Objective To detect the virus in the feces and sera of patients in an outbreak of enterically transmitted non-A,non-E hepatitis,and this review covers the epidemiologic features and experimental infection of this nove...Objective To detect the virus in the feces and sera of patients in an outbreak of enterically transmitted non-A,non-E hepatitis,and this review covers the epidemiologic features and experimental infection of this novel virus.Data sources Data sources come from our own work on this subject,published and unpublished.Study selection Mainly our own work is included,and related literature is collected.Results In an outbreak of enterically transmitted non-A-E hepatitis among students,a total of 381 cases (60.7%)were documented.Viral fragments identical to transfusion transmitted virus(TTV)were detected in both serum and stool samples.Asymptomatic virus carriers among the staff had positive serum(32.1%)and feces(24.6%),clearly a potential source of infection.This viral infection prevalence in 2 remote villages in northern and southern China was 9.2% and 10.6%,respectively,suggesting that China is an endemic area.In this study,groups of 3 Rhesus monkeys were infected via oral or intravenous inoculation with patient feces.Two additional monkeys were infected by passage.The virus was detected in serum,peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC),liver,spleen and small intestine,while the virus positive single strand,which might be a replicative intermediate,was only in liver,intestine and PBMC of all animals.Conclusions This nonenveloped DNA virus might be transmitted both by blood and enteric routes.Considering its wide distribution and high prevalence,we suppose that nonparenteral transmission is more important.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the effects of protein deprivation on the myenteric plexus of the esophagus of weanling rats. METHODS: Pregnant female Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: nourished (N),receiving normal diet,and u...AIM: To evaluate the effects of protein deprivation on the myenteric plexus of the esophagus of weanling rats. METHODS: Pregnant female Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: nourished (N),receiving normal diet,and undernourished (D),receiving a protein-deprived diet,which continued after birth. At twenty-one days of age,13 esophagi from each group were submitted to light microscopy and morphometrical analysis employing the NADH diaphorase,NADPH diaphorase and acetylcholinesterase techniques. Three other esophagi from each group were evaluated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: In both the NADH- and the NADPH-reactive mounts,the neurons of the N mounts were more intensely stained,while in the D esophagi only the larger neurons were reactive. Many myenteric neurons of N were intensely reactive for AChE activity but only a few neurons of D exhibited these aspects. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that the granular reticulum of N showed large numbers of ribosomes aligned on the outer surface of its regularly arranged membrane while the ribosomes of D were disposed in clusters. The chromatin was more homogeneously scattered inside the neuron nucleus of N as well as the granular component of the nucleolus was evidently more developed in this group. Statistically significant differences between N and D groups were detected in the total estimated number of neurons stained by the NADPH technique. CONCLUSION: The morphological and quantitative data shows that feeding with protein-deprived diet in 21-d old rats induces a delay in the development of the myenteric neurons of the esophagus.展开更多
目的探究标准桃金娘油肠溶胶囊联合头孢米诺治疗急性化脓性鼻窦炎的临床疗效。方法选取2012年1月—2014年12月亳州市人民医院耳鼻喉科收治的急性化脓性鼻窦炎患者80例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各40例。对照组患者静脉滴注注射用头...目的探究标准桃金娘油肠溶胶囊联合头孢米诺治疗急性化脓性鼻窦炎的临床疗效。方法选取2012年1月—2014年12月亳州市人民医院耳鼻喉科收治的急性化脓性鼻窦炎患者80例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各40例。对照组患者静脉滴注注射用头孢米诺钠,1 g/次,加到20 m L生理盐水中,2次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服标准桃金娘油肠溶胶囊,1粒/次,3次/d。两组均连续治疗6周。观察两组的临床疗效,同时比较两组治疗前后鼻腔黏膜纤毛传输时间的变化。随访3个月,计算两组的复发率。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为77.5%、92.5%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗1、6周后两组鼻腔黏膜纤毛传输时间均有明显下降,同组治疗前后差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗组的下降程度优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组和治疗组的复发率分别为15%、5%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论标准桃金娘油肠溶胶囊联合头孢米治疗急性化脓性鼻窦炎的具有较好的临床疗效,明显缩短了鼻腔黏膜纤毛传输时间,具有较高的临床推广应用价值。展开更多
AIM:To evaluate effects of preand postnatal protein deprivation and postnatal recovery on the myenteric plexus of the rat esophagus. METHODS: Three groups of young Wistar rats (aged 42 d) were studied: normalfed (N42)...AIM:To evaluate effects of preand postnatal protein deprivation and postnatal recovery on the myenteric plexus of the rat esophagus. METHODS: Three groups of young Wistar rats (aged 42 d) were studied: normalfed (N42), proteindeprived (D42), and proteinrecovered (R42). The myenteric neurons of their esophagi were evaluated by histochemical reactions for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), nitrergic neurons (NADPH)diaphorase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), immunohistochemical reaction for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy.RESULTS: The cytoplasms of large and medium neurons from the N42 and R42 groups were intensely reactive for NADH. Only a few large neurons from the D42 group exhibited this aspect. NADPH detected in the D42 group exhibited low reactivity. The AChE reactivity was diffuse in neurons from the D42 and R42 groups. The density of large and small varicosities detected by immunohistochemical staining of VIP was low in ganglia from the D42 group. In many neurons from the D42 group, the double membrane of the nuclear envelope and the perinuclear cisterna were not detectable. NADH and NADPH histochemistry revealed no group differences in the prof ile of nerve cell perikarya (ranging from 200 to 400 μm2).CONCLUSION: Protein deprivation causes a delay in neuronal maturation but postnatal recovery can almost completely restore the normal morphology of myenteric neurons.展开更多
文摘Objective To detect the virus in the feces and sera of patients in an outbreak of enterically transmitted non-A,non-E hepatitis,and this review covers the epidemiologic features and experimental infection of this novel virus.Data sources Data sources come from our own work on this subject,published and unpublished.Study selection Mainly our own work is included,and related literature is collected.Results In an outbreak of enterically transmitted non-A-E hepatitis among students,a total of 381 cases (60.7%)were documented.Viral fragments identical to transfusion transmitted virus(TTV)were detected in both serum and stool samples.Asymptomatic virus carriers among the staff had positive serum(32.1%)and feces(24.6%),clearly a potential source of infection.This viral infection prevalence in 2 remote villages in northern and southern China was 9.2% and 10.6%,respectively,suggesting that China is an endemic area.In this study,groups of 3 Rhesus monkeys were infected via oral or intravenous inoculation with patient feces.Two additional monkeys were infected by passage.The virus was detected in serum,peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC),liver,spleen and small intestine,while the virus positive single strand,which might be a replicative intermediate,was only in liver,intestine and PBMC of all animals.Conclusions This nonenveloped DNA virus might be transmitted both by blood and enteric routes.Considering its wide distribution and high prevalence,we suppose that nonparenteral transmission is more important.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the effects of protein deprivation on the myenteric plexus of the esophagus of weanling rats. METHODS: Pregnant female Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: nourished (N),receiving normal diet,and undernourished (D),receiving a protein-deprived diet,which continued after birth. At twenty-one days of age,13 esophagi from each group were submitted to light microscopy and morphometrical analysis employing the NADH diaphorase,NADPH diaphorase and acetylcholinesterase techniques. Three other esophagi from each group were evaluated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: In both the NADH- and the NADPH-reactive mounts,the neurons of the N mounts were more intensely stained,while in the D esophagi only the larger neurons were reactive. Many myenteric neurons of N were intensely reactive for AChE activity but only a few neurons of D exhibited these aspects. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that the granular reticulum of N showed large numbers of ribosomes aligned on the outer surface of its regularly arranged membrane while the ribosomes of D were disposed in clusters. The chromatin was more homogeneously scattered inside the neuron nucleus of N as well as the granular component of the nucleolus was evidently more developed in this group. Statistically significant differences between N and D groups were detected in the total estimated number of neurons stained by the NADPH technique. CONCLUSION: The morphological and quantitative data shows that feeding with protein-deprived diet in 21-d old rats induces a delay in the development of the myenteric neurons of the esophagus.
文摘目的探究标准桃金娘油肠溶胶囊联合头孢米诺治疗急性化脓性鼻窦炎的临床疗效。方法选取2012年1月—2014年12月亳州市人民医院耳鼻喉科收治的急性化脓性鼻窦炎患者80例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各40例。对照组患者静脉滴注注射用头孢米诺钠,1 g/次,加到20 m L生理盐水中,2次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服标准桃金娘油肠溶胶囊,1粒/次,3次/d。两组均连续治疗6周。观察两组的临床疗效,同时比较两组治疗前后鼻腔黏膜纤毛传输时间的变化。随访3个月,计算两组的复发率。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为77.5%、92.5%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗1、6周后两组鼻腔黏膜纤毛传输时间均有明显下降,同组治疗前后差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗组的下降程度优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组和治疗组的复发率分别为15%、5%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论标准桃金娘油肠溶胶囊联合头孢米治疗急性化脓性鼻窦炎的具有较好的临床疗效,明显缩短了鼻腔黏膜纤毛传输时间,具有较高的临床推广应用价值。
基金Supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico - CNPq and FAPESP (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo) grant, No. 04/00746-3
文摘AIM:To evaluate effects of preand postnatal protein deprivation and postnatal recovery on the myenteric plexus of the rat esophagus. METHODS: Three groups of young Wistar rats (aged 42 d) were studied: normalfed (N42), proteindeprived (D42), and proteinrecovered (R42). The myenteric neurons of their esophagi were evaluated by histochemical reactions for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), nitrergic neurons (NADPH)diaphorase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), immunohistochemical reaction for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy.RESULTS: The cytoplasms of large and medium neurons from the N42 and R42 groups were intensely reactive for NADH. Only a few large neurons from the D42 group exhibited this aspect. NADPH detected in the D42 group exhibited low reactivity. The AChE reactivity was diffuse in neurons from the D42 and R42 groups. The density of large and small varicosities detected by immunohistochemical staining of VIP was low in ganglia from the D42 group. In many neurons from the D42 group, the double membrane of the nuclear envelope and the perinuclear cisterna were not detectable. NADH and NADPH histochemistry revealed no group differences in the prof ile of nerve cell perikarya (ranging from 200 to 400 μm2).CONCLUSION: Protein deprivation causes a delay in neuronal maturation but postnatal recovery can almost completely restore the normal morphology of myenteric neurons.
