexposed. The results indi-cate that the millet cultures of P. delphacis are biologically similar to aphid cadavers killed by the same fungus. Due to the superiority of the cultured millets to the cadavers in sporulation potential and duration, the method for making cultures of P. delphacis on the broomcorn millets is highly recommended for use in study of entomophthoralean fungi for microbial control. This is the first report on the success of the solid culture of Pandora species on cereals.展开更多
[Objective] The study was to isolate and identify the pathogen of Pandora neoaphidis and to determine its pathogenicity against turnip aphid （Lipaphis erysimi）.[Method] Based on the morphological characteristics,the...[Objective] The study was to isolate and identify the pathogen of Pandora neoaphidis and to determine its pathogenicity against turnip aphid （Lipaphis erysimi）.[Method] Based on the morphological characteristics,the species of pathogenic fungus was identified.Spore shower method was used to carry out bioassay on the pathogen against turnip aphid.[Result] Primary conidia were ovoid,bitunicate and uninucleate,（24.7±1.4）μm×（10.7±0.9）μm,L/D=2.3±0.2.Secondary conidia had the similar shape with the primary ones,（18.6±2.1）μm×（13.3±1.3）μm,L/D=1.4±0.2.Hyphal body was like mycelium with the diameter of （10.6±0.8）μm.Conidiophores had palmate branch with the diameter of （10.0±0.9）μm.Pseudocystidia was not branched,which had rough base with the diameter of （19.2±1.7）μm,and gradually became more angular towards the apex with the diameter of （8.0±0.9）μm at tips.Rhizoid was like monohyphal shape with the diameter of （21.0±3.0）μm at base,the terminal apex had regular discoid holdfast.No resting spores were observed.The lethal dose of the pathogen against turnip aphid was 18.2/mm2.[Conclusion] The entomopathogenic fungus against turnip aphid was identified to be Pandora neoaphidis,and the pathogen was confirmed to have strong pathogenicity against turnip aphid.展开更多
基金This work was partially supported by the "Cheung Kong Scholars Programme', Ministry of Education, P. R. Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 30070514 and 39870513).
文摘The alates of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, were daily trapped from the air from late October through early January and carried to laboratory for determination of fungal infection by individually rearing them for 7 d on detached cabbage leaves in Petri dishes. Among 760 alates trapped, 266 (35%) were found carrying various fungal pathogens, 87.3% of them died due to mycosis during the first 3-day period of rearing and the rest died in the following two days. Most of the deaths of the alates were attributed to entomophthoralean fungi, taking 94.4%, and the rest were the hyphomycetous fungus Beauveria bassiana. Among the Entomophthorales-killed alates, P. neoaphidis took a proportion of 66.1%, Z. anhuiensis 22.6%, E. planchoniana 9.7%, and N. fresenii 1.6%, respectively. Two alates were found suffering from cross infection of two fungal species, i.e. P. neoaphidis with Z. anhuiensis and N. fresenii, respectively. The results represent the first report on transmission of aphid-pathogenic fungi
文摘针对当前虫生真菌研究过程中存在的一些昆虫学问题,文章从虫草Cordyceps sensu lato和虫霉Entomophthorales这两类虫生真菌出发,对物种名称的规范、虫生真菌的发生与寄主昆虫生物学之间的关系以及寄主昆虫的鉴定等方面展开讨论,并提出解决方案和推论,旨在深入了解虫生真菌的一些生物学问题。
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30070514)the'Cheung Kong Scholars Programme',Ministry of Education,China.
文摘A total number of 1092 migratory alates were trapped from air in wheat grown area of Yuanyang County, Henan Province from early April through May 2002 in order to confirm the source and dissemination of entomophthoralean inocula to cause epizootics of cereal aphids. Those included 415 Sitobion avenae, 642 Rhopalosiphum padi, 22 Metopolophium dirhodum, and 13 Schizaphis graminum. The trapped alates were daily collected and individually reared for 7 days on wheat plants in laboratory. Of those 341 alates died of fungal infection, taking 31.2% in the trapped alates. These included 224 S. avenae, 106 R. padi, 8 M. dirhodum, and 3 S. graminum. Deaths of all infected alates occurred during the first 5 days and 78.9% of the deaths occurred within the first 3 days. Individual examination under microscope proved that all deaths were attributed to entomophthoralean fungi. Of those Pandora neoaphidis accounted for 84.6%, Conidiobolus obscurus for 9.9%, and Entomophthora planchoniana for 5.5%. Four alate deaths died of cross infection of P. neoaphidis and C. conidiobolus. Based on the high infection rate of the migratory alates trapped from air and the field occurrence of epizootics in populations of cereal aphids during the trapping period, Entomophthorales-caused epizootics were likely disseminated by infected alates through their flight and colonization. This makes it reasonable to interpret worldwide distribution of aphid epizootics, particularly caused by P. neoaphidis that has no resting spores discovered.
文摘本文报道了虫霉目的一个新种和3个新记录种。新种叶蝉虫疫霉(Erynia cicadellisLi et Fan sp.nov.)是我国南方稻叶蝉虫霉流行病的病原之一,与近缘种飞虱虫疫霉[E.deiphacis(Heri)Humber et Ben-Ze'ev]的主要区别在于后者孢子较大,且不具有假根。蚜虫疫霉[E.aphidis(Hoffm.)Humber et Ben-Ze'ev]系世界不常见种,国内首次在陕西岚皋及福州的桃蚜上记录;飞虱虫疫霉和佩氏虫疫霉[E.petchii Ben-Ze'ev et Kenneth)皆系南方褐稻虱虫霉流行病的病原。
文摘本文报道了虫疫霉属2个新种及1个中国新记录种。新种北虫疫霉(Eryniaborea Fan et Li sp.nov.)发生于西北及东北地区的丽蝇成虫体上,菜叶蜂虫疫霉(Eryniaathaliae Li et Fan sp.nov)发生于陕西杨陵的黄翅菜叶蜂幼虫;新记录种近藤虫疫霉(Erynia kondoiensis Milner)发生于福州的烟蚜虫体上。本文详细描述了新种的形态。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30070514)the Special Fund for Graduate Study Programs in Chinese Universities(Grant No.200203335041)the‘Cheung Kong Scholars Programme’,Ministry of Education,China.
文摘A novel method was developed to use glutinous broomcorn millets (Panicum miliaceum L.) as solid substrate to make cultures of the entomophthoralean fungus Pandora delphacis specifically pathogenic to planthoppers, leafhop-pers and aphids. Steamed millets with water content of 45% were inoculated with a liquid culture of P. delphacis at a ratio of 20% (v/w) and then incubated at 25℃ and L:D 12:12. The millets cultured for 3—17 d exhibited high potential for co-nidial production. The 5-d-old millet culture sporulated most abundantly, discharging up to 17.12 (1.31) 104 conidia/ millet. The cultures incubated for 7—11 d also had a satis-factory sporulation capability, yielding 13.00—13.90 104 conidia/millet. Compared to 2.32 (0.34) 104 conidia dis-charged from each of Myzus persicae adults killed by P. del-phacis and a ≤60-h duration of sporulation, each of the millets cultured for 5—11 d produced 5.6—7.4 times more conidia with an over doubled duration for conidial discharge (144 h). Among 106 M. persicae adults exposed to the shower of conidia discharged from the cultured millets, a total mor-tality of 69.8% caused by P. delphacis infection was observed within 7 d after exposure, but no death was attributed to the fungal infection in the aphids unexposed. The results indi-cate that the millet cultures of P. delphacis are biologically similar to aphid cadavers killed by the same fungus. Due to the superiority of the cultured millets to the cadavers in sporulation potential and duration, the method for making cultures of P. delphacis on the broomcorn millets is highly recommended for use in study of entomophthoralean fungi for microbial control. This is the first report on the success of the solid culture of Pandora species on cereals.
基金Supported by Key Projects in Shaoguang Institute (200402)~~
文摘[Objective] The study was to isolate and identify the pathogen of Pandora neoaphidis and to determine its pathogenicity against turnip aphid （Lipaphis erysimi）.[Method] Based on the morphological characteristics,the species of pathogenic fungus was identified.Spore shower method was used to carry out bioassay on the pathogen against turnip aphid.[Result] Primary conidia were ovoid,bitunicate and uninucleate,（24.7±1.4）μm×（10.7±0.9）μm,L/D=2.3±0.2.Secondary conidia had the similar shape with the primary ones,（18.6±2.1）μm×（13.3±1.3）μm,L/D=1.4±0.2.Hyphal body was like mycelium with the diameter of （10.6±0.8）μm.Conidiophores had palmate branch with the diameter of （10.0±0.9）μm.Pseudocystidia was not branched,which had rough base with the diameter of （19.2±1.7）μm,and gradually became more angular towards the apex with the diameter of （8.0±0.9）μm at tips.Rhizoid was like monohyphal shape with the diameter of （21.0±3.0）μm at base,the terminal apex had regular discoid holdfast.No resting spores were observed.The lethal dose of the pathogen against turnip aphid was 18.2/mm2.[Conclusion] The entomopathogenic fungus against turnip aphid was identified to be Pandora neoaphidis,and the pathogen was confirmed to have strong pathogenicity against turnip aphid.
